Geochemical Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Source Rocks and Thermal History in the Huhehu Depression, Hailar Basin
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摘要: 呼和湖凹陷下白垩统烃源岩生油条件好，油气资源潜力大.利用研究区7口钻井270个热解资料和125个镜质体反射率数据，分析了下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征及热演化史.下白垩统烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅲ-Ⅱ2型干酪根，现今热演化程度具有中间高、四周低的特点.主力烃源岩层南屯组属于中等-好烃源岩，在约128 Ma进入生烃门限，现今处于高成熟-生气阶段.大磨拐河组属于差-中等烃源岩，在约124 Ma进入生烃门限，现今处于中等-低成熟阶段，大磨拐河组二段烃源岩至今未进入生烃高峰.热史模拟表明呼和湖凹陷在伊敏组沉积晚期达到最大古地温，地温演化具有先升高后降低的特点.从南屯组沉积至今，地温梯度先升高到50~55℃/km，后逐渐降低为现今的35.4℃/km.早白垩世以来较高的地温场对油气生成、成藏起控制作用.包裹体均一温度结合热演化史结果表明126~87 Ma（伊敏组沉积时期）应是呼和湖凹陷油气主成藏期.晚白垩世以来盆地发生抬升，温度降低，烃源岩生烃强度减弱.Abstract: The Huhehu depression, located in the southern of Hailar basin, has favorable oil generating conditions. 270 pyrolysis data and 125 vitrinite reflectance data from 7 wells in the study area are used to analyze the geochemical characteristics and thermal history of Lower Cretaceous source rocks. Results show that the organic matter types of the Lower Cretaceous source rocks are mainly kerogen type Ⅲ-Ⅱ2, and the thermal maturity of the source rocks is characterized by high in the middle and low on all sides. The Nantun Formation belongs to the medium-good source rock with high maturity, which entered the threshold of hydrocarbon generation about 128 Ma, now in high mature to gas generation stage. The Damoguaihe Formation belongs to the poor-medium source rock, which entered the hydrocarbon generating threshold about 124 Ma, and now in the medium to low mature stage, the second member hydrocarbon source rock of Damoguaihe Formation has not entered the peak of hydrocarbon generation up to now. The simulation results of thermal history show that the Huhehu depression has reached the maximum paleogeotemperature at the end of the sedimentary period of Yimin Formation, and the geothermal evolution has the characteristics of increase firstly and then decrease. From the beginning of the Nantun Formation, the geothermal gradient gradually increased to 50-55℃/km, and then decreased to 35.4℃/km now. The higher geothermal field since the Early Cretaceous controlled the formation and accumulation of oil and gas. The inclusion homogenization temperatures and thermal history results indicate that 126-87 Ma(the sedimentary period of Yimin Formation)should be the main hydrocarbon accumulation period in Huhehu depression. As the strata were denuded, and the temperature decreased, the hydrocarbon generated and hydrocarbon expulsed process became weak due to the uplift of the Hailar basin since Late Cretaceous.
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图 1 呼和湖凹陷位置及钻井分布
Fig. 1. The location and drilling distribution map of Huhehu depression
图 3 呼和湖凹陷HI与热解峰温Tmax关系
Fig. 3. Relationship between HI and themolysis peak temperature Tmax in Huhehu depression
图 4 呼和湖凹陷镜质体反射率与深度关系
Fig. 4. Relation between vitrinite reuflenctance and depth in Huheh depression
图 5 呼和湖凹陷镜质体反射率Ro平面分布
a.大磨拐河组；b.南屯组
Fig. 5. The distribution map of vitrinite reflectance in Huhehu depression
图 6 海参7井古今地温对比
Fig. 6. Comparison of present temperature palaetemperature of Haishen 7
图 7 和1井古今地温对比
Fig. 7. Comparison of present and temperature and palaetemperature of He 1
图 10 呼和湖凹陷包裹体均一温度直方图
Fig. 10. Histogram of the fluid inclusion homogenization temperature in Huhehu depression
图 11 呼和湖凹陷和1井热史模拟与油气主成藏期分析
Fig. 11. Thermal history of He1 and oil-gas accumulation period in Huhehu depression
图 12 呼和湖凹陷沉积速率演化历史
Fig. 12. Sedimentary rate evolution history of the Huhehu depression
表 1 暗色泥岩厚度统计结果
Table 1. Statistics results of dark mudstone thickness
井号 层位 泥岩最大单层厚度（m） 泥岩一般单层厚度（m） 泥岩累计厚度（m） 泥岩占地层总厚（%） 和1 大磨拐河组二段 15 1.5~3.0 163.5 40.5 大磨拐河组一段 90 5~12 500 75.5 南屯组二段 20 3~10 188 58.8 南屯组一段 22 2~5 198 64.9 和2 大磨拐河组二段 9.5 1.5~4.0 136 42.6 大磨拐河组一段 100.5 12~20 452 92.1 南屯组二段 14 3.5~5.0 88 71.5 南屯组一段 5.5 1~3 > 57 28.4 和3 大磨拐河组二段 15 1.5~4.0 91.4 51.9 大磨拐河组一段 83 10~25 250.2 96.6 辉1 大磨拐河组二段 15 1.8~3.0 62.3 21.7 大磨拐河组一段 45 2~6 222.7 55.4 南屯组二段 10 1~3 121.0 46.6 南屯组一段 24 2~4 208.0 40.1 海参7 大磨拐河组二段 16.5 1.2~2.0 106.8 62.3 大磨拐河组一段 25 0.6~1.2 448.4 52.6 南屯组二段 6.4 0.6~2.4 87.4 83.2 南屯组一段 10.8 0.6~1.6 26.4 72.8 和4 大磨拐河组二段 17.9 12.0~23.0 151.4 62.2 大磨拐河组一段 90.0 12.0~16.0 349.5 52.4 南屯组二段 14.0 3.0~6.0 100.2 83.5 南屯组一段 11.0 1.5~4.0 128.5 72.1 
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表 2 呼和湖凹陷南屯组烃源岩有机地化统计结果
Table 2. The organic geochemical statistics results of source rocks of Nantun Formation in Huhehu depression
井号 层位 TOC（%） S1+S2（mg/g） “A”（%） Ro（%） 平均值/测量数 平均值/测量数 平均值/测量数 平均值/测量数 海参7井 南屯组二段 3.11/11 5.44/11 0.041/3 0.93/5 南屯组一段 2.89/4 4.13/4 / / 和1井 南屯组二段 2.82/16 6.88/16 0.0629/12 0.72/7 南屯组一段 1.90/8 2.51/8 0.063/8 / 和2井 南屯组二段 3.31/8 10.00/8 0.217/8 0.59/4 南屯组一段 3.6/2 1.16/2 / / 辉1井 南屯组二段 2.5/12 10.63/12 0.088/5 / 南屯组一段 2.19/17 1.85/17 0.016/6 / 和5井 南屯组二段 2.75/9 3.19/9 0.023/3 0.65/7 南屯组一段 1.63/6 3.34/6 0.369/4 0.84/3 和8井 南屯组二段 2.78/17 2.84/17 0.100/5 0.64/5 南屯组一段 1.04/2 0.31/2 0.087/2 / 和9井 南屯组二段 2.43/67 3.41/67 / / 南屯组一段 1.03/91 1.37/91 / / 注：和5井、和8井数据邢娅（2012），和9井数据刘海英（2010）.
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表 3 呼和湖凹陷大磨拐河组烃源岩有机地化统计
Table 3. The organic geochemical statistics results of source rocks of Damoguaihe Formation in Huhehu depression
井号 层位 TOC（%） S1+S2（mg/g） “A”（%） Ro（%） 平均值/测量数 平均值/测量数 平均值/测量数 平均值/测量数 海参7井 大磨拐河组二段 1.9/12 1.31/18 0.136/13 0.49/12 大磨拐河组一段 2.29/14 2.13/14 0.032/11 0.59/2 和1井 大磨拐河组二段 2.41/5 3.75/5 0.046/26 0.38/3 大磨拐河组一段 2.90/28 4.60/28 0.135/13 0.59/14 和2井 大磨拐河组一段 2.66/12 2.47/12 0.048/12 0.46/1 和3井 大磨拐河组一段 2.20/4 1.71/4 / 0.55/3 和5井 大磨拐河组一段 2.75/9 3.19/9 0.027/9 / 和8井 大磨拐河组一段 2.46/11 6.45/11 0.072/6 / 和9井 大磨拐河组一段 2.15/20 2.94/20 / / 注：和5井、和8井数据邢娅等（2012），和9井数据刘海英等（2010）.
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表 4 呼和湖凹陷和1井下白垩统烃源岩干酪根镜下鉴定结果
Table 4. Kerogen identification results of Lower Cretaceous source rocks of He1 in Huhehu depression
井深（m） 岩性 层位 腐泥组（%） 壳质组（%） 镜质组（%） 惰质组（%） 腐泥组颜色 类型指数 类型 无定形 藻质体 合计 腐殖无定形 其他 合计 818 深灰色泥岩 大磨拐河组二段 65 65 2 2 8 25 黄 35.00 Ⅱ2 982~1 000 碳质泥岩 大磨拐河组二段 1 1 90 9 -76.00 Ⅲ 1 257.5 黑灰色泥岩 大磨拐河组一段 62 62 30 8 黄 31.50 Ⅱ2 1 637.3 黑灰色泥岩 大磨拐河组一段 54 54 3 3 35 8 黄 21.25 Ⅱ2 1 736.7 黑灰色泥岩 大磨拐河组一段 55 55 5 5 25 15 棕黄 23.75 Ⅱ2 1 790 黑灰色泥岩 南屯组二段 57 57 38 5 棕黄 23.50 Ⅱ2 1 832.53 深灰色泥岩 南屯组二段 59 59 3 3 35 3 棕黄 31.25 Ⅱ2 2 220~2 255 碳质泥岩 南屯组一段 1 1 91 8 -77.21 Ⅲ
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表 5 呼和湖凹陷包裹体测温结果
Table 5. The fluid inclusion homogenization temperature in Huhehu depression
编号 井深（m） 层位 岩性 均一温度（℃） 和1-1 1 634.81~1 641.18 大磨拐河组一段 含油细砂岩 90、92、93、94、98、155、156、157、160，163，165，170 和1-2 1 845.13~1 853.70 南屯组二段 砂岩 88、90、92、94、95、96、98、155
157，159，160，165，167，170和2 1 637.24~1 655.10 南屯组二段 油浸粗砂岩 92、96、91、99、98、100、158
159，164，166，167，170，171，175
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