Crust-Mantle Structure beneath the Sinus Iridum- Mare Imbrium Basin of the Moon
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摘要: 为了探讨月球大型撞击盆地形成后的壳幔物质迁移, 采用新近的月球重力场数据研究壳幔界面的起伏情况, 这对撞击盆地的形成演化研究有重要意义.通过对虹湾-雨海盆地地区玄武岩引起的重力异常进行正演模拟, 发现该部分重力异常仅约占布格重力异常幅值的8%, 布格重力异常主要与壳幔界面起伏有关.对该地区不同解算高度的剩余布格重力异常进行场源边界提取, 发现虹湾-雨海西北部的壳幔界面随深度增加向雨海中心倾斜, 在此区域下方, 壳幔界面会有一个向虹湾方向的额外上隆, 可能为月幔物质曾向此方向涌动造成.分析表明这种月幔上涌情况可能在雨海撞击时形成, 或者可能是形成虹湾的撞击对雨海盆地壳幔结构产生了二次影响, 在虹湾地区的壳幔回弹过程中, 拖动雨海下方的物质向虹湾方向运移造成的.Abstract: In order to investigate the material migration of crust and mantle after the formation of large impact basins, a study on the undulation of crust-mantle interface, using new lunar gravity data is carried out. This has an important significance for the research of the formation and evolution of impact basin. The forward modeling of the gravity anomaly established by filling mare basalts in Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium basin area shows that the gravity anomaly only accounts for about 8% in the amplitude of total Bouguer gravity anomaly, while the rest 92% is mainly related to the perturbation of crust-mantle interface. The edge detection of the Bouguer gravity anomaly at different observing heights in Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium area indicates that the crust-mantle interface beneath the area of Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium northwest leans to the center of Mare Imbrium with increasing depth. It is concluded that extra mantle uplifts to Sinus Iridum area in the crust-mantle interface may have been caused by the impact forming Mare Imbrium basin. This or the later Sinus Iridum impact may have induced a second effect on the crust-mantle structure beneath Mare Imbrium basin. During the lunar mantle rebounds, there may have been a force dragging the mantle beneath the Mare Imbrium toward the Sinus Iridum area.
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Key words:
- Moon /
- Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium area /
- crust-mantle structure /
- gravity /
- edge detection
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图 1 理论模型垂向剖面(a、b和c)及场源边界提取结果(a1、b1和c1)
a, a1.模型1；b, b1.模型2；c, c1.模型3
Fig. 1. Three models' vertical profiles (a、b and c) and source boundary extraction results (a1、b1 and c1)
图 3 虹湾-雨海地区距参考球面10 km高度处布格重力异常
Fig. 3. Bouguer gravity anomaly of Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium basin area in height of 10 km away from reference sphere
图 4 不同高斯滤波半径下，高斯滤波因子Wi随球谐阶次变化曲线
Fig. 4. Curves of Gaussian filtering factor Wi changing with the degree of spherical harmonics under different radiuses of Ganssian filter
图 5 虹湾-雨海地区布格重力异常(a)及滤波前与滤波后布格重力异常差值(b)
Fig. 5. Filtered-Bouguer gravity anomaly (a), as well as the difference of original- and filtered-Bouguer gravity anomaly (b) of Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium basin area
图 6 虹湾-雨海地区玄武岩单元划分及其年龄、体积估算
年龄据Hiesinger et al.(2000, 2011)；体积估算据Oshigami et al.(2014)
Fig. 6. Sketch of mare basalt units in Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium showing unit numbers and model ages in billion years, and estimated volumes of three units defined by previous studies
图 8 减去玄武岩重力效应后的剩余布格重力异常
Fig. 8. Residual Bouguer gravity anomaly after removing the gravity anomaly of a single-layer basalt model
图 9 虹湾-雨海地区(a)及虹湾地区(b)不同解算高度剩余布格重力异常场源边界提取结果
红线、蓝线、绿线分别代表 10、100和200 km观测高度上的剩余布格重力异常边界提取结果
Fig. 9. Source boundaries beneath Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium basin (a) and Sinus Iridum area (b) extracted from residual Bouguer gravity anomalies at different height levels
图 10 虹湾-雨海地区壳幔界面高程
Fig. 10. Elevation of crust-mantle boundary beneanth Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium basin area
图 11 虹湾-雨海地区AA′剖面壳幔界面高程示意图(a)及本文壳幔结构正演重力异常与原始剩余布格重力异常结果对比(b)
Fig. 11. Elevation of the crust-mantle boundary (a), as well as the gravity anomaly forward of speculated crust-mantle structure and residual Bouguer gravity anomaly under profile AA′ (b)
表 1 虹湾-雨海地区3个玄武岩单元厚度信息统计表
Table 1. Thickness information of three magmatic units in Sinus Iridum-Mare Imbrium
地质单元 体积(km3) 面积(km2) 厚度(km) I10 1×104 4 792 2.1 I17 2×103 1 463 1.4 I18 1×104 5 604 1.8 
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