The Quantitative Evaluation Index System for Uranium Reservoir Heterogeneity in Hantaimiao Region, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 铀储层非均质性在铀成矿作用过程中发挥着重要作用，但人们对鄂尔多斯盆地罕台庙地区铀储层非均质性研究未见深入.该地区铀储层通过平面编图和统计分析，结果表明铀储层的砂体厚度、含砂率、砂岩粒度、泥质隔挡层数量、累积厚度、原始有机碳含量等参数能定量表征铀储层砂体的非均质性，沿辫状分流河道砂体中心轴线地区，铀储层非均质性较弱；而位于砂体中心轴线两侧边缘和下游地区，铀储层非均质性增强.系统的定量非均质性参数与铀矿化信息的比较结果表明，可以将铀储层非均质性分为Ⅰ类(弱)、Ⅱ类(中等)和Ⅲ类(强)，其中Ⅱ类铀储层的铀矿化最为活跃，以此为基础建立了由多参数综合评判的铀储层非均质性分级定量评价指标体系.以往定性的研究表明，铀储层非均质性既制约铀成矿过程也影响地浸采铀过程，如今定量分级评价指标体系的建立，将能够更准确地预测铀成矿靶区和优化地浸采铀工程部署，提高勘查和采铀效率.Abstract: Uranium reservoir heterogeneity plays an important role in the process of uranium mineralization. However, people have not been recognized and need further study on the uranium reservoir heterogeneity of Hantaimiao region in Ordos Basin. By plane mapping and statistical analysis of quantitative heterogeneity parameters is study area, it shows that the heterogeneity of uranium reservoir sand body can be quantitatively characterized by sandstone thickness, sandstone percentage, sandstone grain size, number and cumulative thickness of clay isolated barrier beds, and original organic carbon content. It is found that uranium reservoir heterogeneity is weak at the central axis area of braided distributary channel sand body; and becomes strong at the both edges of the central axis area of sand body and the downstream area. Through the comprehensive analysis of the relationship between quantitative heterogeneity parameters and uranium mineralization information, uranium reservoir heterogeneity is divided into class I (weak), class II (medium) and class III (strong). The uranium mineralization in class II reservoirs is the most active. And the quantitative evaluation index system for uranium reservoir heterogeneity, which is comprehensively evaluated by multi parameters, is established ultimately. It is generally held in previous qualitative research that uranium reservoir heterogeneity controls uranium mineralization process and also affects the in-situ leaching uranium process. This quantitative evaluation index system will be able to predict more accurately the uranium target area and to optimize the project deployment of in-situ leaching uranium, improving the efficiency of the exploration and mining of uranium.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地北部直罗组下段下亚段沉积体系与区域铀成矿关系及研究区位置
a.沉积体系域图；b.古层间氧化带与铀矿化叠合图
Fig. 1. Geographical location and the relationship between depositional system and uranium mineralization of J2z1-1 in the eastern Ordos basin
图 2 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层外部几何形态非均质性定量评价指标参数分布特征
a.铀储层砂体厚度频率统计；b.含砂率频率统计；c.铀储层砂体厚度与含砂率相关性；d.铀储层砂体厚度平面分布；e.含砂率平面分布；BDC.主干辫状分流河道砂体；BA.分流间湾沉积；箭头方向代表主流线方向
Fig. 2. The distribution characteristics of quantitative evaluation index parameters for geometrical morphology heterogeneity of uranium reservoir of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 3 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层沉积剖面图及其非均质性参数的变化特征
a.沿辫状分流河道砂体中心轴线方向展布的A-A′剖面，辫状分流河道砂体连续，稳定性好，相对缺乏分流间湾沉积，可识别出a旋回和b旋回，由①~④ 4个相互连通的成矿流体单元构成了大规模的古层间氧化带；b.垂直于辫状分流河道砂体中心轴线方向展布的B-B′剖面，辫状分流河道砂体旋回性增强，两侧相变为分流间湾，显示辫状分流河道砂体稳定性变差，非均质性增强，其内部似乎由①~⑦ 7个成矿流体单元构成了多个古层间氧化带(但从A-A′剖面看，①~④ 实为一个成矿流体单元)；c.A-A′和B-B′剖面铀储层砂体厚度和含砂率变化特征；d.A-A′和B-B′剖面铀储层内部泥质隔挡层数量和古氧化砂体比率变化特征；剖面线位置见图 2]]>
笔者进一步计算了A-A′和B-B′剖面砂体厚度和含砂率的劳伦兹变异系数(Vk)(严科等，2008；朱小影等，2009)(图 4)，以期通过定量系数来说明两方向上非均质性程度.计算得出，A-A′剖面砂体厚度和含砂率的Vk分别为0.09和0.06(图 4a和4c)，B-B′剖面砂体厚度和含砂率的Vk分别为0.16和0.12(图 4b和4d)，显然A-A′剖面的Vk小于B-B′剖面，这同样印证了沿辫状分流河道砂体中心轴线地区铀储层非均质性较弱，而位于砂体中心轴线两侧边缘和下游地区，铀储层非均质性增强.
罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段砂体厚度和含砂率的劳伦兹曲线 The Lorenz curve of sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region a.与古水流线方向大致平行的A-A′剖面砂体厚度劳伦兹曲线；b.与古水流线方向近于垂直的B-B′剖面砂体厚度劳伦兹曲线；c.与古水流线方向大致平行的A-A′剖面含砂率劳伦兹曲线；d.与古水流线方向近于垂直的B-B′剖面含砂率劳伦兹曲线 Fig. 3. Sediment profile and the changes on heterogeneity parameters of uranium reservoir of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 5 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层砂岩平均粒度分布特征
a.砂岩平均粒度统计；b.砂岩平均粒度平面分布；c.铀储层砂体厚度与中砂岩发育几率统计
Fig. 5. The distribution characteristics of average grain size of uranium reservoir sandstone of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 6 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层内部泥质隔挡层发育特征统计
a.泥质隔挡层数量统计；b.泥质隔挡层累积厚度统计；c.泥质隔挡层数量和累积厚度相关性；d.铀储层砂体厚度与泥质隔挡层发育几率统计
Fig. 6. The development characteristics of clay isolated barrier beds in uranium reservoir of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 7 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层内部结构非均质性定量评价指标参数平面分布特征
a.泥质隔挡层数量平面分布；b.泥质隔挡层累积厚度平面分布；c.原始有机碳含量平面分布；箭头方向代表主流线方向
Fig. 7. The plane distribution characteristics of quantitative evaluation index parameters for internal architecture heterogeneity of uranium reservoir of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 8 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层内部古氧化砂体比率、古层间氧化带展布与铀矿化叠合图
a.古氧化砂体比率与铀矿化叠合；b.古层间氧化带与铀矿化叠合
Fig. 8. The relationship between the paleo oxidized sandstone percentage, paleo interlayer oxidation zone and uranium mineralization of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 9 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段古氧化砂体比率与铀储层定量非均质性参数之间的相关性
a.与铀储层砂体厚度相关性；b.与含砂率相关性；c.与泥质隔挡层数量相关性；d.与泥质隔挡层累积厚度相关性
Fig. 9. The relativity between the paleo oxidized sandstone percentage and quantitative evaluation index parameters for uranium reservoir heterogeneity of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 10 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层定量非均质性参数与铀成矿关系统计
a.与铀储层砂体厚度关系；b.与含砂率关系；c.与砂岩平均粒度关系；d.与泥质隔挡层数量关系；e.与泥质隔挡层累积厚度关系；f.与原始有机碳含量关系
Fig. 10. The relationship between the quantitative evaluation index parameters for uranium reservoir heterogeneity and uranium mineralization of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
图 11 罕台庙地区铀储层非均质性控制下的铀成矿定量评价模型
Fig. 11. The quantitative evaluation model of uranium mineralization controlled by uranium reservoir heterogeneity in Hantaimiao region
表 1 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层内部原始有机碳含量与钻孔数量统计
Table 1. The statistical results of the original organic carbon content in uranium reservoir of J2z1-1 and well number in Hantaimiao region
原始有机碳含量(%) 0~0.1 0.1~0.2 0.2~0.3 0.3~0.4 钻孔数(个) 8 4 8 12 百分比(%) 25.0 12.5 25.0 37.5 
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表 2 罕台庙地区直罗组下段下亚段铀储层非均质性定量评价指标体系划分标准
Table 2. The classification criteria of the quantitative evaluation index system for uranium reservoir heterogeneity of J2z1-1 in Hantaimiao region
非均质性参数 类别(非均质性级别) Ⅰ类(弱) Ⅱ类(中等) Ⅲ类(强) 外部形态参数 铀储层砂体厚度 变化区间(m) ＞50 30～50 ＜30 铀储层砂体厚度 成矿几率(%) 11.36 72.73 15.91 含砂率 变化区间(%) 90～100 60～90 ＜60 含砂率 成矿几率(%) 24.49 75.51 0 内部结构参数 砂岩平均粒度 变化区间 粗砂岩 中砂岩 细砂岩 砂岩平均粒度 成矿几率(%) 18.18 72.73 9.09 泥质隔挡层数量 变化区间(层) 0 0～4 ＞4 泥质隔挡层数量 成矿几率(%) 11.36 84.09 4.55 泥质隔挡层累积厚度 变化区间(m) 0 0～6 ＞6 泥质隔挡层累积厚度 成矿几率(%) 11.36 70.46 18.18 原始有机碳含量 变化区间(%) 0～0.1 0.1～0.3 ＞0.3 原始有机碳含量 成矿几率(%) 25.00 62.50 12.50
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