Genesis and Geological Significance of Zircons in Orogenic Peridotite
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摘要: 造山带橄榄岩记录了板块俯冲、碰撞、折返等复杂过程信息，可分为壳源和幔源两种类型.造山带橄榄岩（特别是幔源类型）中锆石极为罕见，锆石内部具有橄榄岩的特征矿物或组合包裹体说明这些锆石可以生长于地幔中.造山带橄榄岩在经历板块汇聚（例如超高压变质等）复杂作用过程中，经历了不同时期的熔/流体的交代作用，对橄榄岩的矿物组合和元素组成都能产生重要影响.橄榄岩中锆石作为典型的交代作用产物，它的形成受控于熔/流体的化学组成、来源属性以及形成物理化学环境等.幔源型造山带橄榄岩中锆石的形成过程可能包括：（1）锆石结晶能力强，在地幔环境变化中Zr优先与其他地幔硅酸盐矿物中的Si结合，形成锆石；（2）原始锆石的溶解和含Zr矿物相（如石榴石等）的破坏或晶间熔体析出，在亚固相线条件下形成锆石；（3）再循环地壳物质来源的熔/流体，交代地幔楔并结晶形成锆石.因此利用锆石可以揭示特定岩石圈域的演化历史，有助于深刻理解大陆克拉通及其边缘过程.Abstract: Orogenic peridotites record the complex geological processes of continental subduction, collision and exhumation, and they can be divided into two types: crustal origin and mantle origin. Zircons are rarely found in orogenic peridotites. The in-situ zircons and zircon inclusions with mantle-rock mineral assemblages indicate that the zircons can grow within the peridotites. During the complex processes of plate aggregation (such as UHP metamorphism), the orogenic peridotites experienced the melt/fluid interaction in different periods, which have an important impact on the mineral and elemental compositions of peridotites. Zircon is one of the typical metasomatic minerals of orogenic peridotites. The zircon formation is controlled by the composition of the melt/fluid, source properties, and the formation of a physical and chemical environment. The mantle-derived zircons from orogenic peridotites have three origins:(1) Zircon has strong crystallization ability, and Zr prefers to combine with Si from silicate minerals in mantle rocks to form zircons. (2) Metamorphic destruction of Zr-bearing mineral phases and precipitation from intergranular melts generated can nucleate zircons under sub-solidus conditions. (3) The melt/fluid from the recycled crust can metasomatize the mantle wedge and form zircons. Thus, zircons can be used to unravel the history of specific lithospheric domains and thus contribute to our understanding of the evolution of continental cratons and their margins.
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Key words:
- orogenic peridotite /
- origin of zircon /
- crystallization capacity /
- Zr saturation /
- mantle metasomatism /
- petrology
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图 1 造山带橄榄岩中锆石全球分布
Fig. 1. Global distribution map of zircon in orogenic peridotite
图 2 造山带橄榄岩交代证据
a.柴北缘胜利口纯橄岩中橄榄石及其包裹体矿物背散射电子图像(杨建军等，2013)；b.橄榄石被斜方辉石包裹；c.早期橄榄石(Ol1)、尖晶石(Sp)和斜方辉石(Opx1)被晚期斜方辉石(Opx2)包裹；d~f.橄榄岩中硅镁石、金云母和磷灰石等交代矿物出现(b~f.出自本文采自大别山毛屋地区).liz.利蛇纹石；atg.叶蛇纹石；cmt.铬铁矿；Ol.橄榄石；Opx.斜方辉石；Sp.尖晶石；Chu.硅镁石；Phl.金云母；Ap.磷灰石
Fig. 2. Evidence of metasomatism in orogenic peridotite
图 3 造山带橄榄岩中的锆石在薄片中出现的证据
a.苏鲁造山带滕家橄榄岩中锆石产生于石英和斜长石之间(Li et al., 2016)；b.苏鲁造山带蒋庄橄榄岩中蛇纹石化橄榄石中包裹原位锆石(Zhang et al., 2005)；c.苏鲁造山带芝麻坊异剥橄榄岩中原位锆石的出现(Zhang et al., 2011)；d.柴达木北缘胜利口橄榄岩辉石岩脉中锆石包裹于石榴子石和斜方辉石中(Xiong et al., 2014).Zrn.锆石；Pl.斜长石；Qz.石英；Bt.黑云母；Srp.蛇纹石；Ol.橄榄石；Amp.角闪石；Phl.金云母；Opx.斜方辉石；Gt.石榴石；Kely.绿泥镁铝榴石
Fig. 3. Evidence for the occurrence of zircons in thin sections of orogenic peridotite
图 4 造山带橄榄岩锆石中的包裹体
a~c.柴达木北缘胜利口橄榄岩锆石中的石榴石、斜方辉石和橄榄石包裹体(Xiong et al., 2011)；d~e.苏鲁造山带滕家橄榄岩锆石中石英和磷灰石包裹体(Li et al., 2016)；f.阿尔卑斯Duria橄榄岩锆石中单斜辉石、角闪石和铀氧化物包裹体(Hermann et al., 2006).Zrn.锆石，Gt.石榴石，Opx.斜方辉石，Ol.橄榄石，Qtz.石英，Ap.磷灰石，Cpx.单斜辉石，Amp.角闪石，U-oxide.铀氧化物
Fig. 4. Inclusions in zircons from orogenic peridotite
图 5 大别-苏鲁造山带橄榄岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf模式年龄分布
图a据Yang et al.(2009a)、Zhang et al.(2005)、Zhao et al.(2006)、Zheng et al.(2006, 2008, 2014)、Rumble et al.(2002)和Li et al.(2016); 图b据Zheng et al.(2014)
Fig. 5. U-Pb age and Hf model age distribution of peridotite in Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt
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