Generation Paleoenvironment and Its Controlling Factors of Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Changling Depression, South Songliao Basin
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摘要: 恢复烃源岩形成时期的古环境，落实优质烃源岩发育主控因素对确定湖相烃源岩发育层系及刻画烃源岩非均质性意义重大.利用岩石学、元素地球化学对长岭断陷早白垩世火石岭期至营城期的古环境进行恢复，并对反映古环境的微量元素含量及其比值与有机碳含量(Total Organic Carbon, TOC)进行相关性分析，确定控制湖相烃源岩发育的主要环境因素.研究表明，从火石岭期至沙河子期，再到营城期，长岭断陷经历了古水深从变深到变浅，古气候从潮湿-半潮湿气候到半干旱气候，古盐度从淡水相到半咸水相，湖泊水体还原性从增强到减弱的古环境演化过程，早白垩世不同时期长岭断陷古环境表现出明显的分带性，古气候和氧化还原条件是控制长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩发育的主要环境因素.长岭断陷沙河子组二段烃源岩形成于潮湿与缺氧的古环境，该时期湖盆演化处于均衡补偿阶段，且烃源岩古生产力较高，因此研究区沙河子组二段优质烃源岩十分发育，分布广.Abstract: Heterogeneity study of lacustrine source rocks relys heavily on a deeper understanding of paleoenvironment and the major controlling factors on their formation. Based on element geochemical and petrological analyses of the paleoenvironment of the Early Cretaceous (from K1h to K1yc) in Changling depression., the main controlling factors of organic source rocks development were analyzed according to the characteristics of its tectonics and sedimentary and the primary productivity of the source rocks in this study. Results show that from K1h period to K1sh stage to K1yc stage, Changling depression experienced paleo-water depth change from deep to shallow, palaeoclimate from humid-semi-humid to semi-arid, palaesalinity from fresh water to brackish water, and reduction condition from enhanced to weakened. From K1sh period to K1yc, the paleoenvironment of Changling depression shows obvious zonation; The correlation between trace element indexs indicating the paleoclimate and water reduction and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) of the source rock samples is significant, while the correlation between the trace element indexs indicating the paleosalinity and TOC of the source rock samples is small. So the paleoclimatic and redox conditions are the main environmental factors of the development of Lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in Changling fault depression; K1sh2 Formation high quality source rock which developed in equilibrium compensation stage, humid climate, hypoxia and high initial productivity is widely distributed. Followed by K1sh1 Formation and K1h2 Formation, the organic source rock of K1yc Formation is relatively developed in the south and east, and the distribution is relatively limited.
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图 1 长岭断陷地理位置(a)及构造区划(b)
Fig. 1. Location of Changling depression (a) and tectonic division (b)
图 2 长岭断陷下白垩统沉积充填及断陷期构造演化
Fig. 2. The sedimentary filling features of the lower Cretaceous and structural evolution in early Cretaceous
图 3 长岭断陷下白垩统烃源岩TOC与S1+S2关系
Fig. 3. w(TOC)-S1+S2 crossplot of the lower Cretaceous source rocks in Changling depression
图 4 长岭断陷下白垩统烃源岩干酪根碳同位素直方图
Fig. 4. The histogram of kerogen carbon isotopes of the lower Cretaceous source rocks in Changling depression
图 5 长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩元素含量比Sr/Cu与古气候指数关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between Sr/Cu and paleoclimatic index in lacustrine source rocks of the lower Cretaceous samples from Changling depression
图 6 长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩元素含量比V/Cr与Ni/Co关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between V/Cr and Ni/Co in lacustrine source rocks of the lower Cretaceous samples from Changling depression
图 7 长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩元素含量比Sr/Ba与Sr含量关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between Sr/Ba and Sr in lacustrine source rocks of the lower Cretaceous samples from Changling depression
图 8 龙凤山地区B2井下白垩统湖相烃源岩元素标志与古环境恢复
Fig. 8. Identification of the paleoenvironment by the vertical distribution of element contents in the lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks of B2 well from Longfengshan area, Changling depression
图 9 伏龙泉地区SL3井下白垩统湖相烃源岩元素标志与古环境恢复
Fig. 9. Identification of the paleoenvironment by the vertical distribution of element contents in the lower Cretaceous lacustrine s Changling depression
图 10 长岭断陷下白垩统烃源岩微量元素含量及其比值与TOC关系
反映氧化还原条件的参数：微量元素含量Cr、Ni、V，元素含量比Ni/Co与V/Cr；反映古气候的参数：微量元素含量Cu，古气候指数，元素含量比Fe/Cu与Sr/Cu；反映古盐度的参数：微量元素含量Sr，元素含量比Sr/Ba与Sr/Ca
Fig. 10. Relationship between the element contents or its ratio and TOC in lacustrine source rocks of the lower Cretaceous samples from Changling depression
图 11 长岭断陷下白垩统烃源岩反映古生产力的微量元素参数与TOC关系
Fig. 11. Relationship between TOC and trace element parameters reflected paleoproductivity of lacustrine source rocks of the lower Cretaceous samples from Changling depression
表 1 SL3井下白垩统元素标志、水体相对深度及沉积环境划分
Table 1. Element indexes, relative water depth and sedimentary environments of the lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks of SL3 well
层位 泥岩主要颜色 暗地比
(%)Fe/Mn (Al+Fe)/(Ca+Mg) 反映古水深 参考指标范围 范围 均值 范围 均值 营四段 灰色、褐色 17 43~54 49 4.5~8.3 6.8 三角洲平原 深湖：Fe/Mn＜30，(Al+Fe)/(Ca+Mg)＜2.5；半深湖：30＜Fe/Mn＜40，2.5＜(Al+Fe)/(Ca+Mg)＜5.0；滨浅湖：Fe /Mn＞40，(Al+Fe)/(Ca+Mg)＞5.0 营三段 灰色、深灰色 40 43~49 46 5.8~7.6 6.7 滨浅湖 营二段 灰色 66 42~53 46 6.0~7.5 6.5 滨浅湖 营一段 灰色 13 34~46 41 6.9~8.9 7.9 滨浅湖 沙二段 黑色、深灰色 82 17~52 37 0.7~5.6 2.9 深湖 沙一段 深灰色，顶部灰黑色 66 28~48 39 3.6~5.8 4.7 半深湖 火二段 深灰色 25 38~65 48 5.0~8.2 6.6 滨浅湖 
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表 2 古盐度微量元素判断指标
Table 2. Trace element index for paleosalinity recognition in samples
判断指标 淡水 半咸水 咸水 Sr丰度(10-6) ＜300 300~500 ＞500 Sr/Ba ＜0.6 0.6~1.0 ＞1.0 注：据郑荣才和柳梅青(1999)；李进龙和陈东敬(2003).
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