Characteristics and Research of Heat Flow in the Northwest Sub-Basin and Its Adjacent Areas of the South China Sea
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摘要: 西北次海盆是南海海盆的一个重要构造单元，揭示西北次海盆的地热流特征对于整体认识南海海盆热状态和热结构至关重要.沿着OBS2006-1地震剖面采集的一批实测地热流数据显示，该热流探测剖面横穿南海北部陆坡、西北次海盆、中沙隆起、东部次海盆4个构造单元，结合地震解释剖面等资料对西北次海盆进行地热流特征分析及研究.结果表明：西北次海盆的平均热流密度值为104.5±9.9 mW/m2，与中沙隆起相邻的东部次海盆北部的平均热流密度值为97±2.5 mW/m2，热流密度值的空间变化与地幔埋深起伏相对应，并受地幔热源所控制；通过研究热流异常点，发现水深相近的相邻站位之间的海底表层沉积物温度差异是判别测站受海底地下水热循环影响程度和类型的依据之一；用最新海洋地热流探测成果，结合区域地质与地球物理资料，推测西北次海盆形成演化时代与西南次海盆相近，只是它的生命史比较短暂.Abstract: The Northwest sub-basin (NW sub-basin) is an important tectonic unit in the South China Sea. It is of great importance to reveal the geothermal characteristics of the NW sub-basin for the better understanding of thermal and thermal structures of the basins of South China Sea. We have collected a series of measured heat flow data along the OBS2006-1 seismic profile. This heat flow profile crosses four tectonic units, including the northern slope of the South China Sea, the NW sub-basin, the Zhongsha rise and the east sub-basin. With the seismic interpretation profile, this paper analyzes and studies in detail the heat flow characteristics. The results show that the average heat flow value is 104.5±9.9 mW/m2 in the NW sub-basin, and the average heat flow value in the northern part of the East sub-basin is 97±2.5 mW/m2, the change trend of the heat flow values is similar to that of the Moho depth, which manifests that the deep thermal state is controlled by the source of mantle heat. By studying the anomalies of heat flow, it is found that the temperature difference between the seabed surface sediments in adjacent sites is one of the basis for judging the degree and type of groundwater thermal cycling. With the latest ocean heat flow detection results, combined with regional geology and geophysical data, it is suggested that the formation of the NW sub-basin is similar to that of the Southwest sub-basin, but with relatively shorter history.
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Key words:
- Northwest sub-basin /
- heat flow /
- oceanic crust /
- age /
- geophysics
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图 1 南海西北次海盆构造位置与地热流测站分布
a.研究区位置(白点为ODP或者IODP钻站位置，断线为海底磁异常条带)；b.地热流测站分布
Fig. 1. The tectonic location of the NW sub-basin and the distribution of heat flow station
图 2 沿SO49-18剖面的热流剖面
据Ding et al.(2012)；吴振利等(2011)修改
Fig. 2. The heat flow profile along SO49-18 profile
图 4 海盆热流-洋壳年龄关图
a.Parsons and Sclater(1977)的洋壳年龄与热流关系；b.实测热流与Briais et al.(1993)洋壳年龄关系曲线
Fig. 4. The relationship diagram of ocean basin heat flow and oceanic crust age
表 1 HYIV20160829航次中的地热流测量结果
Table 1. The results of heat flow measurements in HYIV20160829 expedition
站名 北纬(°) 东经(°) 水深(m) 海底水温(℃) 地温梯度(℃/km) 热导率(W/mK) 热流密度值(mW/m2) 探测深度(m) L01 19.083 5 114.350 1 1 341 3.364 73.7 0.936 68.9 4.0 L02 18.583 3 114.600 1 3 620 2.342 140.8 0.797 112.2 4.0 L03 18.316 8 114.716 7 3 644 2.337 133.0 0.801 106.5 4.0 L04 18.083 5 114.816 8 3 705 2.372 10.1 0.810 8.2 4.0 L04-1 18.050 0 114.833 5 3 700 2.369 58.5 0.806 47.2 4.0 L05 17.850 0 114.950 1 3 708 2.365 135.4 0.851 115.2 4.0 L06 17.566 8 115.066 8 3 703 2.370 113.6 0.820 93.1 4.0 L07 17.333 5 115.166 7 2 198 2.521 85.7 0.826 70.7 4.0 L08 17.100 1 115.300 1 2 336 2.449 29.6 0.826 24.4 4.0 L09 16.816 8 115.416 7 3 956 2.396 111.5 0.885 98.7 4.0 L10 16.583 4 115.550 1 4 077 2.418 116.1 0.820 95.2 4.0 L11-1 16.500 0 115.616 7 4 109 2.410 157.7 0.909 143.4 4.0 L12 18.000 0 114.583 5 3 585 2.363 117.8 0.811 95.5 4.0 L13 18.200 1 114.766 8 3 625 2.354 18.4 0.808 14.9 4.0 注：表中地温梯度值已经过角度校正，热导率值已经过温压校正. 
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