Mineralization Characteristics of the Laoliwan Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit and Geochemical Features of the Ore-Bearing Granite Porphyry in the Southern North China Craton: Implications for Ore Genesis
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摘要: 老里湾银铅锌矿床位于华北克拉通南缘崤山断隆带内，是崤山地区首次发现的大型矿床.其矿体主要赋存于老里湾花岗斑岩体内，同时受断裂构造控制，与区域银铅锌矿床的地质特征明显不同.矿床地质研究表明，老里湾银铅锌成矿作用可分为热液期和表生期，其中热液期又可分为4个成矿阶段：石英-菱铁矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-重晶石-方解石阶段.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，两件老里湾花岗斑岩样品的成岩年龄分别为129.0±1.7 Ma、129.0±1.1 Ma.岩石地球化学分析表明，该岩体具有高硅、富碱、准铝质-弱过铝质的特点，富集LREE、Rb、Ba、Sr、Pb等大离子亲石元素，亏损HREE、Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素，具有弱的负Eu异常.综合分析表明，老里湾花岗斑岩体与区域同时期岩体具有相似的地球化学特征，它们的侵位可能与中国东部中生代构造大转折及岩石圈减薄相关.结合矿化特征及区域成岩成矿年代学数据，认为老里湾银铅锌矿床成矿时代应稍晚于花岗斑岩，二者并没有直接的成因联系，但可能为同一深部岩浆房活动的产物.崤山地区断裂带和岩体交汇处是寻找银铅锌矿床的有利部位，这一认识得到了近期老里湾北部中河地区的银铅锌勘查工作的验证.同小秦岭、熊耳山地区相比，崤山地区整体剥蚀较浅，老里湾银铅锌矿体深部还具有寻找斑岩型钼矿床的潜力.Abstract: The newly discovered Laoliwan large Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the Xiaoshan district, southern margin of North China Craton, which is different from other types of Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in the area since the ore bodies are mainly hosted in the Laoliwan granite porphyry and controlled by the regional faults. The mineralization could be subdivided into two periods:the hydrothermal period and the supergene period. The hydrothermal period consists of four stages:the quartz-siderite stage, the quartz-pyrite stage, the quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage, and the quartz-carbonate stage. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of two samples from the Laoliwan granite porphyry are 129.0±1.7 Ma and 129.0±1.1 Ma, respectively, indicating the granite porphyry intruded during Early Cretaceous. Based on the rock geochemical analysis, the granite porphyry is characterized by high silicon, high alkali, and weak peraluminous. The REE and trace elements characteristics display enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LREE, Rb, Ba, Sr, Pb) and depletion of high-field elements (HREE, Nb, Ta, Ti, P) and moderately negative anomaly of Eu. These features are similar with other Early Cretaceous granites in the area, indicating the magmatic activities are probably related to contemporaneous tectonic transition and lithosphere thinning in eastern China. Based on mineralization characteristics and regional geochronological data, it is supposed that the Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization formed later than the granite porphyry and they have no direct genetic relationships. However, they may be the products of activities of the same deep magma chamber. This study of the Laoliwan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit suggests that the superposition of faults and granite rocks could be the prospective places for exploring Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in the Xiaoshan disctrit, which is confirmed by the recent prospecting work at Zhonghe which is in north of Laoliwan. Compared with Xiaoqinling and Xiong'ershan area, the exhumation of the Xiaoshan area is quite shallower. It is potential to find porphyry molybdenum deposit under the Ag-Pb-Zn ore bodies of Laoliwan.
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Key words:
- Xiaoshan district /
- Laoliwan /
- Ag-Pb-Zn deposit /
- ore genesis /
- ore prospecting /
- geochemistry
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图 1 华北克拉通南缘地质矿产简图
Fig. 1. The simplified geological map of the southern margin of North China Craton
图 2 崤山地区地质构造简图(a)；老里湾银铅锌矿床矿区地质图(b)；老里湾矿床3号勘探线剖面(c)
图a据朱静(2015)修改；图b据河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质勘查院, 2015, 河南省洛宁县老里湾银矿勘探报告修改；图c位置见图2b中ab
Fig. 2. Simplified geological and structural map of the Xiaoshan district (a); geological map of the Laoliwan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit (b); No.3 exploration line in Laoliwan deposit (c)
图 3 老里湾花岗斑岩显微镜下特征
a.具振荡环带的钾长石斑晶；b.浑圆状石英斑晶；c.黑云母斑晶被白云母及方解石交代；d.蚀变角闪石残余，仍可见两组解理，蚀变矿物为绢云母集合体；Kfs.钾长石；Qtz.石英；Ms.白云母；Srt.绢云母；Cal.方解石；Hbl.普通角闪石
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the Laoliwan granite porphyry
图 4 老里湾矿床典型矿石特征
a.致密块状银铅锌矿石；b.浸染状银铅锌矿石；c.网脉状银铅锌矿石；d.铅锌矿石中的自然银
Fig. 4. Characteristics of typical ores in the Laoliwan deposit
图 5 银铅锌矿石矿物组成及结构特征
a~f是反光显微镜照片，g~i是扫描电子显微镜照片.a.黄铜矿和闪锌矿呈固溶体出溶结构；b.黄铁矿被方铅矿交代；c.黄铜矿包裹黄铁矿及脉状黄铁矿；d.黄铁矿环带，边部环带内包裹铅锌矿；e.黄铜矿和硫铜银矿的出溶结构；f.硫铜银矿交代周围的黄铜矿以及自然银；g.辉铜矿和硫铜银矿呈竹叶状；h.黄铜矿与硫铜银矿呈固溶体出溶结构；i.辉铜银矿及硫铜银矿呈镶边状包裹自然银.Ag.自然银；Stm.硫铜银矿；Gn.方铅矿；Sp.闪锌矿；Ttr.黝铜矿；Cp.黄铜矿；Py.黄铁矿；Cv.铜蓝；Cha.辉铜矿；Brt.重晶石；Jal.辉铜银矿
Fig. 5. Minerals and structures of the Ag-Pb-Zn ores
图 6 热液期成矿阶段及矿物生成顺序
Fig. 6. Stages of hydrothermal mineralization and corresponding mineral sequences
图 7 老里湾花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb谐和图
a.样品LLW-01；b.样品LLW-138
Fig. 7. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram for the Laoliwan granite porphyry
图 8 老里湾花岗斑岩SiO2-K2O图解(a)以及A/CNK-A/NK图解(b)；老里湾花岗斑岩和崤山及周围地区其他花岗岩体(阴影区域)的微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(c)和稀土元素配分模式(d)
图a, b底图据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)、Rickwood(1989)；标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)，数据来源据肖鸿等(2012)；李磊等(2013)、聂政融等(2015)
Fig. 8. SiO2-K2O (a) and A/CNK-A/NK (b) diagrams of the Laoliwan granite porphyry; primitive mantle normalized spider diagrams (c) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (d) for the Laoliwan granite porphyry and Xiaoshan and its adjacent area (shadow area in the figures c and d), respectively
图 9 华北克拉通南缘早白垩世岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄分布
数据来源：李永峰等(2006)、叶会寿(2006)、郭波等(2009)、姚军明等(2009)、Mao et al.(2010)、高昕宇等(2010, 2012)、焦建刚等(2010)、王义天等(2010)、胡浩等(2011)、齐秋菊等(2012)、向君峰等(2012)、肖娥等(2012)、Li et al.(2013a)、Liang et al.(2013)、程知言等(2013)、李占轲(2013)、卢仁等(2013, 2014)、齐玥(2014)、梁涛等(2014, 2015)、聂政融等(2015)、Wang et al.(2016)、曹晶等(2016)
Fig. 9. Zircon U-Pb age histograms of the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the southern of the North China Craton
图 10 老里湾花岗斑岩体与华北克拉通南缘晚中生代花岗岩Yb(a)及Sr/Y(b)的特征
底图据Gao and Zhao(2017)修改；红色圆圈代表老里湾斑岩体数据；蓝色和红色区域代表华北克拉通晚中生代花岗岩数据的范围
Fig. 10. The characteristic of Yb (a) and Sr/Y (b) in Laoliwan granite prophyry and Late Mesozoic granitoids in the southern margin of the North China Craton
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