Sinian-Early Cambrian Tectonic-Sedimentary Evolution in Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 前人对四川盆地震旦纪-早寒武世构造-沉积演化的认识存在较大分歧.利用最新的地震、钻井及露头资料，系统论述了四川盆地震旦纪-早寒武世构造-沉积演化特征.四川盆地在陡山沱组沉积前呈现隆坳相间地貌格局，汉南古陆构造高点从陡山沱期到早寒武世持续向北东方向迁移；开江-宣汉古隆起灯一、灯二段沉积期为主要发育时期，古隆起核部出露水面，灯三、灯四段沉积期古隆起规模减小，转为水下隆起，到早寒武世与川中古隆起合并.通过连井剖面、典型井元素测井、野外露头特征综合分析认为德阳-安岳古裂陷槽内发育灯三、灯四段深水沉积.在此基础上总结古裂陷发育模式：古裂陷具有明显的多期发育特征，东侧台地边缘不断向北东方向迁移，灯二段沉积期台缘位于双探地区，灯四段沉积期台缘位于元坝西地区；同时古裂陷具有"北早南晚、先断陷后坳陷"的发育特征，灯影组沉积期在川中-川北发育，具有断陷发育特征，早寒武世裂陷槽转为坳陷发育特征，川南地区开始大规模发育，川中-川北地区持续向北东方向迁移，川北元坝-仁和场-马路背地区转化为深水沉积，发育厚层筇竹寺组烃源岩层系，至早寒武世晚期，古裂陷消亡、被填平补齐.Abstract: There are many different opinions on Sinian-Early Cambrian tectonic-sedimentary evolution in Sichuan Basin.Based on the previous studies, the latest seismic, drilling and outcrop data and the sedimentary evolution characteristics of Sinian-Early Cambrian tectonics in Sichuan Basin are discussed systematically.The analysis shows that the Sichuan Basin has a structural framework with alternative depressions and upheavals before the deposition of Doushantuo Formation.The high point of the Hannan ancient land structure continued migration to the northeast in the sedimentary period of Doushantuo to Early Cambrian.The Kaijiang-Xuanhan ancient uplift in the first and second phase of Dengying Formation sedimentary period is the main developing period, and the top of the ancient uplift may be no longer covered by water.During the third and fourth phase of Dengying Formation sedimentary period, the development of the ancient uplift decreased and turned into the underwater uplift.In the Early Cambrian period, it merged with the ancient uplift in central Sichuan.Based on the analysis of the well connection profile, typical well element logging, field outcrop characteristics and previous research results, our analysis suggests that there is deep-water deposit in the Deyang-Anyue ancient rifting during the third and fourth phase of Dengying Formation sedimentary period.On this basis, the development pattern of ancient rifting is summarized.The Deyang-Anyue ancient rifting has obvious characteristics of multiple stages of development.The edge of the ancient rifting continues to move northeast, the edge of the ancient rifting of the second phase of Dengying Formation sedimentary period is located in the Shuangtan area, while the edge of the ancient rifting of the fourth phase is located in the west of Yuanba.At the same time, the ancient rifting has the development characteristics of "early in the north and late in the south, first fault depression second depression".The ancient rifting developed from the middle to the north of Sichuan during the sedimentary period of Dengying Formation and had the development characteristics of fault depression.In Early Cambrian, the ancient rifting changed into depression, and the South Sichuan area began to develop on a large scale, the edge of the ancient rifting continues to move northeast in the middle to the north of Sichuan.The hydrocarbon source rock of Qiongzhusi Formation was developed as a result of transformation of Yuanba-Renhechang-Malubei area into deep water deposits in northern Sichuan Basin.By the end of the Early Cambrian, the ancient rift had died out and was filled up.
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图 1 四川盆地震旦系沉积前的古构造格局
据杨跃明等(2016)修改
Fig. 1. Paleostructural pattern before Sinian deposition in Sichuan Basin
图 3 德阳-安岳古裂陷两侧灯影组与麦地坪组地层对比
据李双建(2018)修改
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic correlation between the Dengying Formation and the Maidiping Formation on both sides of Deyang-Anyue ancient rift
图 4 ZY1井震旦系-下寒武统元素测井柱状图
据李双建等(2018)修改
Fig. 4. Sinian-Lower Cambrian element log histogram of Well ZY1
图 5 德阳-安岳古裂陷槽内灯影组沉积记录
a.平武金凤剖面，灯影组和下寒武统邱家河组整体面貌；b.平武金凤剖面，灯影组薄层硅质岩和白云岩与邱家河组薄层白云岩呈不整合接触，但灯影组顶部未见溶孔和岩溶角砾；c.绵阳清平剖面，灯影组顶部中层状灰色细晶白云岩与薄层深灰色硅质岩、硅化白云岩互层；d.广元东溪河剖面，灯影组顶部的硅质碎屑岩，代表了斜坡相的硅质碎屑流，证实了斜坡的存在
Fig. 5. Sedimentary record of the Dengying Formation in the Deyang-Anyue ancient rift
图 6 四川盆地龙王庙组-沧浪铺组地层对比
Fig. 6. Stratigraphic correlation of Longwangmiao and Canglangpu formations in Sichuan Basin
图 8 四川盆地灯影组不同时期地层厚度图(a)及古地貌图(b)
Fig. 8. Stratigraphic thickness map (a) and paleogeomorphic map (b) of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin at different periods
图 9 川北典型二维地震剖面古裂陷特征
灯影组底拉平，剖面位置见图 8中AA ’
Fig. 9. The ancient rift characteristics in typical 2D seismic profile in North Sichuan
图 10 川北地区灯影组地层对比
Fig. 10. Stratigraphic correlation of Dengying Formation in North Sichuan
图 11 四川盆地麦地坪组-沧浪铺组地层厚度图(a)和古地貌图(b)
Fig. 11. Stratigraphic thickness map (a) and paleogeomorphic map (b) of Maidiping and Canglangpu formations in Sichuan Basin
图 12 四川盆地龙王庙组地层厚度图
Fig. 12. The stratigraphic thickness map of Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin
图 13 川中-川南地区灯影组地层对比
Fig. 13. Stratigraphic correlation of the Dengying Formation in central Sichuan and southern Sichuan
图 14 川南灯影组典型二维地震剖面
资阳-威远-泸州-綦江地震剖面；灯影组底拉平，剖面位置见图 8中BB’
Fig. 14. Typical 2D seismic profile of Dengying Formation in South Sichuan
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