Early Permian Volcanic Fragment-Bearing Sandstones in Babu of SoutheastYunnan: Indicative of Paleo-Tethyan Ocean Subduction
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摘要: 滇东南八布基性/超基性岩体被认为代表洋壳残片,与越北Song Hien构造带内的蛇绿岩体共同构成八布-Song Hien古特提斯缝合带的重要岩石记录,是认识华南西南缘古特提斯构造演化的重要窗口.环绕八布基性/超基性岩体分布大面积碎屑岩系,内夹有硅质岩序列,长期以来被认为是三叠纪浊流沉积,但缺少确切的古生物化石和放射性年代学证据.为确定这套碎屑岩的沉积时代和物质来源,对紧邻八布岩体的龙林西含火山岩屑砂砾岩进行LA-ICPMS碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素和微量元素分析.结果显示,碎屑锆石年龄谱与华南西南缘的二叠系-三叠系年龄谱明显不同,但与Song Hien构造带晚二叠世砂岩和哀牢山带绿春二叠纪砂岩年龄谱相似.最年轻锆石年龄组约为285Ma,在微量元素组成上与弧/造山型岩浆结晶锆石一致,对应于安山质-流纹质火山岩屑,指示早二叠世火山岩浆活动.结合碎屑锆石年龄谱的对比分析和八布村东硅质岩序列的新发现,结果表明八布碎屑岩的沉积时代应为早二叠世,而非中三叠世,其早二叠世火山岩源区与八布-Song Hien古特提斯洋俯冲有关.Abstract: Babu mafic/ultramafic rocks in Southeast Yunnan Province are interpreted as remnant ocean crust, and together with the ophiolite in Song Hien tectonic zone of North Vietnam, constitute significant components of the Babu-Song Hien Paleo-Tethyan suture, a possible southern extension of the Ailaoshan suture. Around the Babu ophiolite is a widespread siliclastic rocks dominated sequence, with thin-bedded cherts observed in some locations. These clastic rocks have long been considered to be Triassic turbidity current deposits in spite of absence of reliable fossil and isotopic dating. West to Longlin village, there outcrop coarse sandstone and sandy conglomerate beds nearby the Babu mafic/lutramific rocks. These sandstones contain andesite and rhyolite fragments and display detrital zircon age spectra similar to those of the Late Permian sandstones in Song Hien tectonic zone and Permian sandstones in western Ailaoshan belt, but distinguished from those of the Permian-Triassic clastic rocks of Youjiang and Shiwandashan basins in southwestern South China. The youngest zircon group with ages of ~285Ma, has geochemical affinities of magmatic zircons crystallized from arc/orogenic settings, corresponding to the occurrence of volcanic rock fragments, indicating a maximum depositional age, and showing an adjacent Early Permian volcanic source. The new findings of chert deposits within a clastic rock section to the east of Babu Village, and the comparison of detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra suggest that the analyzed clastic rocks should be Early Permian rather than Middle Triassic in age and their Permian volcanic source might be related to the subduction of Babu-Song Hien Paleo-Tethyan ocean.
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图 1 研究区的大地构造位置
图a修改自Jian et al.(2009a,2009b)和Yang et al.(2013);SGO.哀牢山缝合带的双沟蛇绿岩,据Jian et al.(2009a,2009b)和Lai et al.(2014a);LCA.绿春火山弧,据Jian et al.(2009a,2009b)、Fan et al.(2010)、刘翠等(2011)和李友余(2013);八布-Song Hien带的弧/弧后火山岩和基性/超基性岩体据钟大赉等(1998)、董云鹏和朱炳泉(1999)、吴根耀等(2002)和Halpin et al.(2015);充填五角星为滇东南-越北地的前寒武纪基底及都龙-Song Chay变质岩.b.采样区地质图,据(广西壮族自治区地质局, 1977,马关1∶20万地质图;1976,德隆1∶20万地质图);黑虚线为采样剖面位置;1.早古生代;2.泥盆系;3.石炭系;4.二叠系;5.三叠系;6.辉长-辉绿岩;7.变质超基性岩;8.老厂坡玄武岩;9.铜厂玄武岩;10.八布碎屑岩;11.断层;12.不整合界线.c.龙林西采样剖面,据钟大赉等(1998)修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic position of the studied area
图 2 八布碎屑岩和硅质岩野外照片和岩屑砂岩显微照片
a.龙林西剖面中-薄层细砂岩和粉砂岩;b.龙林西剖面含砾粗砂岩;c.龙林东薄层硅质岩(图 1b硅质岩位置a,含早二叠世放射虫化石,据冯庆来和刘本培(2002));d.八布村东公路旁新发现的薄层红褐色硅质岩地层(图 1b硅质岩位置b),向上变为薄层泥岩和粉砂岩夹中薄层砂岩;e.粗砂岩样品LLT-12;f.样品LLT-16正交镜下显微照片,Q.单晶石英;Lvm-Lvf.微晶状-霏细晶状火山岩岩屑;Lss.粉砂岩岩屑
Fig. 2. Field photos for the sandstones in western Longlin section and chert-bearing sequences,and micrographs for the volcanic rock fragments-bearing sandstones from western Linglin
图 3 样品LLTg-1和LLTg-11碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a和c)和频谱图(b和d)
古生代年龄的碎屑锆石年龄谱显示在图b和图d的右上角;谐和图中未充填符号者为协和度＜90%的分析点,没有被包括在年龄谱图中
Fig. 3. Concordia(a and c)and probability density(b and d)diagrams for the detrital zircons in the samples LLTg-1 and LLTg-11
图 4 最年轻锆石颗粒的加权平均年龄及典型阴极发光照片(a)、稀土元素C1球粒陨石配分模式(b)和微量元素Th/Nb-Hf/Th判别图解(c)
C1球粒陨石稀土元素含量参照McDonough and Sun(1995);右江盆地晚二叠世和早-中三叠世碎屑岩的300～240Ma的碎屑锆石颗粒也投在图c中,以便与龙林西砂岩285Ma左右的碎屑锆石进行对比;图c据Yang et al.(2012b)
Fig. 4. The weighted average age and representative cathodeluminescence images(a),C1 chondrite normalized rare earth element diagram(b)and Th/Nb-Hf/Th discriminating diagram(c)for the Early Permian detrital zircons of the Longlin sandstones
图 5 滇黔桂及越北地区二叠纪-三叠纪砂泥岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱对比
a.右江盆地早-中三叠世碎屑岩,据Yang et al.(2012a,2013);b.右江盆地晚二叠世火山碎屑岩,据Yang et al., 2012b,2013);c.十万大山盆地晚二叠世和早三叠世砂岩,据Hu et al.(2015);d.黔北早二叠世泥岩,据余文超等(2014);e.越北Song Hien构造带晚二叠世砂岩,据Halpin et al.(2015);f.滇东南龙林西粗砂岩
Fig. 5. Detrital zircon U-Pb age probability density diagrams for the Permian-Triassic clastic sedimentary rocks in Dian-Qian-Gui and North Vietnam regions
表 2 滇东南龙林西砂岩中早二叠世年龄的碎屑锆石微量元素组成(10-6)
Table 2. Trace elements(10-6)concentrations for detrital zircons with Early Permian ages of the western Longlin sandstone samples,southeastern Yunnan Province
分析点 年龄(Ma) Ti Y Nb La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Th U 206Pb/238U 1σ LLTg-1-01 284 4 9.53 1 002 1.61 1.60 12.81 0.47 2.61 2.40 0.77 13.05 4.87 69.2 27.7 148.2 34.5 417.2 81.9 11 336 0.72 191.6 417.7 LLTg-1-06 280 2 3.18 842 2.34 0.26 10.41 0.07 0.99 1.92 0.69 12.12 4.59 61.7 23.9 123.7 27.2 309.7 58.8 10 335 0.98 383.7 525.8 LLTg-1-82 284 3 3.10 582 0.66 0.05 5.76 0.04 0.21 0.98 0.25 5.77 2.66 37.1 15.9 88.9 21.9 273.7 58.1 10 916 0.61 79.1 171.5 LLTg-1-84 285 5 4.60 558 1.34 0.08 17.69 0.04 0.87 1.53 0.84 8.70 2.87 38.9 15.3 80.3 19.6 234.1 48.7 9 728 0.41 86.5 120.4 LLTg-11-09 285 4 13.14 798 0.64 0.40 2.40 0.25 2.82 3.54 1.46 17.50 5.09 65.3 21.6 108.2 21.6 255.7 46.0 6518 0.23 94.0 281.1 LLTg-11-16 284 5 8.74 894 0.52 0.00 15.31 0.15 2.95 4.52 1.93 19.45 5.73 69.3 23.7 119.9 25.3 302.8 54.2 10 964 0.31 89.1 88.3 LLTg-11-24 287 3 2.25 631 1.10 28.68 63.32 5.40 20.23 3.89 0.76 8.26 2.71 38.0 16.0 93.3 22.0 304.8 59.1 10 263 0.80 252.3 423.4 LLTg-11-51 287 3 4.23 525 0.51 0.10 5.06 0.14 0.71 0.62 0.39 5.46 2.02 31.3 13.2 80.5 18.6 252.5 50.0 9 686 0.30 171.7 370.9 LLTg-11-90 285 5 1.59 447 1.53 5.49 15.86 1.26 5.25 1.66 0.38 5.94 2.01 29.6 12.8 69.8 17.3 219.9 49.6 10 273 0.65 53.1 127.2 
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