西藏冈底斯西段帮布勒Pb-Zn-Cu矿床晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及意义

田坎; 郑有业; 高顺宝; 姜军胜; 徐净; 张永超

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.349

西藏冈底斯西段帮布勒Pb-Zn-Cu矿床晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.349

田坎^1, ,,
郑有业^1,2, ,,
高顺宝²,
姜军胜³,
徐净⁴,
张永超²

1.
中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心, 湖北武汉 430205
4.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029

基金项目:

青藏高原碰撞造山成矿系统深部结构与成矿过程 2016YFC0600300

西藏仲巴县帮布勒地区铜多金属矿调查评价项目 12120114082301

详细信息

作者简介:
田坎(1987-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从矿物学、岩石学、矿床学研究工作

通讯作者:
郑有业, 教授, 博导

中图分类号: P597
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-15

Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of Late Cretaceous Intrusion from Bangbule Pb-Zn-Cu Deposit, Western Gangdese, Tibet

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Wuhan Centre, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
4.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

摘要

摘要: 帮布勒矿床位于念青唐古拉多金属成矿带西段, 为该成矿带已知新发现的最西端大型矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Cu矿床.矿区内岩浆活动相对单一, 主要发育灰色-浅灰色石英斑岩, 呈岩株、岩脉状产出, 在空间和时间上均与矿化密切相关.为研究石英斑岩的成因及其形成环境, 在详实的野外基础地质工作与室内显微观察基础上, 对其进行岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素分析.结果显示：石英斑岩的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为77.2±0.8 Ma和77.3±0.7 Ma, 形成于晚白垩世；石英斑岩SiO₂含量变化于72.78%~77.12%, K₂O含量为3.80%~5.55%, 铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.88~1.18, 显示高钾钙碱性、偏铝质、高分异I型花岗岩特征；稀土总量变化介于146.89×10^-6~247.89×10^-6, 具轻稀土相对富集, 重稀土亏损的特点, 同时具有明显的Sr、Eu、Nb、Ta、P等异常, 暗示了其岩浆形成中经历了重要的结晶分异过程.石英斑岩的ε_Hf(t)集中于-7.92~-5.73, 对应的地壳模式年龄为1 651~1 121 Ma；全岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i比值为(0.714 8~0.725 8)；ε_Nd(t)值(-9.01~-7.32), 其二阶段Nd模式年龄为1 612~1 477 Ma；铅同位素显示²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别介于18.686~18.781、15.699~15.762和39.131~39.344.帮布勒石英斑岩可能形成于班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲结束后的后碰撞伸展环境, 与拉萨地块中元古代古老基底部分熔融有关；其发现说明了冈底斯带并不存在绝对意义上的喷发静宁期(80~70 Ma), 暗示了区域岩浆活动的连续性.
- 岩石成因 /
- 岩石地球化学 /
- 帮布勒 /
- 冈底斯西段 /
- 西藏 /
- 矿床 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: The Bangbule deposit is located in the western part of the Nyainqing Tanggula Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic metallogenic belt, which is a newly discovered large skarn Pb-Zn-Cu polymetallic deposit in 2010. The magmatic activity in the mining area is relatively simple, with the development of gray-light gray quartz porphyry, which is mainly composed of stock and dyke, and is closely related to the skarn Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization in space and time. In this paper, based on the detailed field basic geological field work and microscopic observation, we study the geochemistry, zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon Hf isotopes of quartz porphyry. The results showed that the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of quartz porphyry is 77.2 ±0.8 Ma and 77.3 ±0.7 Ma, which occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The contents of SiO₂ in quartz porphyry vary from 72.78% to 77.12%, the contents of K₂O are 3.80%~5.55%, and the A/CNK is 0.88-1.18, which showing high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous and high differentiation I-type granite characteristics. Total REE contents are between 146.89×10^-6 and 247.89×10^-6, which is characterized by relative enrichment of light rare earth and depletion of heavy rare earth. It has obvious anomalies such as Sr, Eu, Nb, Ta and P, suggesting that the magma experienced an important crystallization differentiation process. The ε_Hf(t) of quartz porphyry is concentrated in the range of -7.92 to -5.73, and the corresponding crustal model is 1 651-1 121 Ma. The (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i and the ε_Nd(t) are 0.714 8-0.725 8 and -9.01 to -7.32, respectively, with the corresponding second Nd model ages (t_DM²) of 1 612-1 477 Ma. The lead isotopes show that ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb are 18.686-18.781, 15.699-15.762 and 39.131-39.344, respectively. In summary, the Bangbule quartz porphyry may have been formed by the magma derived from partial melting of the Mesoproterozoic Lhasa block during the extension environment in the post collision after Bangong -Nujiang south subduction. The discovery of the Late Cretaceous quartz porphyry in the Bangbule deposit shows that there is no absolute eruption in the Gangdese belt (80-70 Ma), which suggesting the continuity of the regional magmatic activity.
- petrogenesis /
- geochemistry /
- Bangbule deposit /
- western Gangdese /
- Tibet /
- deposits /
- petrology

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图 1 (a) 青藏高原构造分区简图；(b)拉萨地体地质简图

N.Gangdese：北冈底斯；M.Gangdese：中冈底斯；GBAFUB：冈底斯弧背断垄带；S.Gangdese：南冈底斯；锆石年龄引自Zhao et al.(2008)；高顺宝等(2011)；江军华等(2011)；吕立娜等(2011)；定立等(2012)；刘建兵等(2012)；李小赛等(2013)；丁鹏飞等(2014)；王力圆等(2014)；关俊雷等(2014)；于玉帅等(2015)；b图据Zhu et al.(2011)修改

Fig. 1. (a) The Lhasa terrane in the context of the Tibetan Plateau and (b) simplified geologic map of the Lhasa terrane

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图 2 西藏帮布勒矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Cu矿床矿区地质图

Fig. 2. Geological map of the Bangbule Pb-Zn-Cu skarn deposit

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图 3 (a) 西藏帮布勒矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Cu矿床矿区全景；(b)矿区中部露头显示了石英斑岩与矿体接触关系；(c)矿区南部石英斑岩露头特征；(d)典型的剖面图显示石英斑岩与矿体及矽卡岩蚀变的分带特征

Cal.方解石；Qz.石英；Act.阳起石；Grt.石榴子石

Fig. 3. (a) Views of the central part of Bangbule Pb-Zn-Cu skarn deposit, including the positions of quartz porphyry samples, (b) the outcrops in central part of Bangbule showing the relationship between the quartz porphyry and orebody, (c) views of the southeast part of Bangbule, (d) typical part of the exploratory trench (NO. TC27) in Bangbule, which showing the relationship between the quartz porphyry and the orebody

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图 4 石英斑岩代表性的手标本(BBL-1817-b1)(a, b)及对应的单偏光(c)与正交偏光(d)镜下显微照片

Qz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Lm.灰岩(残留)

Fig. 4. Representative hand specimen photographs (a, b) and photomicrographs (c, d) of the analyzed quartz porphyry (sample BBL-1817-b1)

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图 5 帮布勒矿区石英斑岩元素

a.TAS图解(据Middlemost, 1995；IR系列据Irvine and Baragar, 1971)；b.SiO₂-K₂O图解(实线据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976；虚线据Middlemost, 1986)；c.A/CNK-A/NK图解(据Chappell and White, 2001)；d.SiO₂-P₂O₅图解；e.稀土元素配分曲线以及；f.微量元素蛛网图(原始地幔与球粒陨石标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989))

Fig. 5. Discrimination diagrams for the Bangbule quartz porphyry

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图 6 帮布勒矿床石英斑岩锆石阴极发光及U-Pb谐和图

实线圆圈为锆石U-Pb年龄测试位置；虚线为锆石Hf同位素测试位置

Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircons from quartz porphyry samples in the Bangbule deposit

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图 7 西藏拉萨地体晚白垩(80-70 Ma)岩浆岩形成时代直方图

数据引自：Zhao et al.(2008)；高顺宝等(2011)；江军华等(2011)；吕立娜等(2011)；定立等(2012)；刘建兵等(2012)；李小赛等(2013)；丁鹏飞等(2014)；关俊雷等(2014)；王力圆等(2014)；于玉帅等(2015)

Fig. 7. Histogram of literature age data of the plutonic rocks in the Lhasa terrane between 80-70 Ma in Late Cre- taceous

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图 8 西藏帮布勒石英斑岩哈克图解

Fig. 8. Harker diagram of the quartz porphyry in the Bangbule deposit

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图 9 西藏帮布勒石英斑岩结晶分异和源区部分熔融特征

Fig. 9. Characteristics of Bangbule quartz porphyry resulting from crystallization differentiation and partial melting

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图 10 西藏帮布勒石英斑岩Pb同位素组成和Hf同位素图

数据来源：拉萨地块据Gariépy et al.(1985)；南冈底斯中新世斑岩引自Hou et al.(2015)

Fig. 10. Pb isotopes of quartz porphyry from the Bangbule deposit and ε_Hf(t) vs. ages diagrams of quartz porphyry from the Bangbule deposit

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图 11 帮布勒石英斑岩ε_Nd(t) vs.(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i组成

数据来源：雅鲁藏布江洋中脊玄武岩(亏损地幔端元)来自Miller et al.(1999)；侏罗纪弧玄武岩(新生地幔组分)来自Zhu et al.(2008)；中-上地壳来自Hou et al.(2015)；安多正片麻岩(上地壳)来自Guynn et al.(2006)；南冈底斯中新世斑岩来自Hou et al.(2015)；冈底斯北带花岗岩和中部拉萨地体花岗岩来自莫宣学等(2005)

Fig. 11. ε_Nd(t) vs. (⁸⁷Sr /⁸⁶Sr)_i diagram of quartz porphyry from the Bangbule deposit

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表 1 西藏帮布勒矿床石英斑岩全岩Pb同位素特征

Table 1. Pb isotopic compositions of whole rocks from the Late Cretaceous quartz porphyry in Bangbule deposit

样品号	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	μ
BBL-YTl-bl	18.758	15.762	39.344	9.75
BBL-YTl-b2	18.736	15.703	39.231	9.63
BBL-YTl-b3	18.724	15.72	39.19	9.67
BBL-YT3-bl	18.779	15.746	39.312	9.71
BBL-YT3-b3	18.781	15.724	39.274	9.67
BBL-YT3-M	18.765	15.736	39.282	9.69
BBL-YT4-bl	18.728	15.717	39.249	9.66
BBL-YT4-b2	18.746	15.712	39.298	9.65
BBL-YT4-b4	18.686	15.699	39.131	9.63

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