Innovations and Challenges of Vibration Coupled Seepage Mechanics in Oil and Gas Reservoir Development
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摘要: 随着石油工业对低渗、特低渗、稠油、超稠油、小断块、薄油层及高含水等复杂油藏开发的不断加强，波动强化采油技术作为一项高效低成本、不伤害储层、不污染环境的储层增产增注新技术，具有广阔的发展与应用前景.基于对国内外相关成果的广泛调研，揭示了弹性波作用下储层渗流动力学机制是提高波动强化采油技术矿场应用效果的关键，阐述了在弹性波作用下波动渗流力学与传统孔隙介质弹性波传播理论和经典油水渗流力学之间的本质差异，分析了定量描述储层多孔介质波动渗流动力学机理与规律的主要难点，总结了储层波动渗流力学研究的最新进展，展望了波动渗流力学理论研究需要进一步解决的重点问题.Abstract: With the development of oil and gas field, the complex reservoirs including low or ultra-low permeability reservoirs, heavy or ultra-heavy oil reservoirs, small fault block reservoirs, thin reservoirs, high water-cut reservoirs have been drawing increasing attention. Low-frequency vibration oil extraction technology has great potential for the complex reservoirs to improve the injection and output, because of its advantages of low cost, high effectivity, no formation damage and environmental pollution. Based on studying the outcomes in related fields at home and aboard, It is found the key lies in the theory of reservoir seepage dynamic mechanism under elastic waves to improve the field effect stability and optimize decision-making of low-frequency vibration oil extraction technology in this study. The generalization of the development of vibration coupled seepage mechanics can effectively distinguish the difference of seepage mechanics under vibration, elastic wave propagation theory in porous media and classical oil and gas seepage mechanics in aspects of the applied disciplines, source types, fluid flow equations, and boundary conditions. The main difficulties for quantitative description of mechanisms in dynamic flow in porous media by vibration coupled seepage mechanics are analyzed. Finally, key issues to be solved for the development of vibration coupled seepage mechanics are suggested.
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图 1 不同震源类型、研究对象、边界条件的差异
Fig. 1. Different wave sources with corresponding research objects and boundaries
图 2 不同振动加速度下渗透率和孔隙度随距离的变化
Fig. 2. The permeability and porosityat different position in different pulsing time
图 3 包含初始宏观渗流的数值算例模型及其边界条件
a.等效为开发油藏-维驱替分析；b.等效为岩土工程变压加载下岩土固结；据Vuong et al.(2015)
Fig. 3. Physical model for seepage with initial macro flow and boundary conditions under vibration
图 6 刚性管(g=0) 中不同谐振波频率下流体流速(Re=1, xl=2)
a.流速随时间变化；b.流速相图；据Yan(1999)
Fig. 6. Response of a fluid in a rigid channel to harmonic perturbation (Re=1, xl=2)
图 7 弹性波作用下孔隙喉道非润湿相突破、剥离临界条件
Fig. 7. Condition for nonwetting phase breakthrough or detach from the pore-throat under wave
图 8 不同振动加速度、表面活性剂注入量与有效作用距离的关系
Fig. 8. The effective distance under different vibration acceleration and injection volume
图 9 不同振动参数下酸液流速的变化关系(10 min)
Fig. 9. Acidvelocityunder different vibration parameter (10 min)
图 10 弹性波作用下考虑压力梯度和物性耦合变化的径向模型模拟结果(ϕi=0.156，Pin=11 MPa，Pe=8.0 MPa)
a.孔隙压力；b.孔隙度
Fig. 10. Change of pressure and porosity under vibration in radial model considering the obvious pressure gradient and coupled petrophysics (ϕi=0.156, Pin=11 MPa, Pe=8.0 MPa)
图 11 弹性波作用下仅考虑Biot流动诱导物性耦合变化的径向模型模拟结果(ϕi=0.156，P0=8.0 MPa)
a.孔隙压力；b.孔隙度
Fig. 11. Change of pressure and porosity under vibration in radial model only considering the coupled petrophysics due to Biot flow (ϕi=0.156, P0=8.0 MPa)
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