含煤盆地转化为含煤-含气(油)盆地的构造地质环境

王庭斌; 张亚雄; 董立; 张玉银

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2016.020

含煤盆地转化为含煤-含气(油)盆地的构造地质环境

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.020

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
王庭斌(1936-)，男，教授级高级工程师，从事石油与天然气地质研究.E-mail: tingbin_bj@sina.com

中图分类号: P618.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-08-11
- 刊出日期: 2016-02-15

Geotectonic Setting of Coal-Bearing Basins Being Transformed into Coal-and Gas-(Oil-) Bearing Basins

Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 与含煤岩系相关大气田的开发是中国天然气储产量快速增长的主体，为了进一步阐明与含煤岩系相关大气田的勘探前景，在概述了已发现大气田分布特征的基础上，用实例总结了含煤-含气(油)盆地形成条件，明确指出虽然不同类型含煤盆地发展演化的构造地质环境不完全相同，但是所有含煤盆地能否转化成为含煤-含气(油)盆地的关键因素是相同的，即：含煤岩系沉积期间和含煤岩系沉积后是否以沉降为主，沉积期间及沉积后所经历的构造地质作用能否有效匹配.上述构造地质环境持续时间越长，各种构造地质作用有效匹配程度越好，越利于转化成为含煤-含气(油)盆地，越有利于形成大型气田.中国特定的构造地质环境决定了含煤岩系是中国最重要的气源岩，一些大中型含煤盆地是构造地质环境最优越的盆地，还有较大勘探潜力，仍然可以继续发现更多的大型煤成气田，是未来相当长一段时间内中国天然气产量持续快速增长的主要勘探方向.
- 含煤岩系 /
- 含煤盆地 /
- 含煤-含气(油)盆地 /
- 构造地质环境 /
- 石油地质
Abstract: The development of large coal-bearing gas fields is a major part of the rapid growth of the nature gas resource and production in China, this paper discusses the forming geotectonic setting affecting the hydrocarbon accumulation during and after the coal-bearing strata source rocks depositon period based on the distribution features of large coal-bearing gas fields, aiming to clarify the exploration potential of the large coal-related gas fields in China. It is found that potential coal-related basins being transformed into the coal-and gas-(oil-) bearing basins share the following key factors with different tectonic evolutions: there should mainly be stable subsidence both during and after the deposition of coal-bearing strata, and the various geotectonisms should effectively be matching to each other, and ensuring the total gas accumulation should be much larger than the total gas dissipation. The longer the above-mentioned geotectonic process is and the better matched the geotectonic factors are, the more favorable to large coal-and gas-(oil-) bearing basin formation. The coal-related basins are confirmed to be the most promising ones for future exploration due to the fact that they are major gas-source rocks and they remain the major exploration targets for large gas fields ensuring sharp increase of the production of natural gas industry.
- coal-bearing strata /
- coal-bearing basin /
- coal-and gas-(oil-) bearing basins /
- geotectonic setting /
- petroleum geology

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图 1 中国主要含煤盆地煤成气田(藏)成藏期示意

Fig. 1. Hydrocarbon accumulation periods of major coal-bearing basins in China

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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地石炭纪-二叠纪含煤岩系生气强度与煤成大气田

据戴金星(2009)

Fig. 2. Gas genereation strength and coal-bearing fields of Carboniferous-Permian in Ordos basin

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图 3 中国主要盆地3层结构与2个门限深度差异

Fig. 3. The difference of three major basin types and two threshold depth in China

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图 4 四川盆地普光气田区气藏储盖层组合示意面

据马永生等(2010)

Fig. 4. Sketch showing reservoir and cap rocks assemblages of Puguang gas field in Sichuan basin

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图 5 新场气田气藏纵向分布

Fig. 5. Vertical distribution of gas reservoirs in Xingchang gas field, Sichuan basin

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图 6 东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷保俶斜坡剖面结构

Fig. 6. Structure profile of Baochu slope in Xihu sag, East China Sea shelf basin

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图 7 库车坳陷克拉2气田成藏事件

据周兴熙(2003)

Fig. 7. Hydrocarbon accumulation event of Kela 2 gas field in Kuqa depression

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表 1 中国大型、特大型气田

Table 1. Large and giant gas field in China

气田规模	主要气源	气田名称
特大型	煤岩系	苏里格气田和大牛地气田
	含煤岩系与海相层混源	靖边气田和普光气田
	源自海相层	塔中1气田
大型	源自含煤岩系	榆林气田、子洲气田、乌审旗气田、神木气田、米脂气田、新场气田、安岳气田、广安气田、合川气田、八角场气田、洛带气田、邛西气田；克拉2气田、迪那2气田、大北1气田、大北气田、英迈7气田、克拉美丽气田、玛河气田、松辽气田、长岭1号气田、松南气田、龙深气田、春晓气田以及崖13-1气田
	含煤岩系与海相层混源	元坝气田、大天池气田、罗家寨气田、磨溪气田、铁山坡气田、渡口河气田以及卧龙河气田
	含煤岩系与湖相层混源	东方1-1气田、乐东22-1气田、荔湾3-1气田、番禹30-1气田、柯克亚气田、涩北1号气田、涩北2号气田、台南气田以及徐深气田(可能含有无机气)
	源自海相层	威远气田、和田河气田以及塔河气田

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表 2 5大含煤成气区与7套含煤岩系气源相关储量及其特大型、大型气田储量比例

Table 2. Gas reserves related to five major coal-related gas areas and seven sets of coal-bearing sequence and the percentage of large and giant gas field in China

含煤岩系气源	含煤成气区	主要含煤盆地	与煤成气相关气田		特大型气田			大型气田
含煤岩系气源	含煤成气区	主要含煤盆地	储量(10⁸m³)	比例(%)	气田(个)	储量(10⁸m³)	比例(%)	气田(个)	储量(10⁸m³)	比例(%)
C₂-P₂	华北区、西北区	鄂尔多斯、准噶尔	28975	43.42	3	21592	74.52	6	6315	21.86
P₃	南方区	四川	9890	14.82	1	3762	38.04	7	5206	52.64
T₃	南方区	四川	9000	12.19				7	8778	97.53
J_1-2	西北区	塔里木、准噶尔	8597	12.88				7	6653	77.39
J₃-K₁	东北区	松辽	3501	5.25				4	3279	93.66
E-N	海域区	莺琼、东海、珠江口	4578	6.86				6	3291	71.89
N-Q	西北区	柴达木三湖区	3056	4.58				3	2877	94.14
小计	全国与煤成气相关大气田储量		61753	100.00	4	25 354	41.06	40	36399	58.94
注：数据源自国土资源部(2011，全国各油气田油气矿产探明储量表，北京)，储量为约数.

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表 3 与含煤岩系相关的不同圈闭类型特大型、大型气田储量及储量丰度

Table 3. Statistics of reserves and reserve abundance of large and giant gas field of different coal related gas trap types

圈闭类型	气田规模
圈闭类型	特大型			气田名称	大型				气田名称
	累计储量	比例	最大~最小储量丰度		累计储量	比例	最大~最小储量丰度	丰度平均值
构造圈闭					10253	29.56	59.05~2.20	13.04(以特高-高为主)	克拉2、迪那2、大北、大北1、英迈7、柯克亚、邛西、八角场、卧龙河、春晓、荔湾3-1、番禹30-1、崖13-1、乐东22-1、东方1-1以及玛河
构造-岩性圈闭	3762	14.84	29.72(特高)	普光	8831	25.46	28.80~2.00	12.19(以特高-高为主)	新场、广安、台南洛带、涩北1、涩北2、铁山坡、罗家寨、渡口河以及磨溪
构造-火山机构圈闭					4575	13.19	28.80~7.79	14.57(以特高-高为主)	徐深、克拉美丽、长岭1号、松南以及龙深
地层岩性圈闭	4699	18.53	0.78(特低)	靖边
岩性圈闭	16893	66.63	1.38~2.41 (低)	苏里格、大牛地	11030	31.79	7.78~ 0.75	2.31(以低为主)	神木、米脂、榆林、子洲、乌审旗、合川、安岳、元坝以及洛带
注：累计储量的单位是10⁸m³；比例单位是%；丰度单位是10⁸m³/km².

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表 4 盆地类型与含煤岩系相关的大型、特大型气田储量

Table 4. Basin types and reserves of large and giant caol-related gas fields

盆地(坳陷)		克拉通内坳陷盆地	类前陆盆地	陆内坳陷盆地	陆内断陷盆地	陆缘断陷盆地
鄂尔多斯		26854(8)(1.21)
	川西		2691(3)(6.23)
四川	川中	2200(2)(3.07)		6086(4)(3.20)
	川东北	5291(4)(16.15)
塔里木	库车		5993(5)(22.86)
	塔西南		348(1)(17.98)
准噶尔			1366(2)(15.55)
柴达木			2878(3)(22.07)
松辽					3279(4)(17.45)
东海	西湖					330(1)(17.12)
珠江口	白云					775(2)(10.94)
莺琼	琼东南					978(1)(17.94)
	莺歌海					1208(2)(2.87)
小计		34345(14)(42.10)	10398(11)(12.75)	8964(7)(10.99)	3279(4)(4.02)	3291(6)(4.10)
注：表中34345(14)(56.03) 含意为：探明储量(10⁸m³)、大型及特大型气田数(个)和全国气层气储量中的百分比(%)；川东的卧龙河、大池干井气田未统计在内；数据王庭斌(2004a).

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表 5 成藏期盆地演化特征与特大型、大型煤成气田关系

Table 5. The relationship between evolution features of various coal-bearing basins and large and giant coal-related gas fields

类型	特大型+大型			特大型			大型
原型盆地-转化后盆地类型	气田数 (个)	累计储量 (10⁸m³)	比例 (%)	气田数 (个)	累计储量 (10⁸m³)	比例 (%)	气田数 (个)	累计储量 (10⁸m³)	比例 (%)
克拉通内坳陷	8	26854	43.49	3	21592	85.16	5	5262	14.45
克拉通内坳陷-高陡构造带	2	1477	2.39				2	1 477	4.06
克拉通内坳陷-陆内坳陷	1	702	1.14				1	702	1.93
克拉通坳陷-类前陆	5	6789	10.99	1	3762	14.84	4	3027	8.32
类前陆	11	10398	16.84				11	10398	28.57
陆内断陷-坳陷	4	3279	5.31				4	3279	9.01
陆内坳陷	7	8963	14.51				7	8963	24.62
陆缘断陷-坳陷	6	3291	5.33				6	3291	9.04
小计	44	61753	100.00	4	25354	100.00	40	36399	100.00

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