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    西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床的成岩成矿时代与岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及辉钼矿Re-Os定年

    张志 宋俊龙 唐菊兴 王立强 姚晓峰 李志军

    张志, 宋俊龙, 唐菊兴, 王立强, 姚晓峰, 李志军, 2017. 西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床的成岩成矿时代与岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及辉钼矿Re-Os定年. 地球科学, 42(6): 862-880. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.523
    引用本文: 张志, 宋俊龙, 唐菊兴, 王立强, 姚晓峰, 李志军, 2017. 西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床的成岩成矿时代与岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及辉钼矿Re-Os定年. 地球科学, 42(6): 862-880. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.523
    Zhang Zhi, Song Junlong, Tang Juxing, Wang Liqiang, Yao Xiaofeng, Li Zhijun, 2017. Petrogenesis, Diagenesis and Mineralization Ages of Galale Cu-Au Deposit, Tibet: Zircon U-Pb Age, Hf Isotopic Composition and Molybdenite Re-Os Dating. Earth Science, 42(6): 862-880. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.523
    Citation: Zhang Zhi, Song Junlong, Tang Juxing, Wang Liqiang, Yao Xiaofeng, Li Zhijun, 2017. Petrogenesis, Diagenesis and Mineralization Ages of Galale Cu-Au Deposit, Tibet: Zircon U-Pb Age, Hf Isotopic Composition and Molybdenite Re-Os Dating. Earth Science, 42(6): 862-880. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.523

    西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床的成岩成矿时代与岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及辉钼矿Re-Os定年

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.523
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160015

    公益性行业科研专项 201511017

    国家自然科学基金项目 41402178

    成都地质调查中心所控基金项目 所控基[2015]-06

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张志(1985-),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事青藏高原地质矿产勘查评价研究.ORCID:0000-0002-0947-0290.E-mail:tancer@qq.com

    • 中图分类号: P641.3

    Petrogenesis, Diagenesis and Mineralization Ages of Galale Cu-Au Deposit, Tibet: Zircon U-Pb Age, Hf Isotopic Composition and Molybdenite Re-Os Dating

    • 摘要: 西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床作为构造背景反演指示针的成岩成矿年代学研究较为匮乏,使得该成矿带区域背景-构造-岩浆-成矿活动系列研究步履维艰,利用LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)锆石U-Pb测年、辉钼矿Re-Os定年及Lu-Hf同位素技术,首次全面厘定了区内侵入岩侵位时序、探讨了岩石成因并确定了成矿时代.结果表明,成矿前闪长岩成岩年龄为155.8±2.3 Ma,侵位于晚侏罗世初期,εHf(t)值分布于-14.68~-8.34,平均值-11.74,是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲的产物;花岗闪长岩为矿区成矿母岩,其成岩年龄为88±1 Ma(MSWD=0.56,n=21),εHf(t)值分布于5.84~9.20,平均值7.72,成矿后花岗斑岩成岩年龄为84.67±0.80 Ma(MSWD=1.9,n=18),εHf(t)值分布于6.32~9.78,平均值8.40,二者均为晚白垩世侵位,为拉萨地体与羌塘地体汇聚的产物;矿区辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为88.55±0.60 Ma(MSWD=0.60,n=8),与成矿母岩(花岗闪长岩)成岩年龄一致.研究表明,在班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲至碰撞过程中在矿区内均有相应的岩浆活动响应,嘎拉勒铜金矿床则为典型的碰撞期成矿作用的产物.

       

    • 横贯青藏高原中部的班公湖-怒江缝合带作为冈瓦纳大陆的北界(Yin and Harrison, 2000;潘桂堂等,2004;Zhu et al., 2011),是冈底斯陆块与羌塘陆块的分界线(任纪舜和肖黎薇,2004),同时发育着一条巨型铜金矿带,被业界认为是西藏三大成矿带之一.鉴于该结合带整体工作程度较低,研究与勘查工作均比较滞后,使得成矿带大地构造背景问题长久以来争论颇多,主要有两种观点:一种认为缝合带早在早白垩世初就已碰撞闭合(Pearce and Deng,1988; Kapp et al., 2003曲晓明等,2012);另一种观点则认为班公湖-怒江缝合带闭合时间可能延迟到早白垩世中晚期(秦克章等,2006李光明等,2007耿全如等,2011Li et al., 2011, 2014Zhu et al., 2011, 2013).区域构造背景不清楚,同时,作为构造背景反演指示针的成岩成矿年代学研究也较为匮乏,使得人们对该成矿带区域背景-构造-岩浆-成矿活动系列研究步履维艰.因此,更多典型矿床精确的成岩成矿年代学、地球化学研究工作对于探索班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲至碰撞的岩浆活动及成矿作用响应来说至关重要.

      嘠拉勒大型铜金矿床位于班公湖-怒江成矿带西段(图 1a),是成矿带南缘最为典型的矽卡岩型铜金矿床(唐菊兴等,2013张志等, 2013a, 2013b),其金资源量已超过40 t,铜资源量超过15×104 t.目前矿床总体研究程度不高,唐菊兴等(2013)通过对矿区成矿地质条件的系统总结,查明了矿床地质特征,总结了成矿规律,认为成矿主要与晚燕山期侵位的花岗闪长岩有关,并指出了新的找矿方向;张志等(2013a)对矿区主要侵入岩进行了岩石地球化学特征研究,结果表明区内侵入岩为准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩石系列,显示出埃达克岩地球化学性质,并指出矿区主要侵入岩形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋闭合后碰撞隆升阶段;张志等(2013b)对矿床地质特征进行了系统总结,厘定了成矿阶段与成矿期次,同时对矿区矽卡岩进行了详细的矿物学特征研究,指出矿区矽卡岩为一套典型的镁质矽卡岩,并具有典型的矿物学分带及相应的矿化分带;张志等(2015)对矿区朗久组火山岩进行年代学及地球化学研究,获得朗久组火山角砾岩成岩年龄为141.70±0.47 Ma(MSWD=0.43),地球化学特征显示出典型的弧火山岩特征,指出其形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲阶段.可以看出,矿床目前研究程度较为薄弱,特别是针对矿区全面的成岩-成矿作用基础性研究亟待进行.本文利用LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)锆石U-Pb测年、辉钼矿Re-Os定年及Lu-Hf同位素示踪技术,确定矿床成矿年龄的同时,对区内闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及花岗斑岩3类主要侵入岩进行了精确的年代学及岩浆源区示踪研究,结合前人研究资料全面揭示区内岩浆岩演化历程,探讨区内成岩-成矿作用,揭示矿床成因.

      图  1  班公湖-怒江成矿带及邻区构造单元分布(a)与嘎拉勒铜金矿床地质简图(b)
      Ⅰ.羌塘-三江造山系;Ⅰ1.玉龙塔格-巴颜喀拉前陆盆地;Ⅰ2.西金乌兰湖-金沙江-哀牢山结合带;Ⅰ3.昌都-兰坪地块;Ⅰ4.北羌塘-甜水海陆块;Ⅱ1.龙木错-双湖-澜沧江蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅲ1.多玛地块;Ⅲ2.南羌塘盆地;Ⅲ3.扎普-多不杂岩浆弧带;Ⅳ.左贡地块;Ⅴ.班公湖-怒江缝合带;Ⅴ1.班公湖-怒江蛇绿混杂带;Ⅴ2.聂荣地块;Ⅴ3.嘉玉桥地块;Ⅵ.冈底斯岩浆弧;Ⅵ1.那曲-洛隆弧前盆地;Ⅵ2.昂龙岗日-班戈岩浆弧;Ⅵ3.狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅵ4.措勤-申扎岩浆弧;Ⅵ5.龙格尔-工布江达复合岩浆弧;1.第四系;2.白垩系朗久组;3.白垩系捷嘎组;4.花岗闪长岩;5.石英闪长岩;6.闪长岩;7.矽卡岩;8.研究区;9.不明性质断层及编号;10.平移断层及编号;11.地质界线;12.矿体编号及范围;13.平硐;14.采样点
      Fig.  1.  Tectonic units of Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt and its neighboring areas (a) and generalized geological map of the Glale Cu-Au deposit (b)

      嘎拉勒矿区位于班公湖-怒江缝合带措勤-申扎火山岩浆弧的最西端,北部紧邻狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带(图 1a).在缝合带构造演化过程中,该缝合带附近岩浆及构造活动强烈,为岩浆活动提供了丰富的成矿物质来源,而强烈的构造运动则为矿体的储存提供了空间,找矿潜力巨大.嘎拉勒矿区属于冈底斯-腾冲地层区,措勤-申扎分区,区域上广泛分布石炭纪-白垩纪碳酸盐岩,为形成矽卡岩型矿床的有利围岩,矿区内最主要的矽卡岩型铜金矿体便是由燕山期中酸性侵入岩与白垩纪碳酸盐岩经接触交代而形成.

      矿区出露地层较为简单,主要由白垩系朗久组(K1l)与捷嘎组(K1jg)及第四系松散堆积物(Q)组成(图 1b).朗久组主要分布于矿区西部及北部,岩性组合为一套流纹质-英安质火山碎屑岩,张志等(2015)报道了区内朗久组火山岩年龄为141.7±0.7 Ma,火山活动时代为早白垩世初.捷嘎组地层为区内成矿地层,主要分布在矿区中部及南部,岩性主要为以白云岩及白云质大理岩为主的碳酸盐岩.矿区构造主要为断裂构造,目前共发育有4条断裂,其中F1为倾向南的逆冲断层,F2为倾向北东的正断层,F4断层具走滑性质,F3断层性质暂不明,目前资料表明F1及F2断层为成矿后断层,对矿体具有一定的破坏作用.矿区内侵入岩主要有花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、闪长岩及花岗斑岩,与成矿关系密切的为花岗闪长岩.在野外可明显见到花岗闪长岩脉及石英闪长岩侵入到闪长岩中,表明花岗闪长岩及石英闪长岩侵位时代晚于闪长岩(图 2a),闪长岩多呈岩株状产出并形成高地,周围多为朗久组火山碎屑岩及捷嘎组碳酸盐岩环绕,但皆无明显的热液蚀变、岩脉穿插及流体逃逸等现象,表明区内白垩系地层可能为上覆地层,闪长岩侵位世代较早.

      图  2  嘎拉勒矿区岩浆岩关系露头(a)及KT2矿体02号勘探线(b)勘探线剖面
      Fig.  2.  Outcrop of the relationship of the diorite and granodiorite (a) and No.02 (b) exploration of KT2 of the Galae deposit

      矿区已查明10余个矽卡岩型铜金矿体,其中KT2、KT3、KT8三个矿体为矿区主矿体,其次为KT4矿体(图 1b),均赋存于花岗闪长岩与白云岩或白云质大理岩接触带矽卡岩内,矿体呈透镜状、层状、似层状等产出(图 2b).矿床成矿元素矿化特点从浅部到深部具有Cu+Au→Cu+Au+Fe→Mo±Cu的分带特点,与之相对应的矿化赋存类型为矽卡岩型矿化向石英脉型矿化演变,目前矿区工业矿体主要为铜金矿体,而相对深部的石英脉中辉钼矿现今发现较少,还不能单独圈出具有经济价值的工业矿体(张志等,2013b).矿床蚀变主要可见矽卡岩化、硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、绢云母化、高岭土化等,以矽卡岩化、硅化为主.矿区金属矿物种类繁多,主要可见有黄铜矿、自然金、磁铁矿、黄铁矿,其次可见有铜兰、孔雀石、辉钼矿、褐铁矿、赤铁矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、蓝辉铜矿、针铁矿等.非金属矿物主要为一套镁质矽卡岩矿物,为中酸性岩浆岩与白云岩经接触交代而成(张志等,2013b).矿石结构主要可见半自形-他形粒状结构、包含结构等结晶结构,较为发育交代残留结构,少量固溶体分离结构;矿石构造主要可见稀疏-稠密浸染状、团块状构造,其次较为发育条带状构造,局部可见晶洞构造(图 3a~3d).

      图  3  嘎拉勒矿床矿石组构特征
      a.条带状磁铁矿;b.含黄铜矿、黄铁矿矽卡岩中石英晶洞;c.针铁矿交代黄铜矿;d.黄铜矿与斑铜矿呈固溶体分离结构.Mt.磁铁矿;Cp.黄铜矿;Py.黄铁矿;Go.针铁矿;Bn.斑铜矿;SK.矽卡岩
      Fig.  3.  The ore textures and structures of the Glale deposit

      张志等(2013b)将矿床成矿过程分为了岩浆热液成矿期与表生期2个成矿期,其中岩浆热液成矿期可分为4个阶段,包括早期矽卡岩阶段(以石榴子石、镁橄榄石、镁铁尖晶石、透辉石等早期矽卡岩矿物出现为特征)、退化蚀变阶段(以蛇纹石、绿帘石等矿物大量交代早期矽卡岩为特征)、石英-硫化物阶段(铜金主成矿阶段)、碳酸盐-硫化物阶段(金属矿物沉淀及形成大量碳酸盐矿物).

      闪长岩样品GLB004采于闪长岩岩体露头,采样坐标为:X=492 317 m,Y=3 601 176 m,H=4 910 m,样品位于岩体中心位置.花岗闪长岩样品GLPD2-B1采于矿区中部的揭示KT2号矿体的平硐PD2,采样坐标为:X=492 920 m,Y=3 601 090 m,H=4 815 m.花岗斑岩为隐伏岩体,样品ZK355-5-B186采于钻孔ZK335-5,采样坐标为:X=492 454 m,Y=3 601 642 m,H=5 342 m.

      花岗闪长岩呈灰白色,自形粒状结构,块状构造,主要由斜长石、角闪石、石英、钾长石及少量黑云母组成,偶见少量黄铁矿,可见较强绢云母化、泥化及硅化,局部发育钾化,另可见星点状黄铜矿化(图 4a, 图 4b).闪长岩呈灰黑色-灰色,自形-半自形粒状结构,块状构造,主要由斜长石、角闪石及少量石英组成,样品硅化较强,风化露头界面可见褐铁矿化(图 4c, 图 4d).花岗斑岩为灰白色,斑状结构,块状构造,主要由长英质矿物组成,可见绢云母化、泥化及绿泥石化,局部可见星点状黄铜矿化(图 4e, 图 4f).

      图  4  嘎拉勒矿床主要侵入岩及辉钼矿照片
      a.花岗闪长岩;b.花岗闪长岩显微照片;c.闪长岩;d.闪长岩显微照片;e.花岗斑岩;f.花岗斑岩显微照片;g.石英脉中辉钼矿;h.辉钼矿显微照片;Q.石英;Hbl.角闪石;Pl.斜长石;Mo.辉钼矿
      Fig.  4.  Photography of the main intrusives and molybdenite sample from the Galale deposit

      本次测试所用8件辉钼矿样品均采自钻孔,其中6件辉钼矿样品采自钻孔ZK42不同深度位置,2件样品采自钻孔ZK21不同深度位置.矿区目前辉钼矿分布较为局限,仅少数钻孔可见,主要呈脉状、沉点状及细小团斑状随石英脉两边部产出(图 4g),局部可见呈星点状或细团斑状产于石英脉中央,镜下可见主要呈自形板状、条带状结构(图 4h),均非性显著.石英脉中辉钼矿部分为独立产出,部分为辉钼矿与黄铜矿共生.

      锆石挑选由河北省廊坊区域地质矿产调查研究所实验室完成.主要过程如下:将样品破碎后采用浮选和磁选分选出锆石,然后利用双目镜挑选晶形、色泽较好且透明度高的锆石颗粒进行制靶(宋彪等,2002),过后利用阴极发光(cathodoluminescence,CL)进行锆石的显微照相,最后通过锆石的阴极发光图像选择合适的测点进行分析(主要避开包裹体、裂隙及残留核等).本次锆石U-Pb分析在中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所LA-ICP-MS实验室完成.锆石年龄计算以国际标准锆石91500为外标,并按照Andersen(2002)的方法进行普通铅校正,年龄计算及谐和图绘制主要是用Isoplot程序完成,具体分析步骤和数据处理过程参见文献(Gao et al., 2002侯可军等,2009).

      Lu-Hf同位素分析在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所完成,测点紧邻锆石U-Pb测点而进行,采用配有193 nm激光的Neptune多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪进行分析,分析过程中采用6~8 Hz的激光频率、100 mJ的激光强度和50~60 μm的激光束斑.试验中以He作为剥蚀物质的载气,采用91500作为外部标准,具体测试过程见文献(Wu et al., 2006).

      本次辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析测试在国家地质测试中心Re-Os同位素实验室完成,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪TJA X-series ICP-MS(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry)进行同位素比值测定.Re选择质量数185、187,用190监测Os.Os选择质量数为186、187、188、189、190、192,用185监测Re.样品测试中Re、Os含量的不确定度包括样品和稀释剂的称量误差、稀释剂的标定误差、质谱测量的分馏校正误差、待分析样品同位素比值测量误差,置信水平95%.由于采用混合稀释剂,模式年龄的不确定度不包括稀释剂和样品的称量误差,但包括衰变常数的不确定(1.02%),模式年龄置信水平95%.普Os是根据原子量表和同位素丰度表,通过测量192Os/190Os比值计算得出.样品测试过程中先进行样品分解,然后直接蒸馏分离锇,最后萃取分离铼,铼锇具体化学分离步骤和质谱测定请参照相关文献(屈文俊和杜安道,2003).

      花岗闪长岩内锆石无色透明,长轴与短轴之比在1.5:1.0~4.0:1.0,长轴多大于100 μm,颗粒大的长轴可达300 μm,主要呈长柱状或短柱状,个别呈浑圆粒状,部分颗粒内部可见细小包裹体,锆石颗粒均发育密集震荡环带(图 5c),具岩浆成因锆石特征(吴元保和郑永飞,2004).本次对花岗闪长岩样品挑选出的锆石晶体共进行了21个点的测试,锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果见表 1.样品中Th含量在(49~216)×10-6之间,平均值为106×10-6;U含量在(42~289)×10-6之间,平均值为130×10-6;Th/U比值在0.46~1.35之间,具典型岩浆成因锆石特征.花岗闪长岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为88±1 Ma(MSWD=0.56,n=21,1σ)(图 6a),该年龄代表了花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄,属于晚白垩世侵位.

      图  5  嘎拉勒矿床主要侵入岩锆石阴极发光图像及测点位置
      Fig.  5.  Cathodoluminescence images and test points of zircons from the main intrusives in the Galale deposit
      表  1  嘎拉勒矿床花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果
      Table  Supplementary Table   LA-ICP-MS zircon dating result of the granodiorite in Galale deposit
      点号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      ThUTh/U207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
      GLPD2-B10194.07186.620.504 0560.067 810.005 130.122 140.014 670.013 630.000 7386314511713875
      GLPD2-B102140.12166.360.842 2340.054 880.005 760.092 550.014 060.013 510.000 754072169013875
      GLPD2-B10381.11143.120.566 750.048 030.005 310.090 740.014 670.013 210.000 801012168814855
      GLPD2-B10479.68123.670.644 2560.046 570.003 280.097 170.010 760.013 960.000 67271419410894
      GLPD2-B105107.54165.040.651 5820.051 790.005 290.102 720.015 280.014 620.000 802762119914945
      GLPD2-B106153.96204.620.752 4360.042 910.004 390.083 040.012 330.014 070.000 761281738112905
      GLPD2-B107122.18163.350.747 9520.067 120.006 250.123 510.016 730.014 970.000 7584218211815965
      GLPD2-B10873.79135.610.544 1120.048 950.005 310.090 240.013 840.013 050.000 691452168813844
      GLPD2-B10989.39131.670.678 8440.040 020.004 620.079 120.012 780.014 440.000 782881807712925
      GLPD2-B110216.42288.790.749 4030.087 110.003 090.174 470.011 730.014 610.000 591 3636316310934
      GLPD2-B11182.48178.370.462 4120.054 280.004 890.100 550.013 430.014 540.000 753831899712935
      GLPD2-B11248.6042.351.147 5610.049 460.010 780.091 620.017 510.013 830.000 501694448916893
      GLPD2-B11356.1356.061.001 2230.050 120.006 490.093 330.012 280.013 620.000 322112659111872
      GLPD2-B114153.86120.021.281 9400.049 950.003 550.094 930.005 140.013 950.000 97191167925896
      GLPD2-B11579.9669.761.146 2440.048 200.002 340.091 610.004 730.013 690.000 19109111894881
      GLPD2-B116130.7597.041.347 3820.049 440.005 060.092 490.010 760.013 440.000 321692229010862
      GLPD2-B117168.86138.941.215 3710.048 190.003 260.090 440.005 960.013 660.000 41109152886873
      GLPD2-B118109.3982.531.325 5080.048 950.005 140.090 980.009 730.013 540.000 22146230889871
      GLPD2-B119100.88107.950.934 4980.049 400.002 850.091 950.004 740.013 690.000 29169132894882
      GLPD2-B12050.5553.570.943 5210.048 980.002 640.093 840.005 560.013 860.000 27146158915892
      GLPD2-B12186.4167.611.278 0260.048 930.003 210.092 130.005 860.013 730.000 20143157905881
      下载: 导出CSV 
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      花岗闪长岩内锆石176Hf/177Hf分布于0.282 886~0.282 980,176Lu/177Hf变化于0.000 656~0.001 687(表 2).根据对应锆石年龄计算的εHf(t)值变化于5.84~9.20,平均值7.72;εHf(0) 主要分布于4.04~7.35,平均为5.84;地壳tHf模式年龄变化于519~397 Ma,tHfC模式年龄变化于776~563 Ma(表 2).

      表  2  嘎拉勒花岗闪长岩的锆石Hf同位素组成
      Table  Supplementary Table   Hf isotopic composition for the granodiorite in Galale deposit
      测点编号 t(Ma) 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ (176Hf/177Hf)i εHf(0) εHf(t) tDM(Ma) tDMC(Ma) fLu/Hf
      PD2-B1
      01870.001 6870.282 8980.000 0220.282 8954.466.27512750-0.95
      02870.000 9820.282 9290.000 0250.282 9285.567.41458677-0.97
      03850.001 0250.282 8860.000 0210.282 8854.045.84519776-0.97
      04890.000 7740.282 9460.000 0200.282 9456.178.08431636-0.98
      05940.000 9030.282 9500.000 0220.282 9486.298.29428626-0.97
      06900.001 2230.282 9330.000 0230.282 9315.717.61455667-0.96
      08840.000 9070.282 9270.000 0200.282 9265.497.29459683-0.97
      09920.000 6560.282 9210.000 0200.282 9205.267.24466692-0.98
      10930.001 0640.282 9330.000 0190.282 9315.687.65454667-0.97
      11930.000 7820.282 9360.000 0200.282 9355.807.79446657-0.98
      12890.000 9730.282 9440.000 0230.282 9426.077.96437643-0.97
      13870.001 0420.282 9650.000 0210.282 9636.838.68407596-0.97
      14890.001 6380.282 9470.000 0200.282 9446.198.05440638-0.95
      15880.001 2570.282 9800.000 0220.282 9787.359.20388563-0.96
      16860.000 8130.282 9310.000 0180.282 9305.637.47453673-0.98
      17870.001 1790.282 9140.000 0210.282 9125.036.88482712-0.96
      18870.001 5510.282 9610.000 0220.282 9586.678.48419609-0.95
      19880.000 9110.282 9720.000 0200.282 9707.068.93397580-0.97
      20890.001 0020.282 9160.000 0250.282 9145.086.97477707-0.97
      21 88 0.000 892 0.282 956 0.000 019 0.282 954 6.49 8.37 419 617 -0.97
      注:εHf(t)=10 000{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR×(eλt-1)]-1};tHf=1/λ×ln{1+(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)Hf]};tHfC=1/λ×ln{1+[(176Hf/177Hf)S, t -(176Hf/177Hf)DM, t]/[(176Lu/177Hf)C-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}+t;球粒陨石及亏损地幔现在的176Hf/177Hf和176Lu/177Hf同位素比值分别为0.282 772和0.033 2,0.283 25和0.038 4(Blichert-Toft and Albarède,1997; Griffin et al., 2000);λ=1.867×10-11 a-1(Soderlund et al., 2004);(176Lu/177Hf)C=0.015,t=锆石结晶年龄.
      下载: 导出CSV 
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      闪长岩中锆石颜色相对较深,多呈长柱状或短柱状,另可见浑圆状,锆石颗粒长轴多数在100 μm左右,个别颗粒大的长轴近400 μm,长轴与短轴比在1.5:1.0~4.0:1.0,部分颗粒可见包裹体及残留核,绝大多数锆石均发育震荡环带结构(图 5a).本次闪长岩样品共进行了20个点的测试,测试分析结果见表 3.从表 3分析结果中可以看出,闪长岩锆石样品中Th含量在(54~524)×10-6,平均值为172×10-6;U含量在(98~415)×10-6,平均值为179×10-6;Th/U比值在0.41~2.31,具一般岩浆成因锆石特征(吴元保和郑永飞,2004).结果显示闪长岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄明显分为2组(图 6c图 6d),第1组锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为155.8±2.3 Ma(MSWD=2.7,n=14,1σ)(图 6d);第2组锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为90.3±2.8 Ma(MSWD=0.81,n=6,1σ)(图 6c).

      表  3  嘎拉勒矿床闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果
      Table  Supplementary Table   LA-ICP-MS zircon dating result of the diorite in Galale deposit
      点号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      ThUTh/U207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
      GLB00401120.94138.060.875 9910.048 330.003 560.175 580.018 360.026 600.000 96116153164161696
      GLB0040254.35131.790.412 4380.096 700.006 710.168 700.017 470.014 800.000 601 56112115815954
      GLB00403150.55235.020.640 5680.052 660.004 020.091 630.009 970.013 840.000 53314160899893
      GLB00404118.45214.620.551 9160.053 260.004 810.094 720.011 620.013 650.000 513401879211873
      GLB00405227.85280.540.812 2010.050 330.002 700.187 680.014 950.026 860.000 83210114175131715
      GLB00406137.81200.410.687 6620.047 490.003 360.150 350.015 170.025 280.000 8974155142131616
      GLB0040790.44104.150.868 3980.051 970.006 670.094 320.016 580.013 570.000 752842829215875
      GLB0040886.10105.880.813 2260.047 470.004 870.160 190.021 780.023 780.000 9273217151191516
      GLB00409109.28112.010.975 6780.059 130.005 320.200 560.024 760.025 700.001 00572202186211646
      GLB00410112.67159.210.707 7210.063 880.003 710.205 690.017 240.023 170.000 70738125190151484
      GLB00411341.91415.170.823 5400.052 590.003 050.101 390.008 630.014 610.000 47311134988933
      GLB0041253.7898.380.546 6340.059 530.012 690.078 670.020 870.014 270.000 855874557720915
      GLB0041398.54109.370.900 9700.056 270.005 340.196 640.025 310.025 700.001 01463217182211646
      GLB00414127.08106.261.195 9510.054 060.002 770.186 400.016 780.024 820.000 95372115174141586
      GLB00415460.43337.731.363 3080.051 110.000 650.172 160.002 300.024 400.000 172563016121551
      GLB00416178.15164.241.084 7140.050 160.001 200.168 560.004 250.024 320.000 162115615841551
      GLB00417157.87137.651.146 9070.054 280.004 300.193 460.021 300.025 670.000 99383178180181636
      GLB00418133.90175.930.761 1040.052 460.002 730.169 980.005 460.023 500.000 5030611615951503
      GLB00419523.78226.472.312 8640.054 000.002 430.192 040.006 140.025 920.000 5937210717851654
      GLB00420147.22118.931.237 8920.050 810.008 680.167 730.027 930.024 060.000 98232352157241536
      下载: 导出CSV 
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      图  6  嘎拉勒矿床主要侵入岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄
      a.花岗闪长岩;b.花岗斑岩;c, d.闪长岩
      Fig.  6.  Concordia diagram of U-Pb data for zircons from the main intrusives in the Galale deposit

      两组年龄区域的锆石形态差异不大,但阴极发光强度及锆石晶棱形态略有不同,U、Th含量及Th/U比值亦有一定差异.第1组锆石样品中Th含量在(86~524)×10-6,平均值为187×10-6;U含量在(106~338)×10-6,平均值为119×10-6;Th/U比值在0.69~2.31.第2组锆石样品中Th含量在(54~342)×10-6,平均值为144×10-6;U含量在(98~415)×10-6,平均值为200×10-6;Th/U比值在0.41~0.86.从前述可以看出,155 Ma的锆石Th含量相对较高、U含量相对较低、Th/U比值相对较大,而90 Ma的锆石则相反,两组锆石年龄相差近70 Ma,显然并非分析误差.对于这一结果可能存在有3种解释:一是继承锆石核与新生锆石混合;二是两期岩浆活动锆石混合的结果;三是早期岩浆锆石受后期岩浆热液活动影响重结晶所致.本次测试均为对不同锆石样品进行测点,并非对同一颗锆石不同部位进行测点,因此第一种解释不成立.两组锆石形态、色泽并没有大的差异,其Th、U含量及Th/U比值虽具有一定差异,但差异不大,不具备两期不同锆石混合特征.另外,90 Ma±的锆石与155 Ma±的锆石相比,90 Ma±的锆石相对具有明显的港湾状结构、晶棱圆化及部分锆石颗粒具有明显的发光强度较强的白色边等特点,符合早期岩浆锆石受后期岩浆热液活动影响而重结晶的特征(吴元保和郑永飞,2004).再者,前述已测定矿区与成矿关系最为花岗闪长岩年龄为88 Ma,该年龄正好与闪长岩第2组锆石年龄基本一致,表明155 Ma的锆石受到后期90 Ma的岩浆热液活动影响是具备地质事实支撑的,因此第3种解释是比较合理的,矿区闪长岩成岩年龄应为155.8±2.3 Ma,90.3±2.8 Ma的锆石为后期岩浆热液活动影响的结果,岩体为晚罗世初期侵位.

      闪长岩内锆石176Hf/177Hf分布于0.282 266~0.282 433,176Lu/177Hf变化在0.000 649~0.001 361(表 4).根据对应锆石年龄计算的εHf(t)值分布于-14.68~-8.34,平均值为-11.74;εHf(0) 主要分布在-17.89~-12.00,平均值为-15.14;地壳tHf模式年龄变化于1 393~1 154 Ma,tHfC模式年龄变化于2 126~1 742 Ma(表 4).

      表  4  嘎拉勒闪长岩及花岗斑岩的锆石Hf同位素组成
      Table  Supplementary Table   Hf isotopic composition for the diorite and granite porphyry in Galale deposit
      测点编号 t(Ma) 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ (176Hf/177Hf)i εHf(0) εHf(t) tDM(Ma) tDMC(Ma) fLu/Hf
      GLB004
      011690.000 8710.282 3600.000 0260.282 357-14.58-10.981 2571 907-0.97
      051710.000 8250.282 4330.000 0210.282 430-12.00-8.341 1541 742-0.98
      061610.000 7800.282 3530.000 0180.282 351-14.81-11.361 2631 925-0.98
      081510.001 0190.282 2660.000 0210.282 263-17.89-14.681 3932 126-0.97
      091640.001 2600.282 3510.000 0160.282 347-14.90-11.451 2831 933-0.96
      131640.000 6490.282 2720.000 0170.282 270-17.68-14.161 3712 104-0.98
      141580.001 1230.282 3270.000 0210.282 324-15.74-12.401 3121 988-0.97
      151550.000 7160.282 3500.000 0240.282 347-14.94-11.611 2661 937-0.98
      161550.001 0680.282 3520.000 0240.282 349-14.85-11.571 2741 933-0.97
      171630.000 8350.282 3870.000 0210.282 384-13.63-10.141 2181 850-0.97
      181500.000 7320.282 3800.000 0180.282 378-13.85-10.651 2241 872-0.98
      191650.001 3610.282 2970.000 0290.282 293-16.79-13.321 3622 051-0.96
      201530.000 7680.282 3420.000 0190.282 340-15.19-11.911 2781 954-0.98
      ZK355-5-186
      01880.000 7640.282 9880.000 0210.282 9877.649.53372543-0.98
      02860.000 7980.282 9510.000 0220.282 9506.338.17425628-0.98
      03830.000 7810.282 9310.000 0190.282 9305.637.41453674-0.98
      04910.001 5670.282 8970.000 0210.282 8944.426.32511750-0.95
      05840.001 3490.282 9880.000 0230.282 9867.669.42377546-0.96
      06870.000 8100.282 9390.000 0220.282 9375.907.76442655-0.98
      07910.001 1040.282 9560.000 0190.282 9546.508.43421615-0.97
      08930.001 5570.282 9550.000 0210.282 9526.468.40428619-0.95
      09900.000 7960.282 9510.000 0210.282 9506.338.26425625-0.98
      10850.001 1240.282 9380.000 0220.282 9365.867.66447659-0.97
      11850.001 0350.282 9570.000 0190.282 9556.548.33419616-0.97
      12850.000 9240.282 9540.000 0200.282 9526.438.25422622-0.97
      13850.000 9010.282 9560.000 0200.282 9556.528.33418617-0.97
      14830.000 8470.282 9960.000 0210.282 9957.939.69361528-0.97
      15840.001 0170.282 9690.000 0190.282 9676.968.74402590-0.97
      16840.000 8860.282 9600.000 0170.282 9586.638.43413610-0.97
      17850.001 1920.282 9560.000 0190.282 9546.528.32421618-0.96
      18 86 0.001 000 0.282 997 0.000 023 0.282 995 7.94 9.78 362 525 -0.97
      注:εHf(t)=10 000{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR×(eλt-1)]-1};tHf=1/λ×ln{1+(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)Hf]};tHfC=1/λ×ln{1+[(176Hf/177Hf)S, t -(176Hf/177Hf)DM, t]/[(176Lu/177Hf)C-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}+t;球粒陨石及亏损地幔现在的176Hf/177Hf和176Lu/177Hf同位素比值分别为0.282 772和0.033 2,0.283 25和0.038 4(Blichert-Toft and Albarède,1997; Griffin et al., 2000);λ=1.867×10-11 a-1(Soderlund et al., 2004);(176Lu/177Hf)C=0.015,t=锆石结晶年龄.
      下载: 导出CSV 
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      花岗斑岩中锆石晶形较好,无色透明,多呈长柱状,少数呈短柱状,长轴多数大于100 μm,颗粒大者长轴可达250 μm,长短轴比值在1.5:1.0~2.5:1.0.所有锆石样品均可见震荡环带结构(图 5b).本次花岗斑岩样品共进行了18个有效点的测试,测试结果见表 5.样品中Th含量在(84~291)×10-6,平均值为1 343×10-6,U含量在(925~268)×10-6,平均值为189×10-6,Th/U比值在0.50~1.27,具有一般岩浆成因锆石特征.锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为84.67±0.82 Ma(MSWD=1.90,n=18,1σ)(图 6b),该年龄代表花岗斑岩的结晶年龄,岩体侵位于晚白垩世.

      表  5  嘎拉勒矿床花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果
      Table  Supplementary Table   LA-ICP-MS zircon dating result of the granite porphyry in Galale deposit
      点号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      ThUTh/U 207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
      ZK355-5-B18601126.66232.440.544 8990.046 850.003 370.086 780.008 380.013 820.000 442163858883
      ZK355-5-B18602115.24177.010.651 0100.045 380.004 080.081 70.009 560.013 360.000 4263189809863
      ZK355-5-B18603143.32267.910.534 9610.057 040.002 90.095 440.007 140.012 980.000 37493118937832
      ZK355-5-B18604134.32267.690.501 7690.045 440.004 150.093 410.011 290.014 180.000 48311949110913
      ZK355-5-B18605150.14237.780.631 4200.049 070.004 680.082 150.010 640.013 080.000 521512198010843
      ZK355-5-B18606158.76234.250.677 7300.045 240.003 050.081 950.007 70.013 660.000 428151807873
      ZK355-5-B18607113.28228.050.496 7480.051 430.004 810.096 840.012 360.014 180.000 562602179411914
      ZK355-5-B18608177.34265.890.666 9890.050 820.004 640.105 230.012 560.014 610.000 4723321110212933
      ZK355-5-B18609147.48260.130.566 9390.051 290.005 640.097 170.013 570.014 130.000 482542499413903
      ZK355-5-B1861083.9291.850.913 5990.048 320.003 000.088 750.008 430.013 250.000 47122132868853
      ZK355-5-B18611104.94131.300.799 2450.048 090.001 380.087 240.002 490.013 200.000 1210267852851
      ZK355-5-B1861289.31110.970.804 8610.049 390.002 480.090 550.004 470.013 310.000 13165112884851
      ZK355-5-B18613114.05150.440.758 1250.047 730.000 980.087 190.001 810.013 260.000 108782852851
      ZK355-5-B1861493.86129.290.725 9810.048 740.002 300.086 830.004 150.012 910.000 10200111854831
      ZK355-5-B18615106.88127.490.838 3670.048 970.001 420.088 180.002 770.013 060.000 2014669863841
      ZK355-5-B18616135.75106.841.270 6210.049 610.003 660.088 870.005 650.013 110.000 36176163865842
      ZK355-5-B18617290.73241.511.203 8130.050 110.000 760.091 840.001 530.013 270.000 1021135891851
      ZK355-5-B18618130.16137.530.946 3940.049 820.002 180.092 700.004 580.013 450.000 23187104904862
      下载: 导出CSV 
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      花岗斑岩内锆石176Hf/177Hf分布于0.282 897~0.282 997,176Lu/177Hf变化于0.000 764~0.001 567(表 4).根据对应锆石年龄计算的εHf(t)值变化于6.32~9.78,平均值为8.40;εHf(0) 主要分布于4.42~7.94,平均值为6.57;地壳tHf模式年龄变化于511~361 Ma,tHfC模式年龄变化于679~525 Ma(表 4).

      嘎拉勒矿区8件辉钼矿样品Re-Os测试结果见表 6.从表 6中可以看出,本次测试辉钼矿样品Re含量变化较大,范围介于29.33×10-6~218.60×10-6,而普Os含量则普遍较低,基本接近于0.所测样品模式年龄介于88.19~90.11 Ma,变化范围很小,利用Isoplot软件对嘎拉勒矿床所测8组数据进行等时线拟合(图 7a),获取的矿区辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为88.55±0.60 Ma(MSWD=0.60,n=8,2σ),初始187Os/188Os值为0.38±0.37,该年龄代表了辉钼矿形成时年龄,从模式年龄等时线图中可以看出拟合程度较高,测年精确,模式年龄加权平均值为89.00±0.48 Ma(MSWD=0.80,2σ)(图 7b).

      表  6  嘎拉勒-尕尔穷铜金矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年结果
      Table  Supplementary Table   Re-Os isotopic data of molybdenites from Galale-Gaerqiong Cu-Au deposits
      原样名 样重(g) Re(10-6) 普Os(10-9) 187Re(10-6) 187Os(10-9) 模式年龄(Ma)
      测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度
      ZK42-267.91 0.039 51 178.80 2.00 0.032 5 0.024 7 112.40 1.20 166.8 1.50 89.00 1.47
      ZK42-246.150.040 44218.602.100.121 70.019 8137.401.30203.01.6088.631.33
      ZK42-227.10.040 05211.802.200.043 20.008 0133.101.40196.81.6088.681.38
      ZK42-211.840.040 52174.502.000.014 30.011 0109.601.20161.21.3088.191.43
      ZK21-432.70.034 02110.900.900.050 30.009 269.710.54103.00.9088.621.24
      ZK21-411.10.040 11195.002.200.030 20.019 1122.601.40183.11.6089.631.49
      ZK42-279.970.010 2131.240.290.007 90.026 619.640.1829.30.2589.501.34
      ZK42-191.1 0.011 50 29.33 0.26 0.011 7 0.039 5 18.44 0.16 27.7 0.33 90.11 1.52
      下载: 导出CSV 
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      图  7  嘎拉勒矿区辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄(a)及加权平均年龄(b)
      Fig.  7.  Re-Os isochron (a) and weighted average of model age (b) of molybdenites from Galale deposit

      本次研究通过对矿区中酸性岩浆岩年龄及辉钼矿年龄的精确测定,揭示了矿区岩浆演化历程及相应的成矿作用,发现矿区共具有5期次岩浆活动,但仅有一期岩浆活动有相应的成矿作用.156 Ma左右的闪长岩最早侵位,其侵位时代为晚侏罗世初期,可能为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲的产物至早白垩世初爆发了火山活动(141 Ma),形成郎久组火山岩(张志等,2015),随后131 Ma左右的石英闪长岩开始侵位(吕立娜等,2011),该3个时期的岩浆活动均为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲阶段的产物,且均没有相应的成矿作用响应.至晚白垩世时,班公湖-怒江特提斯洋消亡,拉萨地块与南羌塘地块陆-陆碰撞阶段,88 Ma左右的花岗闪长岩开始侵位,并与捷嘎组碳酸盐地层进行接触交代形成矽卡岩型金铜矿体,是矿区内最重要的成岩-成矿事件.成矿后4 Ma左右的84 Ma花岗斑岩开始侵位,为矿区内最后一期次岩浆活动,但并没有形成相应的成矿作用.

      综上所述,嘠拉勒矿区岩浆岩演化历程为:闪长岩→郎久组火山岩→石英闪长岩→花岗闪长岩(成矿期岩浆活动)→花岗斑岩.

      锆石原位Hf同位素是揭示地壳演化和示踪岩浆源区的重要手段(Scherer et al., 2000Griffin et al., 2002Zhang et al., 2012冷秋锋等,2016李碧乐等,2016),并在岩石学研究中得到了广泛的应用.本次锆石Hf同位素研究表明,嘎拉勒矿区内侵入岩锆石Hf同位素组成明显分为正直域与负值域两个类别(图 8),显示区内主要侵入岩浆活动具有不同的岩浆源区.花岗闪长岩锆石初始176Hf/177Hf值分布于0.282 886~0.282 980,176Lu/177Hf值变化于0.000 656~0.001 687,根据对应锆石年龄计算的εHf(t)值变化于5.84~9.20,平均值7.72,tHfC模式年龄变化于776~563 Ma.吕立娜(2012)对花岗闪长岩进行了Sr-Nd同位素研究,获得87Sr/86Sr初始比值平均为0.705 1,εNd(t)平均值为1.4.张志等(2013a)对矿区花岗闪长岩进行了岩石地球化学特征研究,指出其具有埃达克岩地球化学特征,但并没有Mg、Cr、Ni等元素的富集,总体仍具有弧岩浆性质.相对较低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值、正的εNd(t)值、正的εHf(t)值及年轻的地壳模式年龄及其地球化学特征指示区内花岗闪长岩起源于新生下地壳.花岗斑岩锆石初始176Hf/177Hf值分布于0.282 897~0.282 997,176Lu/177Hf值变化于0.000 764~0.001 567,根据对应锆石年龄计算的εHf(t)值变化于6.32~9.78,平均值8.40,tHfC模式年龄变化于679~525 Ma,可以看出,花岗闪长岩与花岗斑岩Hf同位素组成极为相似,表明二者岩浆源区相同或接近,已有研究表明二者地球化学特征也极为相似(张志等,2013a),暗示二者可能属于同一岩浆系统不同期次侵位的产物.而区内闪长岩Hf同位素组成与前述两岩体Hf同位素组成具有明显的区别,闪长岩锆石初始176Hf/177Hf值分布于0.282 266~0.282 433,176Lu/177Hf值变化于0.000 649~0.001 361,根据对应锆石年龄计算的εHf(t)值分布于-14.68~-8.34,平均值-11.74,tHfC模式年龄变化于2.1~1.7 Ga,负的εHf(t)值及较老的地壳模式年龄表明闪长岩岩浆起源于古老的成熟地壳(图 8),而非新生下地壳,表明闪长岩相对于花岗闪长岩及花岗斑岩而言形成于不同的构造环境.值得注意的是,闪长岩锆石Hf同位素组成与中部拉萨地体(古拉萨地体微陆块)西部江巴至雄巴地区岩浆岩锆石Hf同位素组成十分相似(Zhu et al., 2009, 2011张立雪等,2013),暗示嘎拉勒地区曾经存在与古拉萨地体相似的结晶基底.

      图  8  嘎拉勒矿区主要侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄-εHf(t)图解
      CHUR.球粒陨石均一源储(chondrite uniform reservoir);DM.亏损地幔(depleted mantle)
      Fig.  8.  Plot of U-Pb ages vs. εHf(t) for the main intrusives in Galale deposit

      由于工作程度较低,班公湖-怒江结合带构造演化问题依然没有定论.目前关于该缝合带代表的是形成于二叠世-早三叠世的新特提洋的认识基本已得到一致认可(任纪舜和肖黎薇,2004),但对于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋的俯冲消减形式以及俯冲至碰撞闭合的时限一直存在较大的争论.前期研究者认为俯冲形式为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋洋壳向羌塘板块下的单向俯冲(Pearce and Deng, 1988; Kapp et al., 2003),但随着该构造带研究资料的丰富及研究的深入,越来越多的学者认为该构造带具有向南、向北双重俯冲的特征(秦克章等,2006李光明等,2007许荣科等,2007康志强等,2008李金祥等,2008杜德道等,2011耿全如等,2011江军华等,2011).目前“双向俯冲”的观点已基本被大多数研究者所认同,但关于俯冲→碰撞缝合阶段的演化却又存在不同的观点.一方面部分学者认为大洋关闭在早白垩世初(Kapp et al., 2003Zhu et al., 2011, 2016; 曲晓明等, 2012).另一方面很多研究资料又表明特提斯洋消亡时间可能推迟到早白垩世中晚期,主要报道文献为一系列早白垩世中晚期岛弧岩浆活动的发现(李金祥等,2008高顺宝等,2011赵元艺等,2011Li et al., 2014Wang et al., 2016),此外在区域上还发现了早白垩世中期(110 Ma左右)OIB型洋岛玄武岩(王忠恒等,2005朱弟成等,2006Wang et al., 2016).综上所述,尽管班公湖-怒江缝合带的构造演化时限问题仍存在争论,但就目前区域已有研究资料来看,早白垩世中晚期很可能是一个重要的缝合带闭合时间节点.

      本次研究表明,研究区内岩浆活动从晚侏罗世初至晚白垩世均有发育,在早白垩世以前有3期次岩浆活动,分别是闪长岩(156 Ma)、郎久组火山岩(141 Ma)及石英闪长岩(131 Ma),其对应于前述班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲阶段.班公湖-怒江特提斯洋消亡后,花岗闪长岩(88 Ma)与花岗斑岩(84 Ma)侵位,属于陆-陆汇聚环境的产物,表明在班公湖-怒江缝合带南缘构造演化过程中,从俯冲至碰撞闭合阶段均在嘎拉勒矿区内留下了岩浆活动痕迹.吕立娜等(2011)张志等(2013a, 及2015)对区内主要岩浆岩进行了岩石地球化学特征研究,结果表明区内晚侏罗世及晚白垩世岩浆岩均具有明显的Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素而相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素的岛弧花岗岩特征.然而本次锆石Hf同位素特征表明,俯冲阶段形成的闪长岩起源于与古拉萨地体结晶基底相似的古老地壳的重熔,而碰撞期花岗闪长岩与花岗斑岩则起源于新生下地壳的部分熔融,表明尽管其均具有弧岩浆的特征,但不同区域演化阶段形成的岩浆源区是不同的,矿区内晚侏罗世至早白垩世期间的3期次岩浆活动可能形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲过程中的弧环境,而晚白垩世侵位的花岗闪长岩与花岗斑岩则与陆内造山作用密切相关.

      通过辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年结果表明,矿床成矿年龄为88.55±0.60 Ma,与花岗闪长岩成岩年龄一致,矿床形成于晚白垩世,是班公湖-怒江缝合带构造演化中典型的碰撞期成矿事件产物.

      (1) 利用锆石U-Pb年代学研究,查明了嘎拉勒矿区内主要侵入岩时代,研究区从晚侏罗世初至晚白垩世均有岩浆活动.产于成矿前的闪长岩侵位于155.8±2.3 Ma,成矿母岩花岗闪长岩侵位于88±1 Ma,成矿后的花岗斑岩侵位于84.67±0.82 Ma.矿区岩浆岩演化历程为:闪长岩→郎久组火山岩→石英闪长岩→花岗闪长岩(成矿期岩浆活动)→花岗斑岩.

      (2) 区内侵入岩锆石Hf同位素组成具有明显的区别.闪长岩εHf(t)值分布于-14.68~-8.34,平均值-11.74,起源于与古拉萨地体结晶基底成分相似的古老成熟地壳的部分熔融,形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲过程中的弧环境.花岗闪长岩εHf(t)值变化于5.84~9.20,平均值7.72,花岗斑岩εHf(t)值变化于6.32~9.78,平均值8.40,花岗闪长岩与花岗斑岩Hf同位素组成相似,可能属于同一岩浆系统的产物,二者起源于新生下地壳的部分熔融,与南羌塘陆块与冈底斯陆块之间的陆-陆汇聚密切相关.

      (3) 辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年结果表明,矿床成矿年龄为88.55±0.60 Ma,矿床形成于晚白垩世,是班公湖-怒江缝合带构造演化中典型的碰撞期成矿事件.

      致谢: 野外工作中得到了西藏地质二队何林工程师的大力帮助,样品测试工作得到中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所侯可军老师的热忱帮助,在此一并表示诚挚的感谢!同时感谢评审专家和编辑部老师提出的宝贵修改意见!
    • 图  1  班公湖-怒江成矿带及邻区构造单元分布(a)与嘎拉勒铜金矿床地质简图(b)

      Ⅰ.羌塘-三江造山系;Ⅰ1.玉龙塔格-巴颜喀拉前陆盆地;Ⅰ2.西金乌兰湖-金沙江-哀牢山结合带;Ⅰ3.昌都-兰坪地块;Ⅰ4.北羌塘-甜水海陆块;Ⅱ1.龙木错-双湖-澜沧江蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅲ1.多玛地块;Ⅲ2.南羌塘盆地;Ⅲ3.扎普-多不杂岩浆弧带;Ⅳ.左贡地块;Ⅴ.班公湖-怒江缝合带;Ⅴ1.班公湖-怒江蛇绿混杂带;Ⅴ2.聂荣地块;Ⅴ3.嘉玉桥地块;Ⅵ.冈底斯岩浆弧;Ⅵ1.那曲-洛隆弧前盆地;Ⅵ2.昂龙岗日-班戈岩浆弧;Ⅵ3.狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅵ4.措勤-申扎岩浆弧;Ⅵ5.龙格尔-工布江达复合岩浆弧;1.第四系;2.白垩系朗久组;3.白垩系捷嘎组;4.花岗闪长岩;5.石英闪长岩;6.闪长岩;7.矽卡岩;8.研究区;9.不明性质断层及编号;10.平移断层及编号;11.地质界线;12.矿体编号及范围;13.平硐;14.采样点

      Fig.  1.  Tectonic units of Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt and its neighboring areas (a) and generalized geological map of the Glale Cu-Au deposit (b)

      图  2  嘎拉勒矿区岩浆岩关系露头(a)及KT2矿体02号勘探线(b)勘探线剖面

      Fig.  2.  Outcrop of the relationship of the diorite and granodiorite (a) and No.02 (b) exploration of KT2 of the Galae deposit

      图  3  嘎拉勒矿床矿石组构特征

      a.条带状磁铁矿;b.含黄铜矿、黄铁矿矽卡岩中石英晶洞;c.针铁矿交代黄铜矿;d.黄铜矿与斑铜矿呈固溶体分离结构.Mt.磁铁矿;Cp.黄铜矿;Py.黄铁矿;Go.针铁矿;Bn.斑铜矿;SK.矽卡岩

      Fig.  3.  The ore textures and structures of the Glale deposit

      图  4  嘎拉勒矿床主要侵入岩及辉钼矿照片

      a.花岗闪长岩;b.花岗闪长岩显微照片;c.闪长岩;d.闪长岩显微照片;e.花岗斑岩;f.花岗斑岩显微照片;g.石英脉中辉钼矿;h.辉钼矿显微照片;Q.石英;Hbl.角闪石;Pl.斜长石;Mo.辉钼矿

      Fig.  4.  Photography of the main intrusives and molybdenite sample from the Galale deposit

      图  5  嘎拉勒矿床主要侵入岩锆石阴极发光图像及测点位置

      Fig.  5.  Cathodoluminescence images and test points of zircons from the main intrusives in the Galale deposit

      图  6  嘎拉勒矿床主要侵入岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄

      a.花岗闪长岩;b.花岗斑岩;c, d.闪长岩

      Fig.  6.  Concordia diagram of U-Pb data for zircons from the main intrusives in the Galale deposit

      图  7  嘎拉勒矿区辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄(a)及加权平均年龄(b)

      Fig.  7.  Re-Os isochron (a) and weighted average of model age (b) of molybdenites from Galale deposit

      图  8  嘎拉勒矿区主要侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄-εHf(t)图解

      CHUR.球粒陨石均一源储(chondrite uniform reservoir);DM.亏损地幔(depleted mantle)

      Fig.  8.  Plot of U-Pb ages vs. εHf(t) for the main intrusives in Galale deposit

      表  1  嘎拉勒矿床花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果

      Table  1.   LA-ICP-MS zircon dating result of the granodiorite in Galale deposit

      点号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      ThUTh/U207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
      GLPD2-B10194.07186.620.504 0560.067 810.005 130.122 140.014 670.013 630.000 7386314511713875
      GLPD2-B102140.12166.360.842 2340.054 880.005 760.092 550.014 060.013 510.000 754072169013875
      GLPD2-B10381.11143.120.566 750.048 030.005 310.090 740.014 670.013 210.000 801012168814855
      GLPD2-B10479.68123.670.644 2560.046 570.003 280.097 170.010 760.013 960.000 67271419410894
      GLPD2-B105107.54165.040.651 5820.051 790.005 290.102 720.015 280.014 620.000 802762119914945
      GLPD2-B106153.96204.620.752 4360.042 910.004 390.083 040.012 330.014 070.000 761281738112905
      GLPD2-B107122.18163.350.747 9520.067 120.006 250.123 510.016 730.014 970.000 7584218211815965
      GLPD2-B10873.79135.610.544 1120.048 950.005 310.090 240.013 840.013 050.000 691452168813844
      GLPD2-B10989.39131.670.678 8440.040 020.004 620.079 120.012 780.014 440.000 782881807712925
      GLPD2-B110216.42288.790.749 4030.087 110.003 090.174 470.011 730.014 610.000 591 3636316310934
      GLPD2-B11182.48178.370.462 4120.054 280.004 890.100 550.013 430.014 540.000 753831899712935
      GLPD2-B11248.6042.351.147 5610.049 460.010 780.091 620.017 510.013 830.000 501694448916893
      GLPD2-B11356.1356.061.001 2230.050 120.006 490.093 330.012 280.013 620.000 322112659111872
      GLPD2-B114153.86120.021.281 9400.049 950.003 550.094 930.005 140.013 950.000 97191167925896
      GLPD2-B11579.9669.761.146 2440.048 200.002 340.091 610.004 730.013 690.000 19109111894881
      GLPD2-B116130.7597.041.347 3820.049 440.005 060.092 490.010 760.013 440.000 321692229010862
      GLPD2-B117168.86138.941.215 3710.048 190.003 260.090 440.005 960.013 660.000 41109152886873
      GLPD2-B118109.3982.531.325 5080.048 950.005 140.090 980.009 730.013 540.000 22146230889871
      GLPD2-B119100.88107.950.934 4980.049 400.002 850.091 950.004 740.013 690.000 29169132894882
      GLPD2-B12050.5553.570.943 5210.048 980.002 640.093 840.005 560.013 860.000 27146158915892
      GLPD2-B12186.4167.611.278 0260.048 930.003 210.092 130.005 860.013 730.000 20143157905881
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  嘎拉勒花岗闪长岩的锆石Hf同位素组成

      Table  2.   Hf isotopic composition for the granodiorite in Galale deposit

      测点编号 t(Ma) 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ (176Hf/177Hf)i εHf(0) εHf(t) tDM(Ma) tDMC(Ma) fLu/Hf
      PD2-B1
      01870.001 6870.282 8980.000 0220.282 8954.466.27512750-0.95
      02870.000 9820.282 9290.000 0250.282 9285.567.41458677-0.97
      03850.001 0250.282 8860.000 0210.282 8854.045.84519776-0.97
      04890.000 7740.282 9460.000 0200.282 9456.178.08431636-0.98
      05940.000 9030.282 9500.000 0220.282 9486.298.29428626-0.97
      06900.001 2230.282 9330.000 0230.282 9315.717.61455667-0.96
      08840.000 9070.282 9270.000 0200.282 9265.497.29459683-0.97
      09920.000 6560.282 9210.000 0200.282 9205.267.24466692-0.98
      10930.001 0640.282 9330.000 0190.282 9315.687.65454667-0.97
      11930.000 7820.282 9360.000 0200.282 9355.807.79446657-0.98
      12890.000 9730.282 9440.000 0230.282 9426.077.96437643-0.97
      13870.001 0420.282 9650.000 0210.282 9636.838.68407596-0.97
      14890.001 6380.282 9470.000 0200.282 9446.198.05440638-0.95
      15880.001 2570.282 9800.000 0220.282 9787.359.20388563-0.96
      16860.000 8130.282 9310.000 0180.282 9305.637.47453673-0.98
      17870.001 1790.282 9140.000 0210.282 9125.036.88482712-0.96
      18870.001 5510.282 9610.000 0220.282 9586.678.48419609-0.95
      19880.000 9110.282 9720.000 0200.282 9707.068.93397580-0.97
      20890.001 0020.282 9160.000 0250.282 9145.086.97477707-0.97
      21 88 0.000 892 0.282 956 0.000 019 0.282 954 6.49 8.37 419 617 -0.97
      注:εHf(t)=10 000{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR×(eλt-1)]-1};tHf=1/λ×ln{1+(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)Hf]};tHfC=1/λ×ln{1+[(176Hf/177Hf)S, t -(176Hf/177Hf)DM, t]/[(176Lu/177Hf)C-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}+t;球粒陨石及亏损地幔现在的176Hf/177Hf和176Lu/177Hf同位素比值分别为0.282 772和0.033 2,0.283 25和0.038 4(Blichert-Toft and Albarède,1997; Griffin et al., 2000);λ=1.867×10-11 a-1(Soderlund et al., 2004);(176Lu/177Hf)C=0.015,t=锆石结晶年龄.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  嘎拉勒矿床闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果

      Table  3.   LA-ICP-MS zircon dating result of the diorite in Galale deposit

      点号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      ThUTh/U207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
      GLB00401120.94138.060.875 9910.048 330.003 560.175 580.018 360.026 600.000 96116153164161696
      GLB0040254.35131.790.412 4380.096 700.006 710.168 700.017 470.014 800.000 601 56112115815954
      GLB00403150.55235.020.640 5680.052 660.004 020.091 630.009 970.013 840.000 53314160899893
      GLB00404118.45214.620.551 9160.053 260.004 810.094 720.011 620.013 650.000 513401879211873
      GLB00405227.85280.540.812 2010.050 330.002 700.187 680.014 950.026 860.000 83210114175131715
      GLB00406137.81200.410.687 6620.047 490.003 360.150 350.015 170.025 280.000 8974155142131616
      GLB0040790.44104.150.868 3980.051 970.006 670.094 320.016 580.013 570.000 752842829215875
      GLB0040886.10105.880.813 2260.047 470.004 870.160 190.021 780.023 780.000 9273217151191516
      GLB00409109.28112.010.975 6780.059 130.005 320.200 560.024 760.025 700.001 00572202186211646
      GLB00410112.67159.210.707 7210.063 880.003 710.205 690.017 240.023 170.000 70738125190151484
      GLB00411341.91415.170.823 5400.052 590.003 050.101 390.008 630.014 610.000 47311134988933
      GLB0041253.7898.380.546 6340.059 530.012 690.078 670.020 870.014 270.000 855874557720915
      GLB0041398.54109.370.900 9700.056 270.005 340.196 640.025 310.025 700.001 01463217182211646
      GLB00414127.08106.261.195 9510.054 060.002 770.186 400.016 780.024 820.000 95372115174141586
      GLB00415460.43337.731.363 3080.051 110.000 650.172 160.002 300.024 400.000 172563016121551
      GLB00416178.15164.241.084 7140.050 160.001 200.168 560.004 250.024 320.000 162115615841551
      GLB00417157.87137.651.146 9070.054 280.004 300.193 460.021 300.025 670.000 99383178180181636
      GLB00418133.90175.930.761 1040.052 460.002 730.169 980.005 460.023 500.000 5030611615951503
      GLB00419523.78226.472.312 8640.054 000.002 430.192 040.006 140.025 920.000 5937210717851654
      GLB00420147.22118.931.237 8920.050 810.008 680.167 730.027 930.024 060.000 98232352157241536
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  嘎拉勒闪长岩及花岗斑岩的锆石Hf同位素组成

      Table  4.   Hf isotopic composition for the diorite and granite porphyry in Galale deposit

      测点编号 t(Ma) 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ (176Hf/177Hf)i εHf(0) εHf(t) tDM(Ma) tDMC(Ma) fLu/Hf
      GLB004
      011690.000 8710.282 3600.000 0260.282 357-14.58-10.981 2571 907-0.97
      051710.000 8250.282 4330.000 0210.282 430-12.00-8.341 1541 742-0.98
      061610.000 7800.282 3530.000 0180.282 351-14.81-11.361 2631 925-0.98
      081510.001 0190.282 2660.000 0210.282 263-17.89-14.681 3932 126-0.97
      091640.001 2600.282 3510.000 0160.282 347-14.90-11.451 2831 933-0.96
      131640.000 6490.282 2720.000 0170.282 270-17.68-14.161 3712 104-0.98
      141580.001 1230.282 3270.000 0210.282 324-15.74-12.401 3121 988-0.97
      151550.000 7160.282 3500.000 0240.282 347-14.94-11.611 2661 937-0.98
      161550.001 0680.282 3520.000 0240.282 349-14.85-11.571 2741 933-0.97
      171630.000 8350.282 3870.000 0210.282 384-13.63-10.141 2181 850-0.97
      181500.000 7320.282 3800.000 0180.282 378-13.85-10.651 2241 872-0.98
      191650.001 3610.282 2970.000 0290.282 293-16.79-13.321 3622 051-0.96
      201530.000 7680.282 3420.000 0190.282 340-15.19-11.911 2781 954-0.98
      ZK355-5-186
      01880.000 7640.282 9880.000 0210.282 9877.649.53372543-0.98
      02860.000 7980.282 9510.000 0220.282 9506.338.17425628-0.98
      03830.000 7810.282 9310.000 0190.282 9305.637.41453674-0.98
      04910.001 5670.282 8970.000 0210.282 8944.426.32511750-0.95
      05840.001 3490.282 9880.000 0230.282 9867.669.42377546-0.96
      06870.000 8100.282 9390.000 0220.282 9375.907.76442655-0.98
      07910.001 1040.282 9560.000 0190.282 9546.508.43421615-0.97
      08930.001 5570.282 9550.000 0210.282 9526.468.40428619-0.95
      09900.000 7960.282 9510.000 0210.282 9506.338.26425625-0.98
      10850.001 1240.282 9380.000 0220.282 9365.867.66447659-0.97
      11850.001 0350.282 9570.000 0190.282 9556.548.33419616-0.97
      12850.000 9240.282 9540.000 0200.282 9526.438.25422622-0.97
      13850.000 9010.282 9560.000 0200.282 9556.528.33418617-0.97
      14830.000 8470.282 9960.000 0210.282 9957.939.69361528-0.97
      15840.001 0170.282 9690.000 0190.282 9676.968.74402590-0.97
      16840.000 8860.282 9600.000 0170.282 9586.638.43413610-0.97
      17850.001 1920.282 9560.000 0190.282 9546.528.32421618-0.96
      18 86 0.001 000 0.282 997 0.000 023 0.282 995 7.94 9.78 362 525 -0.97
      注:εHf(t)=10 000{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR×(eλt-1)]-1};tHf=1/λ×ln{1+(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)Hf]};tHfC=1/λ×ln{1+[(176Hf/177Hf)S, t -(176Hf/177Hf)DM, t]/[(176Lu/177Hf)C-(176Lu/177Hf)DM]}+t;球粒陨石及亏损地幔现在的176Hf/177Hf和176Lu/177Hf同位素比值分别为0.282 772和0.033 2,0.283 25和0.038 4(Blichert-Toft and Albarède,1997; Griffin et al., 2000);λ=1.867×10-11 a-1(Soderlund et al., 2004);(176Lu/177Hf)C=0.015,t=锆石结晶年龄.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  5  嘎拉勒矿床花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果

      Table  5.   LA-ICP-MS zircon dating result of the granite porphyry in Galale deposit

      点号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      ThUTh/U 207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ207Pb/206Pb1σ207Pb/235U1σ206Pb/238U1σ
      ZK355-5-B18601126.66232.440.544 8990.046 850.003 370.086 780.008 380.013 820.000 442163858883
      ZK355-5-B18602115.24177.010.651 0100.045 380.004 080.081 70.009 560.013 360.000 4263189809863
      ZK355-5-B18603143.32267.910.534 9610.057 040.002 90.095 440.007 140.012 980.000 37493118937832
      ZK355-5-B18604134.32267.690.501 7690.045 440.004 150.093 410.011 290.014 180.000 48311949110913
      ZK355-5-B18605150.14237.780.631 4200.049 070.004 680.082 150.010 640.013 080.000 521512198010843
      ZK355-5-B18606158.76234.250.677 7300.045 240.003 050.081 950.007 70.013 660.000 428151807873
      ZK355-5-B18607113.28228.050.496 7480.051 430.004 810.096 840.012 360.014 180.000 562602179411914
      ZK355-5-B18608177.34265.890.666 9890.050 820.004 640.105 230.012 560.014 610.000 4723321110212933
      ZK355-5-B18609147.48260.130.566 9390.051 290.005 640.097 170.013 570.014 130.000 482542499413903
      ZK355-5-B1861083.9291.850.913 5990.048 320.003 000.088 750.008 430.013 250.000 47122132868853
      ZK355-5-B18611104.94131.300.799 2450.048 090.001 380.087 240.002 490.013 200.000 1210267852851
      ZK355-5-B1861289.31110.970.804 8610.049 390.002 480.090 550.004 470.013 310.000 13165112884851
      ZK355-5-B18613114.05150.440.758 1250.047 730.000 980.087 190.001 810.013 260.000 108782852851
      ZK355-5-B1861493.86129.290.725 9810.048 740.002 300.086 830.004 150.012 910.000 10200111854831
      ZK355-5-B18615106.88127.490.838 3670.048 970.001 420.088 180.002 770.013 060.000 2014669863841
      ZK355-5-B18616135.75106.841.270 6210.049 610.003 660.088 870.005 650.013 110.000 36176163865842
      ZK355-5-B18617290.73241.511.203 8130.050 110.000 760.091 840.001 530.013 270.000 1021135891851
      ZK355-5-B18618130.16137.530.946 3940.049 820.002 180.092 700.004 580.013 450.000 23187104904862
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  6  嘎拉勒-尕尔穷铜金矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年结果

      Table  6.   Re-Os isotopic data of molybdenites from Galale-Gaerqiong Cu-Au deposits

      原样名 样重(g) Re(10-6) 普Os(10-9) 187Re(10-6) 187Os(10-9) 模式年龄(Ma)
      测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度
      ZK42-267.91 0.039 51 178.80 2.00 0.032 5 0.024 7 112.40 1.20 166.8 1.50 89.00 1.47
      ZK42-246.150.040 44218.602.100.121 70.019 8137.401.30203.01.6088.631.33
      ZK42-227.10.040 05211.802.200.043 20.008 0133.101.40196.81.6088.681.38
      ZK42-211.840.040 52174.502.000.014 30.011 0109.601.20161.21.3088.191.43
      ZK21-432.70.034 02110.900.900.050 30.009 269.710.54103.00.9088.621.24
      ZK21-411.10.040 11195.002.200.030 20.019 1122.601.40183.11.6089.631.49
      ZK42-279.970.010 2131.240.290.007 90.026 619.640.1829.30.2589.501.34
      ZK42-191.1 0.011 50 29.33 0.26 0.011 7 0.039 5 18.44 0.16 27.7 0.33 90.11 1.52
      下载: 导出CSV
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