Geological Characteristics and Its Genesis of the Jiling Na-Metasomatic Uranium Deposit in Longshou Mountains, Gansu Province
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摘要: 芨岭钠交代型铀矿床是中国西北部的重要铀矿床.在总结矿床地质特征的基础上，通过流体包裹体、绿泥石温度计、同位素和地球化学特征等研究，认为该矿床形成于早古生代后碰撞阶段.矿床的形成经历了5个阶段，自矿体中心向外分为6个蚀变组合带；成矿流体起源自花岗质岩浆演化晚期，经与围岩交代、反应形成再平衡混合的岩浆水.它是温度为295℃左右、盐度为2.99%~4.57% NaCleqv、密度为0.75~0.77 g/cm3的流体，其中富含U6+、Na+、CO32-等组分，对SiO2、Fe2+、Mn2+、K+和Rb、Sr、Mo、Ga、Zr、Ba等组分有较强的溶蚀或交代能力.流体沸腾是成矿物质的主要卸载机制，pH、Eh值的变化促进了成矿物质的进一步卸载.Abstract: The Jiling Na-metasomatic uranium deposit is one of the most important uranium deposits in NW China. Based on the deposit geological characteristics, we studied the inclusions in calcite, chlorite thermometer, isotope and geochemical characteristics in this paper. We considered that the Jiling uranium deposit was formed under post-collision background in the Early Paleozoic, which has experienced 5 stages, and includes 6 alteration zones from ore center to the edge of Na-metasomatic body. The ore bearing hydrothermal is rebalance water, which is generated from evolutive magma, reacted with wall rocks; its temperature is about 295℃, salinity is 2.99%-4.57% NaCleqv and density is 0.75-0.77 g/cm3.The hydrothermal fluid is rich in U6+, Na+, CO32-, and has strong dissolution ability to SiO2, Fe2+, Mn2+, K+, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ga, Zr and Ba. Fluid boiling is main mechanism of ore deposition, and the changing of pH and Eh has promoted material deposition at the same time.
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图 1 芨岭铀矿床大地构造位置(a)，区域地质（b）及矿床地质简图（c）
Fig. 1. The tectonic location (a), regional (b) and deposit geological map (c) of Jiling uranium deposit
图 2 芨岭矿床13、17、21、25和29号勘探线剖面
Fig. 2. The 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 sections of the Jiling uranium deposit
图 3 芨岭铀矿床岩石学特征（a~f）及沥青铀矿背散射电子图像（g~i）
Ab.钠长石；Ap.磷灰石；Cc.方解石；Cc1.主成矿阶段早期方解石；Cc2.主成矿阶段晚期方解石；Chl.绿泥石；Hem.赤铁矿；Kf.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；U.沥青铀矿
Fig. 3. The petrological characteristics (a-f) and backscattered electron images of pitchblende in Jiling U deposit (g-i)
图 4 芨岭矿床钠交代蚀变似斑状花岗岩中矿物共生关系
Fig. 4. Mineral paragenesis in Na-metasomatic porphyritic granite of the Jiling uranium deposit
图 5 芨岭铀矿床蚀变矿物组合与分带图
Fig. 5. The mineral assemblages and zones picture of the Jiling uranium deposit
图 6 芨岭矿床钠交代似斑状花岗岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(a)和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线图(b)
标准化数值据文献Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 6. The primitive mantle normalizes trace elements spider diagram (a) and chondrite-normalized rare earth elements diagram (b) of altered porphyritic granite in Jiling Uranium deposit
图 7 芨岭铀矿床绿泥石蚀变温度和粉红色方解石脉流体包裹体均一温度直方图(a)与方解石流体包裹体盐度分布直方图(b)
Fig. 7. The histograms of chlorite forming temperatues and fluid inclusions homogenization temperatures in calcite vein (a) and the fluid inclusions salinity histograms (b) of light pink calcite vein in Jiling uranium deposit
图 8 芨岭铀矿床淡粉红色方解石脉流体包裹体NaCl-H2O系统T⁃w⁃ρ图解
Fig. 8. The T⁃w⁃ρ diagram for NaCl⁃H2O system of light pink calcitedyke in Jiling uranium deposit
图 9 芨岭铀矿床钠交代似斑状花岗岩中各蚀变带地球化学组分迁移Ci0-CiA图解
a.细脉状绿泥石化带；b.粉红色方解石化带；c.雪花状方解石化带；d.赤铁矿化带；e.假象绿泥石化带；f.硅化带
Fig. 9. The Ci0-CiA diagrams of altered zones in Na-metasomatic porphyritic granite in Jiling uranium deposit
图 10 芨岭铀矿床U与多组分地球化学图解（a~e）及SiO2-P2O5关系图解（f）
Fig. 10. The diagrams of U with some components (a－e) and SiO2-P2O5 (f) diagrams
图 11 芨岭矿床及外围不同产状方解石中δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW温度模型
Fig. 11. The δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW temperature model of calcite in and aroud Jiling uranium deposit
图 12 芨岭铀矿床绿泥石Si-Fe分类图解（a）和不同产状方解石δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW（b）
底图据刘家军等（2004）
Fig. 12. The Si-Fe classification diagram of chlorites (a) and δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW diagram (b) of calcites
图 13 芨岭铀矿床淡粉红色方解石脉流体温度和密度演化图解(a)和绿泥石T-Fe/(Fe+Mg)图解(b)
Fig. 13. The temperature-salinity diagram (a) of light pink calcite vein and T-Fe/(Fe+Mg) diagram (b) of chlorites in Jiling uranium deposit
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