Sequence Stratigraphy and Evolution Model of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Area
-
摘要: 学者们在页岩层序划分与构成等方面还存在较大分歧；其次，现有研究中针对页岩非均质性在层序格架内的变化特征及成因规律方面亦有不足.五峰组-龙马溪组页岩是上扬子地区重要的页岩气勘探层位之一，通过钻井岩心、露头剖面、常规测井、能谱测井和地球化学参数等资料，对上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层学进行了定量分析.在五峰组-龙马溪组识别出3个三级层序，其中五峰组为一个三级层序，进一步划分出海侵体系域（五峰组下部黑色页岩）和高位体系域（五峰组上部观音桥段）；龙马溪组一段作为一个三级层序，进一步划分出海侵体系域、早期高位和晚期高位体系域；龙马溪组二段和三段为一个三级层序，进一步划分出低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域.以不同体系域为单元分析了五峰组-龙马溪组层序发育与沉积环境特征，揭示了各体系域内古生产力与水体氧化还原条件对有机质富集的控制机理，总结并提出了系统的五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层垂向演化模式.Abstract: Shale sequence division and composition remain highly controversial, and the existing research on the characteristics and genesis of sequence framework is inadequate. The Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation Shale is one of the most important horizons of shale gas exploration in the Yangtze region. On the basis of research on well-core, outcrop, conventional log, a spectral gamma-ray log, geochemical parameters and other information are used for quantitative sequence stratigraphy analysis of black shale in the upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation. Three third-order sequences are divided based on the recognition of four third-order boundaries. The Wufeng Formation is equivalent to a third-order sequence and is subdivided into a transgressive system tract (TST) (black shale of lower Wufeng Formation) and a highstand system tract (HST) (Guanyinqiao member of upper Wufeng Formation). the first member of Longmaxi Formation is equivalent to a third-order sequence and is subdivided into a TST, an early highstand system tract (EHST) and a late highstand system tract (LHST); the second member and third member of Longmaxi Formation are combined to be one third-order sequence and is subdivided into a lowstand system tract (LST), a TST and a HST. Sequence development and sedimentary environment characteristics are analyzed within each system tract unit.TOC is correlated to V/Cr and EF-Ni differently within different system tract units, suggesting paleoproductivity and water redox condition in different system tract units have different effect on the enrichment of organic matter in the studied shale. Based on the changes of depositional processes and water column conditions, we develop a depositional model to interpret the evolution of depositional environments of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation.
-
Key words:
- Wufeng Formation /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- shale /
- sequence stratigraphy /
- organic matter /
- sedimentary evolution /
- petroleum geology
-
图 1 扬子地台早志留世龙马溪组一段岩相古地理图(a)和五峰组-龙马溪组一段黑色页岩厚度等值线图(b)
a图修改自Chen et al.(2004)；b图修改自Guo(2013)、郭彤楼和张汉荣(2014)；AB为图 8剖面的位置
Fig. 1. Palaeogeographic map of the first member of Longmaxi Formation (a) and isopach map showing the distribution of the Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation (b) of Yangtze block
图 8 五峰组-龙马溪组一段黑色页岩层序地层演化模式
Fig. 8. Sequence stratigraphy evolution model for the Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation
图 2 四川盆地东南部上奥陶统-下志留统沉积充填模式(a)和五峰组-龙马溪组层序地层格架(b)
修改自Chen et al.(2015)；图a中绝对年龄据International Chronostratigraphic Chart，国际地层委员会，2013
Fig. 2. Sedimentary filling pattern for the upper Ordovician to the lower Silurian (a) and sequence stratigraphic framework of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation (b) in the southeast Sichuan basin
图 3 川东南五峰组-龙马溪组层序界面岩性响应特征
a.Jy1井；b.漆辽剖面；c、d.鹿角剖面
Fig. 3. Lithology characteristics at the sequence boundaries in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in the southeast Sichuan basin
图 4 Jy1井五峰组-龙马溪组层序格架内各体系域沉积特征
Fig. 4. Sedimentary characteristics of different tract systems of well Jy1 in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in the southeast Sichuan basin
图 5 Jy1井五峰组-龙马溪组一段矿物成分、氧化还原指标和古生产力指标垂向变化
Fig. 5. Mineral composition and redox condition proxy and productivity proxy variation of Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation in well Jy1
图 7 五峰组-龙马溪组一段不同体系域内V/Cr与Ni-EF分别与TOC含量的相关性
Fig. 7. The relationship between V/Cr ratio and TOC content and between Ni-EF and TOC content in different systems tract within Wufeng Formation and the first member of Longmaxi Formation in well Jy1
-
[1] Abouelresh, M.O., Slatt, R.M., 2012.Lithofacies and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Barnett Shale in East-Central Fort Worth Basin, Texas.AAPG Bulletin, 96(1):1-22.doi: 10.1306/04261110116 [2] Algeo, T.J., Maynard, J.B., 2004.Trace-Element Behavior and Redox Facies in Core Shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-Type Cyclothems.Chemical Geology, 206(3-4):289-318.doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.009 [3] Algeo, T.J., Tribovillard, N., 2009.Environmental Analysis of Paleoceanographic Systems based on Molybdenum-Uranium Covariation.Chemical Geology, 268(3-4):211-225.doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.001 [4] Calvert, S.E., Pedersen, T.F., Naidu, P.D., et al., 1995.On the Organic Carbon Maximum on the Continental Slope of the Eastern Arabian Sea.Journal of Marine Research, 53(2):269-296.doi: 10.1357/0022240953213232 [5] Catuneanu, O., Zecchin, M., 2013.High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Clastic Shelves Ⅱ:Controls on Sequence Development.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 39(1):26-38.doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.08.010 [6] Chen, H., Xie, X.N., Hu, C.Y., et al., 2012a.Geochemical Characteristics of Late Permian Sediments in the Dalong Formation of the Shangsi Section, Northwest Sichuan Basin in South China:Implications for Organic Carbon-Rich Siliceous Rocks Formation.Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 112(1):35-53.doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.06.011 [7] Chen, L., Lu, Y.C., Jiang, S., et al., 2015.Heterogeneity of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Marine Shale in the Southeast Sichuan Basin of China.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 65:232-246.doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.04.003 [8] Chen, S.B., Zhu, Y.M., Wang, H.Y., et al., 2011.Characteristics and Significance of Mineral Compositions of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale Gas Reservoir in the Southern Margin of Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica, 32(5):775-782 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_syxb201105006.aspx [9] Chen, X., Bergström, S.M., Zhang, Y.D., et al., 2013.A Regional Tectonic Event of Katian (Late Ordovician) Age across Three Major Blocks of China.Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(34):4292-4299.doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5990-0 [10] Chen, X., Fan, J.X., Chen, Q., et al., 2014.Toward a Stepwise Kwangsian Orogeny.Science China Earth Sciences, 57(3):379-387.doi: 10.1007/s11430-013-4815-y [11] Chen, X., Rong, J.Y., Li, Y., et al., 2004.Facies Patterns and Geography of the Yangtze Region, South China, through the Ordovician and Silurian Transition.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 204(3-4):353-372.doi: 10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00736-3 [12] Chen, X., Zhang, Y.D., Fan, J.X., et al., 2010.Ordovician Graptolite-Bearing Strata in Southern Jiangxi with a Special Reference to the Kwangsian Orogeny.Science China Earth Sciences, 53(11):1602-1610.doi: 10.1007/s11430-010-4117-6 [13] Chen, X., Zhang, Y.D., Fan, J.X., et al., 2012b.Onset of the Kwangsian Orogeny as Evidenced by Biofacies and Lithofacies.Science China Earth Sciences, 55(10):1592-1600.doi: 10.1007/s11430-012-4490-4 [14] Demaison, G.J., Moore, G.T., 1980.Anoxic Environments and Oil Source Bed Genesis.Organic Geochemistry, 2(1):9-31.doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(80)90017-0 [15] Fan, J.X., Chen, X., 2007.Preliminary Report on the Late Ordovician Graptolite Extinction in the Yangtze Region.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 245(1-2):82-94.doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.019 [16] Gorjan, P., Kaiho, K., Fike, D.A., et al., 2012.Carbon-and Sulfur-Isotope Geochemistry of the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) Wangjiawan (Riverside) Section, South China: Global Correlation and Environmental Event Interpretation.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 337-338:14-22.doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.021 [17] Guo, T.L., 2013.Evaluation of Highly Thermally Mature Shale-Gas Reservoirs in Complex Structural Parts of the Sichuan Basin.Journal of Earth Science, 24(6):863-873.doi: 10.1007/s12583-013-0384-4 [18] Guo, T.L., Zhang, H.R., 2014.Formation and Enrichment Mode of Jiaoshiba Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development, 41(1):28-36 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201401003.htm [19] Hammes, U., Frébourg, G., 2012.Haynesville and Bossier Mudrocks:A Facies and Sequence Stratigraphic Investigation, East Texas and Louisiana, USA.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 31(1):8-26.doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.10.001 [20] Hampson, G.J., Davies, W., Davies, S.J., et al., 2005.Use of Spectral Gamma-Ray Data to Refine Subsurface Fluvial Stratigraphy:Late Cretaceous Strata in the Book Cliffs, Utah, U.S.A..Journal of the Geological Society, 162(4):603-621.doi: 10.1144/0016-764904-059 [21] Hatch, J.R., Leventhal, J.S., 1992.Relationship between Inferred Redox Potential of the Depositional Environment and Geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U.S.A..Chemical Geology, 99(1-3):65-82.doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-y [22] Hemmesch, N.T., Harris, N.B., Mnich, C.A., et al., 2014.A Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework for the Upper Devonian Woodford Shale, Permian Basin, West Texas.AAPG Bulletin, 98(1):23-47.doi: 10.1306/05221312077 [23] Jiang, Z., Guo, L., Liang, C., 2013.Lithofacies and Sedimentary Characteristics of the Silurian Longmaxi Shale in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China.Journal of Palaeogeography, 2(3):238-251.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1261.2013.00029 [24] Jones, B., Manning, D.A.C., 1994.Comparison of Geochemical Indices Used for the Interpretation of Palaeoredox Conditions in Ancient Mudstones.Chemical Geology, 111(1-4):111-129.doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90085-x [25] Kohl, D., Slingerland, R., Arthur, M., et al., 2014.Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of the Shamokin (Union Springs) Member, Marcellus Formation, and Associated Strata in the Middle Appalachian Basin.AAPG Bulletin, 98(3):483-513.doi: 10.1306/08231312124 [26] Lash, G.G., Engelder, T., 2011.Thickness Trends and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Formation, Appalachian Basin: Implications for Acadian Foreland Basin Evolution.AAPG Bulletin, 95(1):61-103.doi: 10.1306/06301009150 [27] Li, Y., F., Fan, T.L., Gao, Z.Q., et al., 2012.Sequence Stratigraphy of Silurian Black Shale and Its Distribution in Southeastern Area of Chongqing.Natural Gas Geoscience, 23(2):299-306 (in Chinese with English abstract). [28] Liu, S.G., Deng, B., Li, Z.W., et al., 2011a.The Texture of Sedimentary Basin-Orogenic Belt System and Its Influence on Oil/Gas Distribution:A Case Study from Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(3):621-635 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283803296_The_texture_of_sedimentary_basin-orogenic_belt_system_and_its_influence_on_oilgas_distribution_A_case_study_from_Sichuan_Basin [29] Liu, S.G., Ma, W.X., Luba, J., et al., 2011b.Characteristics of the Shale Gas Reservoir Rocks in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, East Sichuan Basin, China.Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(8):2239-2252 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312371176_Characteristics_of_the_shale_gas_reservoir_rocks_in_the_Lower_Silurian_Longmaxi_Formation_East_Sichuan_basin_China [30] Liu, S.G., Sun, W., Wang, G.Z., et al., 2013.Analysis of Causes of Oil and Gas Accumulation in Superimposed Sichuan Basin of China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 40(5):481-497 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286292706_Analysis_of_causes_of_oil_and_gas_accumulation_in_superimposed_sichuan_Basin_of_China [31] Liu, S.G., Zeng, X.L., Huang, W.M., et al., 2009.Basic Characteristics of Shale and Continuous-Discontinuous Transition Gas Reservoirs in Sichuan Basin, China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 36(6):578-592 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280016766_Basic_characteristics_of_shale_and_continuous-discontinuous_transition_gas_reservoirs_in_Sichuan_Basin_China [32] Pan, S.Q., Zou, C.N., Yang, Z., et al., 2015.Methods for Shale Gas Play Assessment:A Comparison between Silurian Longmaxi Shale and Mississippian Barnett Shale.Journal of Earth Science, 26(2):285-294.doi: 10.1007/s12583-015-0524-0 [33] Pedersen, T.F., Calvert, S., 1990.Anoxia Vs.Productivity: What Controls the Formation of Organic-Carbon-Rich Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks?AAPG Bulletin, 74(4):454-466.doi: 10.1306/0c9b232b-1710-11d7-8645000102c1865d [34] Slatt, R.M., 2015.Sequence Stratigraphy of Unconventional Resource Shales.Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs, 71-88.doi: 10.1002/9781119039228.ch4 [35] Slatt, R.M., Rodriguez, N.D., 2012.Comparative Sequence Stratigraphy and Organic Geochemistry of Gas Shales:Commonality or Coincidence?Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 8:68-84.doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2012.01.008 [36] Su, W.B., Li, Z.M., Frank, E.R., et al., 2007.Distribution of Black Shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations (Ordovician-Silurian), South China: Major Controlling Factors and Implications.Earth Science, 32(6):819-827 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279559637_Distribution_of_black_shale_in_the_Wufeng-Longmaxi_formations_ordovician--silurian_south_china_major_controlling_factors_and_implications [37] Su, W.B., Li, Z.M., Shi, X.Y., et al., 2006.K-Bentonites and Black Shales from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations (Early Paleozoic, South China) and Xiamaling Formation (Early Neoproterozoic, North China)-Implications for Tectonic Processes during Two Important Transitions.Earth Science Frontiers, 13(6):82-95 (in Chinese with English abstract). [38] Tribovillard, N., Algeo, T.J., Lyons, T., et al., 2006.Trace Metals as Paleoredox and Paleoproductivity Proxies:An Update.Chemical Geology, 232(1-2):12-32.doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012 [39] Turner, B.W., Molinares-Blanco, C.E., Slatt, R.M., 2015.Chemostratigraphic, Palynostratigraphic, and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Woodford Shale, Wyche Farm Quarry, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma.Interpretation, 3(1):1-9.doi: 10.1190/int-2014-0089.1 [40] Wang, G.C., Carr, T.R., 2012.Methodology of Organic-Rich Shale Lithofacies Identification and Prediction: A Case Study from Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin.Computers & Geosciences, 49:151-163.doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.011 [41] Wang, G.C., Carr, T.R., 2013.Organic-Rich Marcellus Shale Lithofacies Modeling and Distribution Pattern Analysis in the Appalachian Basin.AAPG Bulletin, 97(12):2173-2205.doi: 10.1306/05141312135 [42] Wang, T., Yang, K.M., Xiong, L., et al., 2015.Shale Sequence Stratigraphy of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Southern Sichuan and Their Control on Reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica, 36(8):915-925 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294194858_Using_elemental_capture_spectroscopy_ECS_data_to_study_depositional_environment [43] Wang, Y.M., Dong, D.Z., Li, X.J., et al., 2015.Stratigraphic Sequence and Sedimentary Characteristics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and Its Peripheral Areas.Natural Gas Industry B, 2(2-3):222-232.doi: 10.1016/j.ngib.2015.07.014 [44] Xiang, Y., Feng, Q.L., Shen, J., et al., 2013.Changhsingian Radiolarian Fauna from Anshun of Guizhou, and Its Relationship to TOC and Paleo-Productivity.Science China Earth Sciences, 56(8):1334-1342.doi: 10.1007/s11430-013-4615-4 [45] Zecchin, M., Catuneanu, O., 2013.High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Clastic Shelves Ⅰ:Units and Bounding Surfaces.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 39(1):1-25.doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.08.015 [46] Zhou, L., Algeo, T.J., Shen, J., et al., 2015.Changes in Marine Productivity and Redox Conditions during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian Glaciation.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 420:223-234.doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.12.012 [47] Zhou, X., He, S., Chen, Z.Y., et al., 2016.Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Source Rocks in Yanchang Formation Sequence Framework, Ordos Basin.Earth Science, 41(6):1055-1066 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305417566_Characteristics_and_controlling_factors_of_source_rocks_in_Yanchang_Formation_sequence_framework_Ordos_Basin [48] 陈尚斌, 朱炎铭, 王红岩, 等, 2011.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义.石油学报, 32(5): 775-782. doi: 10.7623/syxb201105006 [49] 郭彤楼, 张汉荣, 2014.四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式.石油勘探与开发, 41(1): 28-36. doi: 10.11698/PED.2014.01.03 [50] 刘树根, 邓宾, 李智武, 等, 2011a.盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例.岩石学报, 27(3): 621-635. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10616-1013263631.htm [51] 刘树根, 马文辛, Luba, J., 等, 2011b.四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征.岩石学报, 27(8): 2239-2252. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB201108003.htm [52] 刘树根, 孙玮, 王国芝, 等, 2013.四川叠合盆地油气富集原因剖析.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 40(5): 481-497. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG201305001.htm [53] 刘树根, 曾祥亮, 黄文明, 等, 2009.四川盆地页岩气藏和连续型-非连续型气藏基本特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 36(6): 578-592. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200906002.htm [54] 李一凡, 樊太亮, 高志前, 等, 2012.渝东南地区志留系黑色页岩层序地层研究.天然气地球科学, 23(2): 299-306. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201202015.htm [55] 苏文博, 李志明, Frank, R. E., 等, 2007.华南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系时空展布的主控因素及其启示.地球科学, 32(6): 819-827. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3510 [56] 苏文博, 李志明, 史晓颖, 等, 2006.华南五峰组-龙马溪组与华北下马岭组的钾质斑脱岩及黑色岩系——两个地史转折期板块构造运动的沉积响应.地学前缘, 13(6): 82-95. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200606013.htm [57] 王同, 杨克明, 熊亮, 等, 2015.川南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩层序地层及其对储层的控制.石油学报, 36(8): 915-925. doi: 10.7623/syxb201508003 [58] 周翔, 何生, 陈召佑, 等, 2016.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组层序地层格架中烃源岩特征及控制因素.地球科学, 41(6): 1055-1066. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3316 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(8)
计量
- 文章访问数: 5729
- HTML全文浏览量: 1824
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
