大气微纳米颗粒物界面反应与矿物协同演化意义

董发勤; 邵龙义; 冯晨旭; 琚宜文; 李杰; 霍婷婷; 赵玉连

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.423

大气微纳米颗粒物界面反应与矿物协同演化意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.423

1.
西南科技大学环境与资源学院, 四川绵阳 621010
2.
西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室, 四川绵阳 621010
3.
中国矿业大学地球科学与测绘工程学院, 北京 100083
4.
中国科学院大学地球科学学院, 北京 100049

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41572035

国家自然科学基金项目 41130746

详细信息

作者简介:
董发勤(1963-), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要从事环境矿物学和生态环境协调材料研究

中图分类号: P57
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2018-05-15

Interfacial Reaction of Atmospheric Micro/Nano Particles and Significance of Mineral Coevolution

1.
School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
3.
College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China
4.
College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 综述了大气气溶胶颗粒物的特征、颗粒物的界面反应与矿物协同演化意义；重点介绍了大气颗粒物粒径分布和矿物成分，以及常见有毒有害气体的界面反应产物特征与关键化学过程；总结了矿物颗粒在大气气溶胶形成过程中汇聚、调控、催化的作用，以及颗粒物与大气中SO₂、NO_x的协同反应机制；分析了微纳米颗粒对二次有机气溶胶形成的影响，以及大气矿物相颗粒界面反应产物组合及协同演化作用.可为进一步研究大气颗粒物与大气中痕量污染气体反应形成二次气溶胶进而影响大气化学组成的过程提供指导，对深入探讨大气矿物颗粒表面特性在复合污染物中多介质反应的微界面化学过程，矿物尘-污染物气溶胶体系在雾-霾形成、转换、新生粒子和阻断行为的复合作用具有重要的环境学意义.
- 微纳米 /
- 颗粒物 /
- 界面反应 /
- 矿物学 /
- 协同演化
Abstract: This paper presents the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols, the interfacial reaction between particles and the significance of coevolution of minerals, focusing on the size distribution and mineral composition of atmospheric particles, and characteristics of the products and key chemical processes of the interfacial reaction between the atmospheric particles and common toxic and harmful gases. In addition, the convergence role, adjustment mechanism, and catalystic effect of mineral particles on the aerosol formation process, and the synergistic reaction mechanism between SO₂ and NO_x in the atmosphere are summarized. Furthermore, the effects of micro/nano particles on the formation of secondary organic aerosols and the combination and coevolution of interfacial reaction products between atmospheric and mineral phases are analyzed. This review can provide guidance for further research on the process of atmospheric particulate matter reacting with trace polluted gases in the atmosphere to form secondary aerosols and then affecting the chemical composition of the atmosphere, and it is also of environmental significance since it facilitates future studies of both the micro-interface chemistry reaction of the surface characteristics of the atmospheric mineral particles in the complex pollutants and the combined effects of mineral dust-pollutant aerosol system in fog-haze formation, transformation, particle production and blocking behavior.
- micro/nano /
- particle /
- interfacial reaction /
- mineralogy /
- coevolution

HTML全文

图 1 细粒子团聚形成的大颗粒

据武智晖(2016).a.类球状大颗粒；b.长杆状大颗粒；c.絮状无定型体大颗粒

Fig. 1. Large particles formed by agglomeration of flaky fine particles

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图 2 五台山景区大气颗粒物SEM照片

据武智晖(2016).a.硅铝酸盐-水分-硫酸盐"核壳结构"；b.团聚体

Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope images of atmospheric particulates in Mount Wutai

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图 3 大气微纳米颗粒在气溶胶形成过程中的成核和汇聚作用

Fig. 3. Nucleation and aggregation of aerosol particles during aerosol formation

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图 4 SO₂在矿物颗粒物表面的反应

据袁小燕等(2016)

Fig. 4. The reaction of SO₂ on the surface of mineral particles

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图 5 矿尘颗粒和SO₂反应机理示意

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of reaction mechanism between mineral dust and SO₂

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图 6 石膏和方解石连生构造

据陈天虎和徐惠芳(2003)

Fig. 6. Gypsum and calcite intergrowth structure

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表 1 国内外不同地区大气气溶胶颗粒粒径分布对比

Table 1. Comparison of aerosol particle size distribution in different areas

时间区域	津京冀	长三角	珠三角	四川盆地	欧洲	美洲
2000年以前	第1峰：0.5~0.7 μm；第2峰：0.5~0.7 μm	两个峰值分别位于0.1 μm和12.5 μm	10 μm以下的颗粒占80%左右	暂无研究	第1峰：0.002~0.003 μm；第2峰：0.035~0.050 μm	第1峰：0.2~0.5 μm；第2峰：5~30 μm
2000~2010年	第1峰：0.30~0.35 μm；第2峰：0.50~0.58 μm	春节期间最高浓度处于0.1~0.5 μm	0.25 μm≤D≤1 μm粒子群的平均直径为0.3 μm，占总粒子数的99.4%	暂无研究	第1峰：0.016~0.025 μm；第2峰：0.158~0.251 μm	第1峰：0.36~0.56 μm；第2峰：3.6~5.6 μm
2010年以后	最高浓度位于0.43~0.65 μm	两个峰值分别位于0.05 μm和0.1 μm	最高浓度位于0.056~18 μm	最高浓度位于0.7~2.1 μm	发现新鲜的道路交通、工业粒子处于0.026~0.093 μm	46%的颗粒小于0.02 μm

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表 2 气溶胶粒子成分形貌类型及来源

Table 2. Composition, morphology, type and source of aerosol particles

颗粒类型	次类型	元素特征	物理特征	来源
烟尘	烟尘	主要为C	单链和聚集体	煤炭和生物质燃烧，交通排放
飞灰	飞灰	主要为Si、Al，有时含少量的Na、Mg、S等	球形	煤炭燃烧
	富钾	富K	球形，对电子束敏感
复杂二次粒子	富硫	富S，含有O	球形，对电子束敏感，变成气泡状	主要来源于大气二次化学反应
	钙硫	CaSO₄	针形和长条状
矿物	晶体矿物	主要含有Si、Al	干的或吸湿性颗粒，单个或复杂聚集体	沙尘，地壳
有机颗粒	有机	主要有EC	电子束下非常稳定	有机颗粒
有机颗粒	焦油球	主要为C	球形，电子束下非常稳定	生物质燃烧
金属颗粒	金属	Fe或Zn	球形或不规则	工业生产

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表 3 不同颗粒物矿物特性分析

Table 3. Analysis of mineral properties of different particles

矿物颗粒物	石英(%)	方解石(%)	钠长石(%)	白云母(%)	斜绿泥石(%)	石膏(%)	白云石(%)	高岭土(%)
甘肃天水	63	14	11	5	4	1	2	0
甘肃静宁	62	15	12	4	4	1	2	0
宁夏银川	57	20	8	7	5	1	2	0
内蒙古托县	51	19	11	4	2	4	6	3
河北石家庄	36	26	8	0	0	8	10	12
山西运城	28	17	12	0	0	24	10	9
河北承德	56	7	25	0	0	0	12	0
四川绵阳	22	6	27	31	0	3	5	6

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