基于岩石薄片的鲕粒碳酸盐岩地球化学溶蚀

方旸; 谢淑云; 何治亮; 刘银; 鲍征宇; 沃玉进; 张殿伟

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2016.066

基于岩石薄片的鲕粒碳酸盐岩地球化学溶蚀

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.066

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

基金项目:

国家重大专项项目 2008ZX05005

国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目 2012CB214802

中国石油化工股份有限公司项目 P14038

详细信息

作者简介:
方旸(1988-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事碳酸盐岩储层溶解动力学的研究工作.E-mail: fangy123jnby@gmail.com

通讯作者:
谢淑云，E-mail: tinaxie@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P599
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-11-12
- 刊出日期: 2016-05-15

Thin Section-Based Geochemical Dissolution Experiments of Ooid Carbonates

1.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Research Institute of Exploration & Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 为了更好地认识鲕粒灰岩及鲕粒云岩的溶蚀机制，并指导油气勘探，通过岩石薄片溶蚀模拟实验，结合环境扫描观察和能谱分析进行原位微观形貌观察和分析，并采用分形与多重分形对能谱面扫描图像进行分析.实验结果显示，硫酸介质下鲕粒灰岩溶蚀从结构缺陷点(解理或裂隙)开始，钙含量高的点溶蚀速率快，而钙含量低的点和含硅部分溶蚀慢或不溶蚀，从而形成凹凸不平的溶蚀坑孔隙空间；而鲕粒云岩在硫酸介质中的溶蚀从白云石晶体间裂隙开始，这是因为颗粒及颗粒间有大量微裂隙.相同条件下，鲕粒云岩的溶蚀丢失质量比鲕粒灰岩多出约80%，这表明硫酸介质对白云岩具有更强的溶蚀能力.通过对溶蚀微观形貌的观察发现，硫酸对鲕粒白云岩结构的破坏作用而形成的颗粒状表面，更有利于溶蚀作用的深入进行，进而发育优质孔隙.此外，分形与多重分形分析结果表明，碳酸盐岩薄片表面的Ca、Mg、Si含量分布的非均质性的差异控制着溶蚀反应，成分差异大、元素含量非均质性强能促进溶解反应的进行.
- 碳酸盐岩储层 /
- 岩石薄片 /
- 差异溶蚀 /
- 多重分形 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: To explore the law of carbonate dissolution evolution to facilitate oil and gas exploration, the dissolution process and kinetic mechanisms of oolitic limestone and oolitic dolomite in sulfuric acid medium under normal temperatures are discussed in the paper. In-situ micromorphology of the reaction surface was observed by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and the elemental distribution was analyzed by fractal and multifractal theory using the X-ray mapping capabilities of the ESEM. The different dissolutions observed in the experiment indicate that the dissolution of the mineral starts at points of structure defects (as cleavage or fracture), and that the dissolution rate of oolitic limestone at the point with high Ca content is faster than that with low Ca or high Si content, which results in an uneven corrosion pits and pore spaces formed on the reaction surface. Moreover, the sulfuric acid cracks the ooid dolomite into granular and intergranular fractures and pore space in or between particles. Analysis of the weight loss by dissolution of thin section shows that the weight loss of oolitic dolomite is about 80% higher than that of oolitic limestone, indicating that the sulfuric acid has a stronger dissolution ability for oolitic dolomite. It is found by micromorphology observation that the granular surface of oolitic dolomite formed by sulfuric acid dissolution is more conducive to deepening of dissolution, which further improves development of pore space and connectivity. The fractal and multifractal analyses indicate that the dissolution process is controlled by differences between the element distribution heterogeneity of Ca, Mg and Si. Additionally, large difference of composition, strong heterogeneity of element distribution can promote the dissolution reaction.
- carbonate reservoir /
- thin section /
- dissolution difference /
- multifractal /
- geochemistry

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图 1 剖面位置及地质构造简图

据腾格尔(2006)略作修改

Fig. 1. The areal structure of the study area and section places

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 薄片外观照片

红色线为背部记号笔所划以便前后对比研究

Fig. 2. Photo of the thin-section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 成分分析对比样单偏光及背散射扫描电镜显微照片

a.鲕粒灰岩样(RX-3) 单偏光照片；b.图a中对应区域扫面电镜照片；c.鲕粒云岩样(DP-1) 单偏光照片；d.图c中对应区域扫面电镜照片

Fig. 3. Plane-polarized lightimage and SEM image of contrast samples of component analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 鲕粒灰岩(RX-3) 溶蚀各阶段单偏光照片

a.溶蚀前原貌；b.溶蚀1 h后；c.溶蚀2 h后表面覆盖沉淀物；d.超声清洗沉淀物后的照片

Fig. 4. Plane-polarized light images of oolitic limestone (RX-3) at different experiment procedures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 鲕粒云岩DP-1溶蚀各阶段单偏光照片

a.溶蚀前原貌；b.溶蚀1 h后；c.溶蚀2 h后表面覆盖沉淀物；d.超声清洗沉淀物后的照片

Fig. 5. Plane-polarized light images of ooliticdolomite (DP-1) at different experiment procedures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 沉淀物光学显微镜及扫描电镜能谱分析

图a、b为单偏光照片，图c为背散射扫描电镜照片及能谱成分分析

Fig. 6. Optical micrograph and SEM-EDS image of the precipitation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 薄片溶蚀后扫描电镜照片

a, b, c.鲕粒灰岩(RX-3) 照片，其中b为a中红色圆形区域放大，c为b中红色圆形区域放大；d, e, f.粒云岩(DP-1) 照片，其中e为d中红色方框区域放大，f为e中红色方框区域放大

Fig. 7. SEM images of thin sections after dissolution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 鲕粒灰岩(RX-3)(a)和鲕粒云岩(DP-1)(b)样品扫描电镜微观形貌照片及能谱面扫描图像

Fig. 8. SEM image and element X-ray mappings of ooliticlimestone(RX-3)(a) and ooliticdolomite (DP-1)(b) sample

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 能谱面扫描元素分布多重分形频谱示意图

Fig. 9. Multifractal spectrum curves for different elements

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 矿物成分分析结果

Table 1. Data of XRD analysis results

样品编号	方解石(%)	白云石(%)	石英(%)	伊利石(%)
RX-1	79.72	-	6.77	13.51
DP-1	-	96.12	3.88	-

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 各阶段薄片质量(g)

Table 2. Mass (g) of thinsection at different experiment procedures

样品	初始质量	浸泡1 h质量	浸泡3 h(含沉淀)质量	去除沉淀质量	沉淀质量	净溶蚀量
RX-3-1	4.090 7	4.080 3	4.047 3	3.986 5	0.060 8	0.104 2
DP-1-1	4.200 3	4.181 7	4.101 3	4.014 5	0.086 8	0.185 8

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 能谱面扫描元素分布分形参数

Table 3. Fractal parameters describing the distribution characteristics of element X-ray mappings

样品及元素		未溶蚀				溶蚀后				Δα_后-前	Δα_L后-前	Δα_R后-前
样品及元素		Δα	Δf(α)	Δα_L	Δα_R	Δα	Δf(α)	Δα_L	Δα_R	Δα_后-前	Δα_L后-前	Δα_R后-前
Ca	DP-1	1.311 0	2.208 5	0.172 6	1.138 4	1.489 4	2.121 5	0.294 2	1.195 2	0.178 4	0.056 9	0.121 6
Ca	RX-3	1.200 2	2.280 9	0.094 9	1.105 2	1.305 9	2.073 9	0.201 6	1.104 4	0.105 8	-0.000 9	0.106 6
Mg	DP-1	1.427 4	2.224 0	0.225 0	1.202 4	1.525 6	2.176 9	0.349 2	1.176 4	0.098 2	-0.026 0	0.124 2
Mg	RX-3	1.239 1	1.470 1	0.386 5	0.852 7	1.049 9	1.192 0	0.340 6	0.709 3	-0.189 3	-0.143 4	-0.045 9
Si	DP-1	1.726 3	1.881 0	0.540 9	1.185 4	1.361 6	1.604 5	0.364 7	0.996 9	-0.364 7	-0.188 5	-0.176 2
Si	RX-3	1.483 2	1.913 8	0.417 3	1.065 9	1.251 2	1.435 1	0.404 5	0.846 8	-0.232 0	-0.219 1	-0.012 9
注：Δα.分形谱线的宽度；Δf(α).分形谱线的高度；Δα_L, Δα_R.分形谱线左半部分与右半部分的宽度.

下载: 导出CSV

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