Sequence Stratigraphic Framework and Reef Growth Unit of Well Xike-1 from Xisha Islands, South China Sea
-
摘要: 碳酸盐岩礁滩体系是南海海域重要的油气储层之一.南海西沙岛屿全取心的科学钻井——西科1井, 为南海碳酸盐岩礁滩体系的详细研究提供极好的条件.通过西科1井岩心的宏观描述及微观分析, 结合高分辨岩心扫描及大量分析测试结果, 对碳酸盐岩礁滩体系展开了精细研究.根据识别出的6个暴露面、2个淹没面, 将西科1井中中新世以来划分为9个三级层序.其中晚中新世黄流组和第四系乐东组为主要成礁期, 以海泛面和暴露面为标志, 将礁体归纳为淹没型生长单元和暴露型生长单元两大类, 暴露型又进一步细分为硬基底和软基底两类, 淹没型可细分为快速淹没和缓慢淹没两类.垂向上形成了极具特色的礁体组合, 即慢步礁(或淹没礁)、同步礁(加积礁)、快步礁(暴露礁).研究成果对于南海生物礁生长过程及碳酸盐岩礁滩储层勘探具有重要参考价值.Abstract: Carbonatite reef-bank system is one of the most important reservoirs in South China Sea. Well Xike-1, as a full-coring scientific drilling on the Paracel Islands, provides excellent conditions for the detailed study of the carbonatite reef-bank system. A deep study on carbonatite reef-bank system is made in the paper, using the macro-description and micro-analysis of cores obtained from well Xike-1, as well as high-resolution core scanning and many other tests results. The research indicates that 6 exposed surfaces, 2 flooding surfaces are recognized since Middle Miocene, and the well Xike-1 can be divided into 9 third-order sequences. The Late Miocene Huangliu Formation and Quaternary Ledong Formation are taken as the main reef-forming intervals, according to the characteristics of flooding surface and exposed surface, reef can be generalized into 2 types: submerged growth unit and exposed growth unit, the former can be subdivided into hard-based and soft-based, the latter can be subdivided into rapid-submerge and slow-submerge. Distinctive reef complexes are assembled vertically: drowned reef, aggradational reef, exposed reef. Results can be of huge value for the exploration of carbonatite reef-bank reservoirs, as well as the study of growing process of the reef in South China Sea.
-
Key words:
- well Xike-1 /
- organic reef /
- sequence division /
- growth unit /
- marine geology
-
图 1 南海主要盆地和西科1井位置(底图据中国地图，中国地图出版社，2013)
Fig. 1. The main basins in South China Sea and the position of well Xike-1
图 2 典型暴露面(埋深288 m)及其邻近岩石的宏观和显微特征
Fig. 2. Micro and macro characteristics of the typical exposure surface (288 m) and its adjacent rocks
图 3 典型海泛面(埋深214.89 m)及其邻近岩石的宏观和显微特征
Fig. 3. Micro and macro characteristics of the typical sea flooding surface (214.89 m) and its adjacent rocks
图 4 西科1井关键界面和层序划分
层序地层和海平面变化据Haq et al.(1987)和李前裕(2007)重新计算
Fig. 4. The identification and division of key surfaces and sequence units in well Xike-1
图 6 硬基底型礁滩生长单元的岩相和生物组合
Fig. 6. The lithofacies and biogenic assembly in hard base typed reef growth unit
图 7 软基底型礁滩生长单元的岩相和生物组合
Fig. 7. The lithofacies and biogenic assembly in soft base typed reef growth unit
图 9 快速淹没型礁生长单元中岩相和生物组合
Fig. 9. The litho facies and biogenic assembly in fast drowned typed reef growth unit
-
[1] Alsharhan, A.S., 1987. Geology and Reservoir Characteristics of Carbonate Buildup in Giant Bu-Hasa Oil Field, Abu-Dhabi, United-Arab-Emirates. AAPG Bulletin, 71(10): 1304-1318. doi: 10.1306/703C8065-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D [2] Chen, L., Lu, Y.C., Wang, Z.F., et al., 2011. Structure of Carbonate Platform Margin and Characteristics of Reef and Their Controlling Factors in Western Deep-Water Region of South China Sea. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 33(6): 607-612 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201106012.htm [3] Chen, P., Lu, Y.C., Wang, Z.F., et al., 2012. Seismic Image Prediction of Cenozoic Reef-Banks in the Northwestern South China Sea. Journal of Earth Science, 23(4): 597-611. doi: 10.1007/s12583-012-0277-y [4] Fang, N.Q., Liu, H., Li, Q., et al., 2013. The Pattern of Carbonate Sedimentation and Its Relation to the Evolution of the South China Sea in Cenozoic. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(5): 227-234 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/289615112_The_pattern_of_carbonate_sedimentation_and_its_relation_to_the_evolution_of_the_South_China_Sea_in_Cenozoic [5] Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J., Vail, P.R., 1987. Chronology of Fluctuating Sea Levels since the Triassic. Science, 235(4793): 1156-1167. doi: 10.1126/science.235.4793.1156 [6] Harris, P.M.M., 2010. Delineating and Quantifying Depositional Facies Patterns in Carbonate Reservoirs: Insight from Modern Analogs. AAPG Bulletin, 94(1): 61-86. doi: 10.1306/07060909014 [7] Heldt, M., Lehmann, J., Bachmann, M., et al., 2010. Increased Terrigenous Influx but no Drowning: Palaeoenvironmental Evolution of the Tunisian Carbonate Platform Margin during the Late Aptian. Sedimentology, 57(2): 695-719. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01115.x [8] Jia, X.L., He, D.F., Tong, X.G., et al., 2011. Distribution of Global Giant Oil and Gas Fields. China Petroleum Exploration, 16(3): 1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY201103003.htm [9] Kusumastuti, A., Van Rensbergen, P., Warren, J.K., 2002. Seismic Sequence Analysis and Reservoir Potential of Drowned Miocene Carbonate Platforms in the Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. AAPG Bulletin, 86(2): 213-232. doi: 10.1306/61EEDA94-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D [10] Liu, J., Shi, H.S., Du, J.Y., et al., 2007. Forming Conditions and Exploration Direction of Reef Oil-Gas Pool in Carbonate Platform of Dongsha Massif. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 26(1): 22-27(in Chinese with English abstract). [11] Lü, B.Q., Xu, G.Q., Wang, H.G., et al., 2002. Sea Floor Spreading Recorded by Drowning Events of Cenozoic Carbonate Platforms in the South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geology, 37(4): 405-414(in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzkx200204003 [12] Lü, C.L., Yao, Y.J., Wu, S.G., et al., 2011. Seismic Responses and Sedimentary Characteristics of the Miocene Wan'an Carbonate Platform in the Southern South China Sea. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36(5): 931-938 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285733390_Seismic_responses_and_sedimentary_characteristics_of_the_Miocene_Wan'an_carbonate_platform_in_the_southern_South_China_Sea [13] Lü, X.X., Jin, Z.J., 2000. Distribution Patterns of Oil-Gas Fields in the Carbonate Rocks. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 21(3): 8-12 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200003001.htm [14] Ma, Y.B., Wu, S.G., Du, X.H., et al., 2011. Evolutionary Model and Control Factors of Xisha Carbonate Buildup. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 31(4): 59-67(in Chinese with English abstract). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MGQG...31...59M [15] Ma, Y.Z., Seto, A., Gomez, E., 2009. Depositional Facies Analysis and Modeling of the Judy Creek Reef Complex of the Upper Devonian Swan Hills, Alberta, Canada. AAPG Bulletin, 93(9): 1235-1256. doi: 10.1306/05220908103 [16] Qiu, Y., Wang, Y.M., 2001. Reefs and Paleostructure and Paleoenvironment in the South China Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 21(1): 65-73 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292753429_Reefs_and_paleostructure_and_paleoenvironment_in_the_South_China_Sea [17] Shen, J.W., Webb, G.E., Jell, J.S., 2008. Platform Margins, Reef Facies, and Microbial Carbonates: A Comparison of Devonian Reef Complexes in the Canning Basin, Western Australia, and the Guilin Region, South China. Earth-Science Reviews, 88(1-2): 33-59. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.01.002 [18] Wei, P.S., Liu, Q.X., Zhang, J.L., et al., 2006. Re-discussion of Relationship between Reef and Giant Oil-Gas Fields. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 27(2): 38-42 (in Chinese with English abstract). [19] Wei, X., Deng, J.F., Xie, W.Y., et al., 2005. Constraints on Biogenetic Reef Formation during Evolution of the South China Sea and Exploration Potential Analysis. Earth Science Frontiers, 12(3): 245-252(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292705542_Constraints_on_biogenetic_reef_formation_during_evolution_of_the_South_China_Sea_and_exploration_potential_analysis [20] Wu, S.G., Yuan, S.Q., Dong, D.D., et al., 2009. The Miocene Reef Development Characteristics in Northern South China Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 40(2): 117-121(in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/hyyhz200902002 [21] Wu, S.G., Yuan, S.Q., Zhang, G.C., et al., 2009. Seismic Characteristics of a Reef Carbonate Reservoir and Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration in Deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(6): 817-823. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.04.008 [22] Wu, Y.B., Gong, Y.M., 2013. Growth Forms of Devonian Stromatoporoids and Their Environmental Significance in South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 87(6): 887-904 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=DZXE201306012&dbcode=CJFD&year=2013&dflag=pdfdown [23] Yang, C.P., Yao, Y.J., Li, X.J., et al., 2014. Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Cycle of Miocene Carbonate Buildups in Zengmu Basin, the Southern South China Sea. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 39(1): 91-98(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.009 [24] Yao, Y, Liu, H., Yang, C., et al., 2012. Characteristics and Evolution of Cenozoic Sediments in the Liyue Basin, SE South China Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 60: 114-129. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.08.003 [25] Zampetti, V., Schlager, W., Van Konijnenburg, J.H., et al., 2004. Architecture and Growth History of a Miocene Carbonate Platform from 3D Seismic Reflection Data; Luconia Province, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(5): 517-534. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.01.006 [26] Zhang, G.X., Wu, S.G., Zhu, W.L., et al., 2011. Geophysical Response of the Liuhua Carbonate Platform in Northern South China Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 31(4): 105-112(in Chinese with English abstract). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MGQG...31..105Z [27] Zhao, H.T., Wu, S.G., Ma, Y.B., et al., 2012. An Evolutionary Model of Bio-Reefs at the Dongsha Uplift, Zhujiangkou Basin, South China Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 32(1): 43-50 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201201011.htm [28] 陈雷, 陆永潮, 王振峰, 等, 2011. 南海西部深水区台缘结构、生物礁发育特征及控制因素分析. 石油实验地质, 33(6): 607-612. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2011.06.010 [29] 方念乔, 刘豪, 李琦, 等, 2013. 南海新生代碳酸盐沉积与区域构造演化. 地学前缘, 20(5): 227-234. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201305025.htm [30] 贾小乐, 何登发, 童晓光, 等, 2011. 全球大油气田分布特征. 中国石油勘探, 16(3): 1-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2011.03.001 [31] 刘军, 施和生, 杜家元, 等, 2007. 东沙隆起台地生物礁、滩油藏成藏条件及勘探思路探讨. 热带海洋学报, 26(1): 22-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2007.01.004 [32] 吕炳全, 徐国强, 王红罡, 等, 2002. 南海新生代碳酸盐台地淹没事件记录的海底扩张. 地质科学, 37(4): 405-414. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200204002.htm [33] 吕彩丽, 姚永坚, 吴时国, 等, 2011. 南沙海区万安盆地中新世碳酸盐台地的地震响应与沉积特征. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 36(5): 931-938. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201105022.htm [34] 吕修祥, 金之钧, 2000. 碳酸盐岩油气田分布规律. 石油学报, 21(3): 8-12. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2000.03.002 [35] 马玉波, 吴时国, 杜晓慧, 等, 2011. 西沙碳酸盐岩建隆发育模式及其主控因素. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 31(4): 59-67. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201104011.htm [36] 邱燕, 王英民, 2001. 南海第三纪生物礁分布与古构造和古环境. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 21(1): 65-73. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ200101012.htm [37] 卫平生, 刘全新, 张景廉, 等, 2006. 再论生物礁与大油气田的关系. 石油学报, 27(2): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200602007.htm [38] 魏喜, 邓晋福, 谢文彦, 等, 2005. 南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气藏勘探潜力分析. 地学前缘, 12(3): 245-252. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.026 [39] 吴时国, 袁圣强, 董冬冬, 等, 2009. 南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征. 海洋与湖沼, 40(2): 117-121. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2009.02.002 [40] 吴义布, 龚一鸣, 2013. 华南泥盆纪层孔虫生长形态及其环境意义. 地质学报, 87(6): 887-904. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2013.06.012 [41] 杨楚鹏, 姚永坚, 李学杰, 等, 2014. 南海南部曾母盆地中新世碳酸盐岩的层序地层. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 39(1): 91-98. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201401010.htm [42] 张广旭, 吴时国, 朱伟林, 等, 2011. 南海北部陆坡流花碳酸盐台地地球物理响应. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 31(4): 105-112. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201104018.htm [43] 赵撼霆, 吴时国, 马玉波, 等, 2012. 南海珠江口盆地东沙隆起区生物礁演化模式. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 32(1): 43-50. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201201011.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(10)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3818
- HTML全文浏览量: 190
- PDF下载量: 412
- 被引次数: 0
