华南李家沱剖面寒武纪纽芬兰世海水氧化还原性质演化及其驱动因素

向雷; 蔡春芳; 贺训云; 姜磊; 袁余洋; 汪天凯; 贾连奇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2015.100

华南李家沱剖面寒武纪纽芬兰世海水氧化还原性质演化及其驱动因素

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.100

向雷^{1, 2,},
蔡春芳²,
贺训云²,
姜磊²,
袁余洋²,
汪天凯²,
贾连奇²

1.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029
2.
中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所, 江苏南京 210008

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目 2011CB808800

国家基金委重大项目 41290260

国家杰出青年基金项目 41125009

详细信息

作者简介:
向雷(1982-), 男, 博士后, 主要从事古环境地球化学研究.E-mail: 649900940@qq.com

中图分类号: P632
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2015-07-15

Ocean Redox State Evolution and Its Controlling Factors during Cambrian Terreneuvian Epoch: Evidence from Lijiatuo Section, South China

1.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2.
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

摘要

摘要: 大气-海洋含氧量的演化对埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪转折期的后生动物大爆发事件具有重要影响.为探讨寒武纪纽芬兰世中国南方海洋氧化还原性质的演化及其初级生产力、海水硫酸盐浓度等演化驱动因素, 分析了李家沱剖面纽芬兰世留茶坡组和小烟溪组微量元素、有机碳含量、有机碳同位素、总硫含量、黄铁矿硫同位素等.该剖面沉积于斜坡-盆地环境且出露齐全.该剖面上V/Sc、Th/U及Mo、U、V、Ni、Cu等元素的富集系数呈现出5个变化旋回, 其中留茶坡组中上部和小烟溪组中部各存在一氧化环境段, 其余层段处于缺氧环境, 而Re/Mo则显示仅在小烟溪组中部水体出现过短暂的氧化环境和含有游离H₂S的硫化环境, 其余层段处于没有游离H₂S的缺氧非硫化环境.Ba、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd等微量元素的富集系数及TOC表明: 留茶坡组的有机质沉降量和埋藏量都明显小于上覆小烟溪组; 而在小烟溪组中, 其中部有机质的沉降量和埋藏量最低, 下部最高, 上部次之.TOC/TS、TS以及黄铁矿硫同位素的垂向演化趋势等都显示李家沱剖面纽芬兰世大都处于低海水硫酸盐浓度环境.低海水硫酸盐浓度是造成李家沱剖面纽芬兰世缺氧水体未富集游离H₂S的主要原因.大气含氧量的升高是导致李家沱剖面小烟溪组中部出现短暂氧化环境以及近硫化环境的主要原因.
- 微量元素 /
- 黄铁矿硫同位素 /
- 氧化还原性质 /
- 海水硫酸盐浓度 /
- 纽芬兰世 /
- 李家沱剖面 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The evolution of atmospheric and oceanic oxygen content played an important role in the metazoans' radiation around Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. To explore the vertical stratigraphic evolution and controls of the redox ocean state, primary productivity and seawater sulfate levels during the Terreneuvian epoch, South China, Lijiatuo section, a well-exposed one that is located in the slope and basin environment and consists of mudstones of Xiaoyanxi Formation and cherts of Liuchapo Formation, is selected as the study area for an in-depth analysis of the trace elements, total organic carbon(TOC), organic carbon isotopes, total sulfur(TS) and the sulfur isotope of the pyrite. Based on the ratios of V/Sc, Th/U and the enrichment factors of Mo, U, V, Ni and Cu in the Lijiatuo section, five oxic-anoxic cycles are identified across the Terreneuvian epoch. Except for the middle-upper Liuchapo Formation and the middle Xiaoyanxi Formation, the rest parts of the Lijiatuo section are under anoxic conditions. The Re/Mo ratios demonstrate that the oxic environment of the middle Xiaoyanxi Formation is accompanied by transient sulfidic conditions, and the rest parts of the section are under anoxic and non-sulfidic conditions. All the TOC and the enrichment factors of Ba, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd demonstrate that both the sink and burial flux of organic matter of Liuchapo Formation are lower than those of the overlying Xiaoyanxi Formation. The highest sink and burial fluxes of organic matter in the Xiaoyanxi Formation appeare in its lower parts, however, whereas the lowest sink and burial fluxes of organic matter in the Xiaoyanxi Formation appeare in its middle parts. The proxies of TOC/TS, TS and the vertical trend of sulfur isotope of pyrite show that the majority of the Lijiatuo section is under low seawater sulfate levels. The low seawater sulfate level was the dominating control for the depletion of free H₂S in the majority of the anoxic depositional environment of Lijiatuo section during Terreneuvian epoch. The rise of the atmospheric oxygen content was the principal driver for the coupled, transient oxic and near sulfidic environment in the middle Xiaoyanxi Formation.
- trace element /
- sulfur isotope of pyrite /
- redox state /
- seawater sulfate level /
- Terreneuvian epoch /
- Lijiatuo section /
- geochemisty

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图 1 中国南方早中纽芬兰世岩相(a)和晚纽芬兰世岩相古地理分布(b)

据Goldberg et al.(2007)和Jiang et al.(2012)修改.1.沙滩剖面；2.三峡地区；3.柑子坪剖面；4.李家沱剖面；5龙鼻嘴剖面；6.松桃剖面；7.泗里口剖面；8.渣拉沟剖面；9.松林剖面；10.戈仲伍剖面；11.肖滩剖面；12.老林剖面；13.梅树村剖面

Fig. 1. Simplified palaeogeographic map of Yangtze platform during the Early-Middle Terreneuvian epoch (a) and Yangtze platform during the Late Terreneuvian epoch (b)

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图 2 李家沱剖面有机碳含量、同位素组成及Ba、Ni、Cd、Cu、Zn等元素的富集系数

Fig. 2. TOC, δ¹³C_org, and the enrichment factors of Ba, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn from the Lijiatuo section, South China

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图 3 李家沱剖面总硫含量、黄铁矿硫同位素、Re/Mo×1000、Th/U、V/Sc及Mo、U、V富集系数

Fig. 3. TS, δ³⁴S_py, Re/Mo×1000, Th/U, V/Sc and the enrichment factors of Mo, U and V from the Lijiatuo section, South China

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图 4 有机碳同位素组成与有机碳含量交会点

▲表示留茶坡组；●表示小烟溪组

Fig. 4. Crossplot of TOC versus δ¹³C_org in the Lijiatuo section

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图 5 李家沱剖面与不同相区的肖滩剖面、三峡地区、柑子坪剖面及龙鼻嘴剖面的碳同位素对比

虚线代表无机碳同位素; 实线代表有机碳同位素

Fig. 5. The cabon istopes sratigraphic correlaion across the South China from the inner shelf to basin transection, including the Lijiatuo section, Xiaotan section, Three Gorges, Ganziping section and Longbizui section

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表 1 李家坨剖面地球化学数据

Table 1. Geochemical data of the Lijiatuo section during the Terreneuvian stage, South China

样品号	样品深度(m)	TOC (%)	δ¹³C_org (V-PDB‰)	TS (%)	δ³⁴S_py (V-CDT‰)	Th	Mo	Mo-ef	U	U-ef	V	V-ef	Ba	Ba-ef	Ni	Ni-ef
L-X-54	140.11	5.4	-32.9	0.1		11.6	24.10	29.70	33.70	45.7	194.0	1.7	4092	7.8	7.70	0.2
L-X-52	132.61	4.9	-32.9	0.1		10.1	30.60	43.30	71.50	111.2	1531.0	15.5	2315	5.0	111.00	2.6
L-X-51	128.71	0.6	-31.8	0.0		4.4	7.69	25.20	16.20	58.3	362.0	8.5	2255	11.4	6.44	0.4
L-X-50	125.91	6.1	-33.1	0.1		6.6	16.30	35.40	13.70	32.7	1682.0	26.1	2379	7.9	18.40	0.7
L-X-48	121.91	6.4	-33.0	0.1		6.0	15.60	37.50	13.60	35.9	3905.0	67.0	1266	4.7	16.00	0.6
L-X-47	119.21	5.2	-32.6	0.1		4.0	11.60	41.50	8.90	35.0	1613.0	41.2	1233	6.8	11.20	0.7
L-X-46	114.61	7.7	-32.8	0.1		3.6	22.40	90.00	12.10	53.4	2041.0	58.6	1892	11.7	15.80	1.1
L-X-44	111.11	13.1	-32.9	0.2	15.1	4.0	32.30	114.90	11.50	45	254.0	6.5	1705	9.3	16.20	1.0
L-X-41	105.81	13.2	-33.0	0.2	19.0	4.8	60.80	183.00	18.70	61.9	348.0	7.5	1852	8.6	19.20	1.0
L-X-39	102.76	11.8	-33.0	0.2		4.7	46.40	140.30	14.50	48.2	275.0	5.9	1558	7.3	12.50	0.6
L-X-38	99.21	8.8	-33.3	0.1		5.8	54.20	134.10	17.30	47	2080.0	36.8	1007	3.8	19.50	0.8
L-X-36	95.36	8.5	-33.5	0.1		4.3	31.60	105.60	28.90	106.1	1708.0	40.8	928	4.8	26.00	1.5
L-X-34	92.15	11.3	-33.4	0.2	18.9	4.7	98.90	299.63	14.80	49.3	2443.0	52.9	1150	5.4	28.90	1.5
L-X-32	88.95	12.7	-33.6	0.2		3.7	136.00	521.40	18.50	77.9	2152.0	58.9	1308	7.7	28.90	1.9
L-X-31	86.15	2.0	-32.7	3.5	25.7	7.9	12.20	22.00	28.40	56.4	818.0	10.6	8947	24.9	49.70	1.5
L-X-29	82.35	4.2	-31.6	2.6	21.9	13.0	10.40	11.40	13.60	16.4	176.0	1.4	2670	4.5	41.90	0.8
L-X-28	78.55	1.1	-27.8	0.0		16.5	2.60	2.20	4.70	4.5	83.5.0	0.5	3082	4.1	24.50	0.4
L-X-26	72.75	1.0	-29.3	0.1	14.2	12.4	0.70	0.80	3.97	5.0	133.0	1.1	2254	4.0	26.90	0.5
L-X-24	68.35	1.4	-29.3	0.1	17.3	12.2	0.90	1.00	3.70	4.8	82.3	0.7	4650	8.4	18.90	0.4
L-X-23	64.75	7.3	-30.9	8.4	31.1	8.0	8.30	15.00	6.70	13.2	172.0	2.2	15751	43.5	23.00	0.7
L-X-21	62.73	16.6	-31.4	0.4	23.4	6.7	53.20	113.40	20.70	48.5	710.0	10.8	6151	20.2	23.90	0.9
L-X-19	60.53	18.7	-32.7	0.4		5.7	51.90	131.40	22.80	63.4	618.0	11.2	7277	28.3	29.00	1.2
L-X-18	56.53	19.4	-32.5	0.4	17.8	4.1	76.60	264.60	12.60	47.8	729.0	18.0	5037	26.8	33.50	1.9
L-X-17	52.93	1.4	-32.3	0.2		0.4	12.10	460.20	23.00	961.3	544.0	147.8	7420	434.2	11.40	7.2
L-X-16	43.93	11.9	-33.6	0.7	13.1	2.7	58.20	314.10	16.80	99.6	525.0	20.2	16882	140.2	25.70	2.3
L-X-14	40.53	1.6	-33.3	0.1	17.8	0.3	5.70	323.20	1.50	93.0	154.0	62.9	3641	320.4	6.90	6.6
L-X-11	36.41	1.6	-33.1	0.1	18.2	0.3	2.80	131.60	6.80	353.4	108.0	36.7	2534	185.2	9.80	7.7
L-X-09	34.06	9.4	-32.9	0.5	18.5	2.7	7.60	40.70	12.10	71.2	1208.0	46.2	3420	28.2	46.20	4.1
L-X-07	32.41	5.7	-32.5	0.4	20.6	1.0	2.40	34.30	4.00	64.2	475.0	49.6	1444	32.5	50.90	12.4
L-X-05	31.95	8.3	-32.9	0.5	17.2	3.2	8.40	38.00	14.40	71.8	1499.0	48.6	3204	22.4	40.60	3.1
L-X-03	29.98	8.1	-32.4	0.4	22.7	3.4	9.10	38.90	19.60	92.2	1265.0	38.7	4256	28.0	21.60	1.5
L-X-02	28.08	0.8	-32.4	0.1		1.0	4.30	62.30	3.50	54.9	577.0	59.7	5101	113.7	4.80	1.2
L-X-01	26.48	0.1	-31.2	0.0	13.1	0.2	2.00	148.30	4.00	333.3	78.9	42.4	906	104.9	6.60	8.3
L-L-12	26.45	0.7	-34.0	0.1	16.8	0.2	0.80	72.90	2.80	280.8	26.0	17.1	485	68.8	1.90	3.0
L-L-11	25.20	0.5	-33.5	0.0		0.3	1.90	105.80	4.40	275.9	96.7	39.5	570	50.2	3.60	3.4
L-L-10	23.20	0.9	-33.0	0.0		0.4	3.70	125.60	11.50	431.3	167.0	40.7	1405	73.8	4.30	2.4
L-L-09	20.50	0.3	-32.6	0.1	8.43	2.5	1.80	10.30	7.40	47.0	34.2	1.4	1447	12.9	3.50	0.3
L-L-08	19.10	0.3	-33.3	0.0		3.0	2.10	10.10	1.30	7.0	35.6	1.2	1050	7.6	1.70	0.1
L-L-07	15.70	1.0	-33.9	0.1	13.80	2.4	1.40	8.40	0.90	6.1	32.3	1.4	1252	11.5	1.80	0.2
L-L-06	13.60	1.3	-34.3	0.1		0.5	18.40	489.10	2.60	75.9	113.0	21.5	365	14.9	3.60	1.6
L-L-04	9.00	0.9	-34.7	0.0		0.8	21.10	379.50	5.60	111.1	177.0	22.7	478	13.2	3.40	1.0
L-L-03	6.70	0.7	-34.0	0.0		0.8	7.00	131.90	9.30	193.0	165.0	22.2	1357	39.3	5.20	1.6
L-L-01	0.0	0.1	-32.1	0.1	5.90	5.5	4.10	10.50	76.20	216.9	13.1	0.2	820	3.3	9.80	0.4

样品号	样品深度(m)	Cd		Cd-ef	Cu	Cu-ef	Zn	Zn-ef	Sc		V/Sc	Th/U	Re		Re/Mo×1000
L-X-54	140.11	0.1		1.4	17.9	0.3	28.3	0.90	10.5		18.5	0.3	0.353		14.7
L-X-52	132.61	0.7		9.4	464.0	8.8	101.0	3.86	14.2		107.8	0.1	0.803		26.2
L-X-51	128.71	0.6		19.5	35.4	1.5	39.7	3.30	5.5		65.5	0.3	0.005		0.7
L-X-50	125.91	0.5		11.1	25.0	0.7	31.0	1.70	6.4		262.8	0.5	0.083		5.1
L-X-48	121.91	0.2		4.5	15.1	0.5	31.4	1.90	6.8		570.9	0.4	0.164		10.5
L-X-47	119.21	0.1		2.6	94.9	4.5	16.4	1.50	4.3		376.0	0.5	0.054		4.7
L-X-46	114.61	0.2		9.6	12.4	0.7	14.6	1.50	4.4		467.1	0.3	0.137		6.1
L-X-44	111.11	0.1		4.8	10.5	0.5	13.6	1.20	5.4		47.5	0.4	0.021		0.7
L-X-41	105.81	0.1		1.6	7.4	0.3	23.7	1.80	7.2		48.6	0.3	0.041		0.7
L-X-39	102.76	0.1		2.8	9.5	0.4	20.0	1.50	5.1		53.7	0.3	0.013		0.3
L-X-38	99.21	0.1		1.0	20.3	0.7	35.0	2.20	7.1		293.0	0.3	0.088		1.6
L-X-36	95.36	0.3		10.6	175.0	7.8	31.5	2.60	5.6		305.0	0.2	0.149		4.7
L-X-34	92.15	0.3		7.9	18.3	0.7	13.0	1.00	5.7		431.6	0.3	0.235		2.4
L-X-32	88.95	0.2		6.6	83.1	4.3	17.7	1.70	6.9		312.8	0.2	0.211		1.6
L-X-31	86.15	0.5		8.7	79.5	1.9	30.0	1.40	11.6		70.5	0.3	0.009		0.7
L-X-29	82.35	0.2		1.8	44.6	0.7	56.8	1.60	13.4		13.1	1.0	0.009		0.9
L-X-28	78.55	0.2		1.5	15.0	0.2	86.2	1.90	18.5		4.5	3.5	0.021		8.2
L-X-26	72.75	0.2		1.9	16.7	0.3	83.0	2.40	14.9		8.9	3.1	0.027		39.1
L-X-24	68.35	0.2		1.8	18.6	0.3	83.6	2.50	18.3		4.5	3.3	0.005		5.8
L-X-23	64.75	0.2		2.9	25.2	0.6	46.1	2.10	6.7		25.8	1.2	0.009		1.1
L-X-21	62.73	0.2		3.9	10.6	0.3	23.2	1.20	8.2		86.5	0.3	0.053		1.0
L-X-19	60.50	0.3		7.3	13.3	0.5	20.4	1.30	6.7		91.8	0.3	0.055		1.1
L-X-18	56.53	0.1		3.5	12.1	0.6	11.1	1.00	2.7		266.1	0.3	0.094		1.2
L-X-17	52.93	5.1		1935.8	63.8	32.4	160.0	152.10	0.9		635.5	0.1	0.094		7.8
L-X-16	43.93	0.2		13.0	27.1	2.0	47.9	6.50	3.7		140.4	0.2	0.057		1.0
L-X-14	40.53	0.1		81.2	39.5	30.1	11.3	16.20	0.3		532.9	0.2	0.030		5.3
L-X-11	36.41	3.5		1662.8	39.1	24.8	62.4	74.10	0.4		244.3	0.1	0.047		17.0
L-X-09	34.06	0.2		11.3	105.0	7.5	20.7	2.80	3.0		408.1	0.2	0.020		2.6
L-X-07	32.41	1.6		236.6	52.9	10.3	100.0	36.50	1.1		443.9	0.2	0.006		2.6
L-X-05	31.95	0.5		21.9	41.7	2.5	39.3	4.50	2.8		543.1	0.2	0.027		3.2
L-X-03	29.98	0.1		4.9	287.0	16.4	26.2	2.80	4.1		310.8	0.2	0.063		6.9
L-X-02	28.08	0.2		27.1	51.3	9.9	10.7	3.90	0.8		726.7	0.3	0.040		9.3
L-X-01	26.48	0.1		3.8	15.5	15.6	36.2	68.10	0.7		111.1	0.1	--		--
L-L-12	26.45	0.1		120.9	46.6	57.3	8.9	20.60	0.3		85.3	0.1	0.007		8.9
L-L-11	25.20	0.1		60.6	30.6	23.3	14.6	20.90	0.5		202.3	0.1	0.003		1.6
L-L-10	23.20	0.3		93.5	47.7	21.7	15.0	12.80	1.0		173.4	0.1	0.014		3.8
L-L-09	20.50	0.8		48.2	9.1	0.7	26.0	3.80	3.0		11.6	0.3	0.003		1.7
L-L-08	19.10	--		--	9.41	0.6	6.3	0.80	3.8		9.4	2.3	0.004		1.9
L-L-07	15.70	0.1		3.3	5.5	0.4	5.6	0.80	2.6		12.5	2.6	0.003		2.1
L-L-06	13.60	0.2		48.9	18.6	6.6	8.7	5.80	0.7		156.7	0.2	0.034		1.9
L-L-04	9.00	0.2		26.8	14.3	3.4	6.6	3.00	1.6		114.2	0.1	0.020		1.0
L-L-03	6.70	0.2		29.0	37.3	9.4	17.6	8.30	1.2		135.3	0.1	0.031		4.4
L-L-01	0	4.4		114.2	14.1	0.5	142.0	9.20	10.5		1.3	0.1	0.025		6.2
注：微量元素含量单位为10^-6.

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