Characteristics of Xujiahe Formation Source Rock and Process of Hydrocarbon-Generation Evolution in Puguang Area
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摘要: 烃源岩特征研究是成烃演化研究的基础, 烃源岩地球物理预测能够有效地定量评价烃源岩特征.普光地区因可用钻井较少, 难以对陆相须家河组烃源岩总有机碳(TOC)含量和厚度进行定量评价.基于烃源岩TOC体定量预测技术, 对普光地区须家河组烃源岩的TOC含量和厚度进行地球物理预测.研究结果表明：须家河组主要为中等烃源岩, TOC含量约0.6%~1.5%, 主要以条带状分布; 须三段的有效烃源岩厚度主要为20~30 m, 须五段主要为30~40 m; 晚燕山期的剥蚀厚度约2 000~5 000 m, 从构造高部位向研究区两侧呈递减的趋势; 侏罗纪末期, 须三段烃源岩大部分地区进入成熟阶段, 而须五段只有北部洼陷地区进入成熟阶段, 达到生烃门限, 现今, 须三段和须五段烃源岩基本进入高成熟-过成熟阶段, 主产气, 成熟度由北向南递减.Abstract: The source rock characteristics, which can be evaluated quantitatively by the geophysical prediction, are the basis of the hydrocarbon-generation evolution study. However, it is difficult to carry out a quantitative evaluation of the total organic carbon (TOC) content and thickness for the source rock in Puguang area due to lack of available drillings. The TOC content and thickness of Xujiahe Formation source rock in Puguang area were geophysically predicted by the quantitative prediction technology of the TOC volume in this study. The results show that Xujiahe Formation is mainly a fair source rock with the TOC values ranging from 0.6% to 1.5%, and the distribution of the TOC content is mainly in the banded structure. The general thickness of the effective source rock ranges from 20 to 30 m in Xusan Member, and 30 to 40 m in Xuwu Member, respectively. The erosion thickness is about 2 000 to 5 000 m with a decreasing trend from the high part of the structure to both sides of the study area at Late Yanshanian. At the end of Jurassic, Xusan Member source rock reached the mature stage in most areas; but for Xuwu Member, only the source rock in the northern sag reached the mature stage and the hydrocarbon threshold. At present, Xusan and Xuwu Member source rocks are basically in the high maturity-over mature stage generating gas mainly, and the maturity decreases from north to south.
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图 1 普光地区须三和须五段烃源岩TOC分布
Fig. 1. TOC distribution of Xusan and Xuwu Member source rock in Puguang area
图 2 普光地区须家河组烃源岩有机质类型
Fig. 2. Organic matter type of Xujiahe Formation source rock in Puguang area
图 3 普光地区须家河组烃源岩Ro-Tmax交汇图
Fig. 3. Ro-Tmax crossplot of Xujiahe Formation source rock in Puguang area
图 4 TOC体定量预测技术流程
Fig. 4. Flowchart showing the quantitative prediction technology of the TOC volume
图 5 普光地区须家河组烃源岩TOC数据体剖面
Fig. 5. TOC data volume profiles of Xujiahe Formation source rock in Puguang area
图 6 普光地区须三段和须五段烃源岩TOC等值线
Fig. 6. TOC contour of Xusan and Xuwu Member source rocks in Puguang area
图 7 普光地区须三段和须五段烃源岩等厚图
Fig. 7. Isopach of Xusan and Xuwu Member source rocks in Puguang area
图 8 普光地区晚燕山期剥蚀厚度等值线
Fig. 8. Erosion thickness contour of Late Yanshanian in Puguang area
图 10 普光地区须三段和须五段烃源岩关键时期成烃演化
Fig. 10. Hydrocarbon-generation evolution of Xusan and Xuwu Member source rock in the crucial period in Puguang area
表 1 中国陆相烃源岩有机质丰度标准
Table 1. Organic matter abundance standard of the continental source rock in China
演化阶段 烃源岩级别评价参数 干酪根类型 很好烃源岩 好烃源岩 中等烃源岩 差烃源岩 非烃源岩 未成熟-
低成熟有机质类型 富烃腐泥型 腐泥型 中间型 腐植型 腐植型 H/C原子比 1.5~1.7 1.3~1.5 1.3~1.0 0.7~1.0 0.5~0.7 TOC(%) Ⅰ-Ⅱ1 ＞2.0 1.0~2.0 0.5~1.0 0.3~0.5 ＜0.3 Ⅱ2-Ⅲ ＞4.0 2.5~4.0 1.0~2.5 0.5~1.0 ＜0.5 沥青“A”(%) ＞0.25 0.15~0.25 0.05~0.15 0.03~0.05 ＜0.03 总烃(HC)(10-6) ＞1 000 500~1 000 150~500 50~150 ＜50 S1+S2/(mg/g) ＞10.0 5.0~10.0 2.0~5.0 0.5~2.0 ＜0.5 成熟-
过成熟TOC(%) Ⅰ-Ⅱ1 ＞1.2 0.8~1.2 0.4~0.8 0.2~0.4 ＜0.2 Ⅱ2-Ⅲ ＞3.00 1.50~3.00 0.60~1.50 0.35~0.60 ＜0.35 
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表 2 TOC体定量预测技术优势对比
Table 2. Comparative advantages of the quantitative prediction technology of the TOC volume
分类 技术手段 应用效果 TOC体定量预测技术 优选振幅包络、绝对振幅积分、平均频率、瞬时相位、波阻抗等多种属性 三维数据体的TOC定量预测、有效烃源岩厚度定量预测 Loseth et al.(2011) 波阻抗 二维剖面的TOC定量预测 顾礼敬等(2011) 层序地层格架、地震波层速度 烃源岩生烃量 潘仁芳徐乾承(2011) 层序地层格架、地震波层速度 烃源岩成熟度 刘震等(2007) 层序地层格架、地震波层速度 烃源岩厚度 王志宏等(2008) 地震反射特征 烃源岩分布范围
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表 3 普光地区晚燕山期剥蚀厚度
Table 3. The erosion thickness of Late Yanshanian in Puguang Area
序号 井号 趋势方程 相关系数(R2) 剥蚀厚度(m) 备注 1 普陆1 H=-51.631AC+6 567.4 0.919 3 -3 190.859 地面AC值取620 μs/m 2 回注1 H=-50.783AC+5 453.7 0.929 6 -4 144.287 3 普光107-1H H=-52.769AC+7 038.5 0.946 5 -2 934.841 4 普光101 H=-51.356AC+6 915.9 0.949 2 -2 790.384 5 大湾101 H=-54.172AC+5 721.5 0.915 6 -4 517.008 6 毛坝6 H=-50.675AC+5 383.9 0.941 8 -4 193.675 7 分2 H=-58.339AC+8 004.7 0.924 4 -3 021.371 8 东岳1 H=-56.782AC+6 408.7 0.935 6 -4 323.098 9 新清溪1 H=-45.632AC+5 846.5 0.959 5 -2 777.948 10 双庙1 H=-42.271AC+4 587.2 0.951 3 -3 402.019 11 双庙102 H=-44.659AC+ 5 110.5 0.926 5 -3 330.051 12 雷北1 H=-60.581AC+7 425.1 0.921 5 -4 024.709
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表 4 普光地区须三段和须五段烃源岩关键时期Ro
Table 4. Ro of the Xusan and Xuwu Member source rock in the crucial period in Puguang area
序号 井号 三叠纪末期 侏罗纪末期 白垩纪末期(现今) 须三 须五 须三 须五 须三 须五 1 普陆1 0.35 0.28 0.63 0.55 2.11 1.83 2 回注1 0.31 0.28 0.37 0.33 1.96 1.83 3 普光107-1H 0.36 0.30 0.65 0.59 2.32 2.14 4 大湾101 0.37 0.30 0.54 0.43 2.10 1.80 5 毛坝6 0.31 0.28 0.53 0.47 1.86 1.72 6 分2 0.33 0.29 0.74 0.68 2.36 2.19 7 东岳1 0.33 0.29 0.52 0.45 2.3 2.12 8 新清溪1 0.32 0.28 0.50 0.43 1.45 1.31 9 双庙1 0.32 0.29 0.49 0.43 1.46 1.34 10 双庙102 0.33 0.29 0.45 0.41 1.43 1.32 11 雷北1 0.32 0.29 0.43 0.37 1.25 1.15
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