三峡库区巴东地震(<i>M</i><sub>s</sub>5.1)成因机制及次声波信号

李献瑞; 曾佐勋; 周强; 贺赤诚; 刘江平; 赵娟; 潘黎黎

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2014.163

三峡库区巴东地震(M_s5.1)成因机制及次声波信号

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.163

李献瑞^{1, 2,},
曾佐勋^{2, 3, 4, ,},
周强⁵,
贺赤诚^{2, 4},
刘江平¹,
赵娟^{3, 6},
潘黎黎^{2, 4}

1.
中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
华中构造力学中心, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学教育部长江三峡库区地质灾害研究中心, 湖北武汉 430074
4.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
5.
成都理工大学工程技术学院, 四川乐山 614000
6.
中国地质大学机械与电子信息学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重点项目 41230206

详细信息

作者简介:
李献瑞(1988-), 男, 硕士, 主要从事天然地震研究.E-mail: lixianrui1988@126.com

通讯作者:
曾佐勋, E-mail: zuoxun.zeng@126.com

中图分类号: P315.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 3110
- HTML全文浏览量: 130
- PDF下载量: 537
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2014-12-01

Seismogenesis of Badong Earthquake (M_s 5.1) in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Infrasound Anomaly

Li Xianrui^{1, 2
,},
Zeng Zuoxun^{2, 3, 4
, ,},
Zhou Qiang⁵,
He Chicheng^{2, 4},
Liu Jiangping¹,
Zhao Juan^{3, 6},
Pan Lili^{2, 4}

1.
Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Huazhong Tectonomechanical Research Center, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
5.
The Engineering & Technology College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000, China
6.
Faculty of Mechanical & Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 2013年12月16日三峡库区巴东发生M_s5.1地震.根据eigen-6c2模型研究了巴东地区的8-638阶卫星重力异常, 结果表明: 该地区场源深度为10 km的地壳为局部重力低异常, 反映了该处物质密度较周围偏低, 形成低密度层.同时, 研究了该地区速度结构剖面, 结果表明: 巴东地区地壳5~9 km及10~15 km深处存在上下两个低速层, 上部低速层与水库渗水有关, 下部低速层与地幔热流体的上涌有关.低密度层和低速层的确定为韧性流变层的存在提供了证据.巴东地震是地壳深部能量的长期集聚与突发释放, 属构造地震.然而, 库水下渗引起的上部低速异常降低了断层活动的阈值, 震前库水载荷的变化对此次巴东地震的发生起到了触发作用.通过对比次声波和地震波, 我们得出次声波仪记录到的异常信号为本地次声波.
- 巴东地震 /
- 卫星重力异常 /
- 深部结构特征 /
- 水库触发地震 /
- 次声波异常 /
- 天然地震
Abstract: On 16 December, 2013, an earthquake of M_s5.1 occurred in the Badong County, the Three Gorges reservoir area, China. Using the EIGEN-6C2 model, the satellite 8-638 order gravity anomalies in this area were studied. The results show that there is a regional low gravity anomaly beneath Badong area at 10 km, which may imply that rock density this area of is lower than its surroundings. Meanwhile, the profiles of crustal velocity structure of this area indicate the existence of two low-velocity layers at depth of 5-9 km and 10-15 km respectively. We believe that the upper layer is closely related to the reservoir seepage and the lower layer may result from the upwelling of the mantle hydrothermal fluid. The low-density layer and the two low-velocity layers provide an evidence for the existence of a possible ductile layer. The occurrence of Badong earthquake is due to the long-term energy accumulation and abrupt release at the deep crust, thus it is a tectonic earthquake. The low-velocity anomaly in the upper crust caused by reservoir seepage decreased the threshold value of fault activities and the change of water load of this reservoir might trigger the Badong earthquake. By comparing the infrasound with seismic waves, we conclude that the infrasound anomalies recorded by the infrasound monitor array are local infrasound.
- Badong earthquake /
- satellite gravity anomaly /
- deep structural condition /
- reservoir-triggered earthquake /
- infrasound anomaly /
- earthquake

HTML全文

图 1 区域构造位置(a)及地震地质构造(b)

F1.齐岳山断层；F2.郁江断层带；F3.黔江断层带；F4.恩施断裂；F5.建始断裂；F6.咸丰断裂；F7.大庸-保靖断裂；F8.高桥断裂；F9.新华-水田坝断层；F10.周家山-牛口断层；F11.城口-房县断裂；F12.远安断裂带；F13.雾渡河断裂；F14.天阳坪断裂；F15.仙女山断裂；F16.松园坪断层；F17.渔洋关断裂；a.改自Yan et al.(2003)；b.修编自http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/admin/upload/files/地震应急20131216J1.pdf

Fig. 1. Regional structure location (a) and its seismo-geological map (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 巴东地区8-638阶(10 km)卫星重力异常及历史地震分布

Fig. 2. The satellite gravity anomalies of 8-638 order and history earthquakes distribution map in Badong

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 巴东-茅坪-土门一线速度结构剖面(据周强，2011)

Fig. 3. Profile of velocity structure along Badong-Maoping-Tumen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 巫山-土门人工地震测深剖面(修编自陈学波等，1994)

Fig. 4. Profile of artificial earthquake sounding along Wushan-Tumen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 巫山-土门区域综合地球物理剖面解释(部分内容参考陈学波，1994；Li et al., 2009)

1.陆相沉积层；2.海相沉积层；3.基底变质岩花岗质岩；4.闪长质岩；5.辉长质岩；6.壳幔过渡层；7.镁铁质橄榄岩；8.地幔热流体储集体；9.渗水引起的低速异常；10.低速层位置；11.莫霍面及推测部分；12.断层

Fig. 5. Comprehensive geophysical interpretation profile along Wushan-Tumen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 巴东地震余震分布图及主震震源机制解(http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/eqDongTop/aftershock/aftershock.html)

Fig. 6. Distribution of aftershocks and the mainshock's focal mechanism in Badong

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 次声波与地震波的时频分析

Fig. 7. Time-frequency analysis for infrasound and seismic waves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 次声波与地震波(ENH、ZG)滤波后波形

Fig. 8. Waveform of infrasound and seismic waves(ENH, ZG) after filtering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 质点运动轨迹

Fig. 9. Moving path of particle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 震源机制结果

Table 1. Result of mechanism solutions of earthquake

节面Ⅰ			节面Ⅱ			P轴		T轴		N轴
Φ_s	δ	λ	Φ_s	δ	λ	A_z	P_l	A_z	P_l	A_z	P_l
73°	56°	170°	168°	82°	34°	296	17°	36°	30°	181°	55°
注：Φ_s为走向；δ为倾角；λ为滑动角；A_z为方位角；P_l为倾角.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 水库诱发地震的特征(陈德基等，2008)

Table 2. The characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquake

要素	特征
平面分布	主要集中在库盆和距离库岸边5 km范围内，少有超过10 km者.
震源深度	震源深度极浅，绝大部分震源深度在3~5 km范围内，直至近地表.
震级大小	绝大部分是微震和弱震.
发震时间	主震发震时间和水库蓄水过程相关.
地震趋势	水库诱发地震的频度和强度随着时间的延长呈明显下降趋势
波形频率	具有较高的地震动频率、地面峰值加速度和震中烈度.
地震类型	震型以前震-主震-余震型和群震型居多(陶忠平，2006).

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 次声波与地震波互相关系数列表

Table 3. Coefficient of association between infrasound and seismic waves

地震台站	45号				48号				207号
地震台站	S(km)	T_s(s)	T_c(s)	C_or	S(km)	T_s(s)	T_c(s)	C_or	S(km)	T_s(s)	T_c(s)	C_or
恩施台(EN)	118.0	42.1	41.7	0.82	112.0	40.0	44.1	0.77	117.0	41.8	42.5	0.72
秭归(ZG)	44.0	16.3	20.9	0.51	49.3	18.2	16.9	0.50	44.0	16.3	18.0	0.38
注：S为次声波监测仪与地震台站的等效距离；T_s为理论到时；T_c为实际到时；C_or为互相关系数.

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 次声台站和地震台站对震中的方位角与震中距

Table 4. Azimuth and distance between stations of infrasound monitor array & seismographs and epicenter

	台站名	方位角	距离(km)
次声波台站	45	247.00°	12.75
	48	228.38°	7.66
	207	241.47°	12.98
地震台站	ENH	225.32°	129.30
	ZG	120.67°	57.54

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(109)

[1]	Bowin, C., 1983. Depth of Principal Mass Anomalies Contributing to the Earth's Geoidal Undulations and Gravity Anomalies. Marine Geodesy, 7(1-4): 61-100. doi: 10.1080/15210608309379476
[2]	Chen, D.J., Wang, Y.X., Zeng, X.P., 2008. A Study of Reservoir-Induced Earthquake of Three Gorges Project. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27(8): 1513-1524 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX200808003.htm
[3]	Chen, X.B., Chen, B.Y., Zhang, S.W., et al., 1994. Study of Deep Tectonic Characteristics in and around the Dam Region of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River. Seismological Press, Beijng (in Chinese).
[4]	Fei, Q., 2008. Characters of Deep Structure for Wenchuan Earthquake. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 5(4): 387-395 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1088/1742-2132/5/4/003
[5]	Fei, Q., 2009. Major Earthquakes by Rheological Diapirism of Crust-Mantle Material—Evidence from Satellite Gravity Data. Earth Science Frontiers, 16(3): 282-293 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60093-7
[6]	Han, X.G., Rao, Y.Y., 2004. Analysis Genesis of Reservoir Induced Microquakes in Badong Reach of Three Gorges. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 24(2): 74-77 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/304659704_Analysis_of_genesis_of_reservoir-induced_microquakes_in_Badong_reach_of_Three_Gorges
[7]	Hu, D.G., 1997. A Study on Active Faults and Crustal Stability in Qingjiang River Basin(Dissertation). Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	Hu, D.G., Wu, S.R., Yin, X.L., 1999. Fractal Dimensions of Fault Gouges from the Xiannüshan Fault and Its Activity. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 20(2): 138-141 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DQXB902.003.htm
[9]	Hubei Geological Bureau., 1990. Regional Geology of Hubei Province. Geological Publishing House, Beijing(in Chinese).
[10]	Jiang, H.K., Song, J., Jia, R., et al., 2014. On the Major Influencing Factors of Reservoir-Related Seismicity in Different Stages: The Case of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Earthquake, 34(1): 13-23 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DIZN201401002.htm
[11]	Lai, X.L., Sun, Y., Liu, Z., 2006. Study of Deep Seismic Sounding in Strongly Seismic Regions of North China. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 26(1): 55-62 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]	Li, A.R., Xu, Y.J., Gu, C.Z., 1982. The New Tectonic Movement of Yuan'an Fault and Its Earthquakes in Central Hubei Province. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake, (2): 98-103 (in Chinese).
[13]	Li, P., Li, Y.J., 2004. Study on the Crustal Stability in Three-Gorges Area of the Yangtze River. Engineering Science, 6(6): 26-34 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX200406004.htm
[14]	Li, Q.H., Guo, J.K., Min, X.Y., et al., 1991. A Prteliminary Study on the Relationship between Deep Tectonics and Earthquakes in Tianshui Earthquake Area. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 13(Suppl. ): 68-70 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313206992_A_preliminary_study_on_the_relationship_between_deep_tectonics_and_earthquakes_in_Tianshui_earthquake_area?ev=auth_pub
[15]	Li, Q.S., Peng, S.P., Gao, R., et al., 2004. Deep Tectonic Background of the 8.1 Ms Earthquake in the East Kunlun. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 25(1): 11-16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]	Li, Q., Zhao, X., Cai, J.A., et al., 2010. Study on Tectonic Environment of Deep Crust and Seismogenesis of Earthquakes beneath Main Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 30(5): 1-7, 14 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201005002.htm
[17]	Li, Q., Zhao, X., Cai, J., et al., 2009. P-Wave Velocity Tructure of Upper and Middle Crust beneath the Three Gorges Reservoir Dam and Adjacent Regions. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 52(4): 567-578. doi: 10.1007/s11430-009-0047-6
[18]	Li, X.G., Yao, Y.S., Zeng, Z.X., et al., 2006. Analysis of the Formation System of the Present Tectonic Stress Field in the Head Area of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Geomechanics, 12(2): 174-181 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX200602008.htm
[19]	Liu, S.K., Tu, G.M., Sun, Y.Z., 2009. The Research of Structural Feature and Mathematical Force Model and Activity of Shuitianba Fault in the Three Gorges Region. Resources Environment & Engineering, 23(S2): 19-27 (in Chinese).
[20]	Liu, S.W., Gan, J.S., Xue, H.J., 1983. Tectonic Stress Field and Seismicity in the Three Gorges Region on the Changjiang River. Seismology and Geology, 5(1): 29-41 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ198301003.htm
[21]	Meng, Q.X., 2012. Stability Analysis of Huangtupo Landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area under the Action of Scenario Earthquake(Dissertation). Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]	Ou, Z.J., 2005. Study of Water Reservoir Induced Earthquakes. Yunnan Water Power, 21(3): 18-21 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://search.cnki.net/down/default.aspx?filename=YNSD200503006&dbcode=CJFD&year=2005&dflag=pdfdown
[23]	Pan, B., Chu, Q.Z., Zhang, C.H., et al., 2012. Research on Tectonic Characteristics and Latest Activity of Wuduhe Fault in Three Gorges Area. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 32(Suppl. ): 5-9 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX2012S1024.htm
[24]	Pan, L.L., Zeng, Z.X., Wang, J., 2013. Precursory Abnormal Infrasonic Signals Predating the Lushan Earthquake(M_s 7.0) and Yushu Earthquake(M_s 5.2). Earth Science Frontiers, 20(6): 73-79 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/293657201_Precursory_abnormal_infrasonic_signals_predating_the_Lushan_earthquake_MS_70_and_Yushu_earthquake_MS_52
[25]	Peng, S.B., Li, C.N., Kusky, T.M., et al., 2010. Discovery and Its Tectonic Significance of the Proterozoic Miaowan Ophiolites in the Southern Huangling Anticline, Western Hubei, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 29(1): 8-20 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/287557049_Discovery_and_its_tectonic_significance_of_the_Proterozoic_Miaowan_ophiolites_in_the_southern_Huangling_anticline_western_Hubei_China
[26]	Ren, Q.F., Zhang, C.K., Zhao, J.R., et al., 1992. Characteristics of Crustal Structures in Heze Region. North China Earthquake Sciences, 10(3): 45-52 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD199203005.htm
[27]	Tang, S.L., Yan, D.P., Wang, C.L., et al., 2011. Deformational Process from Thick-Skinned to Thin-Skinned Thrust in Xuefeng Mountain, South China: Evidence from Sangzhi-Anhua Tectonic Section. Geoscience, 25(1): 22-30 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_geoscience_thesis/0201254375074.html
[28]	Tao, Z.P., 2006. The Basic Characteristics of Reservoir-Induced Seismicity and Engineering Measures. Yunnan Water Power, 22(4): 19-21 (in Chinese).
[29]	Teng, J.W., 1994. The Seismic Study of Lithospheric Physics in China. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 37(Suppl. ): 140-159 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30]	Wang, H.B., Wu, S.R., Lü, Y.F., et al., 1998. The Engineering Evaluation of The Enshi Fault Activity in Western Hubei Province. Seismology and Geology, 20(3): 214-218 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DZDZ803.003.htm
[31]	Wang, Q.L., Zhang, L.F., Liao, W.L., et al., 2013. Fault Tectonics and Seismic Activity Characteristics of Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 33(5): 29-33 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_journal-geodesy-geodynamics_thesis/0201252720553.html
[32]	Wang, W.T., Ni, S.D., Luo, Y., et al., 2009. Precise Determination on Depth of Wen'an Earthquake and Its Relation to Huabei Crust LVZ. In: Chinese Geophysical Society, ed., The Chinese Geophysical. Press of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (in Chinese).
[33]	Wu, S.R., Chen, Q.X., Mei, Y.T., et al., 1995. Research on The Meso-Cenozoic Tectonic Stress Field in Qingjiang River, Western Hubei Province. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, (2): 135-151 (in Chinese).
[34]	Wu, S.R., Hu, D.G., Xu, R.C., et al., 2000. Segment Structure and Dynamic Analysis of the Enshi Fault in the Western Hubei Province. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology, 30(3): 221-225, 233 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ200003002.htm
[35]	Wu, S.R., Wu, G.G., Hu, D.G., et al., 1999. Segmentation and Fractal Dimension of the NE-Trending Active Fault Population in the Upper Reaches of the Qingjiang River, Western Hubei. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 20(2): 142-149 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB902.004.htm
[36]	Xia, H.K., Lu, Z.X., Niu, X., et al., 1992. The Seismic (active) Area's Deep and Shallow Tectonic, Composition and Their Relationship with Earthquakes in Chaoyang-Yixian. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 14(2): 180-186 (in Chinese). doi: 10.1007/BF02651024/metrics
[37]	Xia, J.W., Li, C.A., Zeng, X.P., et al., 2008. Study on Characteristics and Seismic Activity of Gaoqiao Fault in Head Area of Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 28(2): 8-15 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/paper/1553315
[38]	Xia, J.W., Zhou, L.Q., Liu, S.K., 1996. The Main Characteristics of Fault and Its Activity in Zigui Basin, Western Hubei Province. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (1): 10-14 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[39]	Xie, J.L., Xie, Z.H., 1996. Infrasound Waves Caused by Earthquake on 12 July 1993 in Japan. Acta Acustica, 21(1): 55-61 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SXXW199602002.htm
[40]	Xu, H.J., Zhang, Y.Z., Duan, H.R., et al., 2012. Gravity Anomaly Detected by GOCE Satellite in China. Progress in Geophysics, 27(2): 404-408 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284482842_Gravity_anomaly_detected_by_GOCE_satellite_in_China
[41]	Xu, H.L., Qiu, X.L., Zhao, M.H., et al., 2006. The Characteristics of Crustal Structure and Earthquake Source in Epicentral Region of Nan'ao Earthquake(M=7.5), North-Eastern South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(SⅡ): 83-91 (in Chinese).
[42]	Xu, H.Z., Lu, Y., Zhong, M., et al., 2012. Satellite Gravity and Its Application in Monitoring Geophysical Environment Change. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 42(6): 843-853 (in Chinese). doi: 10.1360/zd-2012-42-6-843
[43]	Xu, Y.X., 1995. Review of the Mechanism of the High Conduction Layers in Middle to Lower Continental Crust. Geological Science and Technology Information, 14(3): 15-22 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ503.002.htm
[44]	Yan, D.P., Zhou, M., Song, H., et al., 2003. Origin and Tectonic Significance of a Mesozoic Multi-Layer Overthrust System within the Yangtze Block (South China). Tectonophysics, 361(3-4): 239-254. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00646-7
[45]	Yang, S.X., Gao, S.J., Cai, Y.J., et al., 2005. Study on Stress Field Zoning in Three Gorges and Its Adjacent Area since Neotectonic Age. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 25(4): 42-45 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB200504009.htm
[46]	Yang, W.R., Zeng, Z.X., Li, D.W., et al., 2009. Three-Level Tectonic Model for Intraplate Earthquakes. Earth Science Frontiers, 16(1): 206-217 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60073-1
[47]	Yang, X.S., Ma, J., Zhang, X.J., 2003. Summarization of Genesis of Low-Velocity Layer in Continental Crust. Geological Science and Technology Information, 22(2): 35-41 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DZKQ200302008.htm
[48]	Yuan, X.C., 2005.3D Lithospheric Structure of Western China and Its Enlightenment on Petroleum Prospecting. Geology in China, 32(1): 1-12 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/main/zcps.aspx?c=1&id=11875264
[49]	Zeng, Z.X., Sibgatulin, V.G., Song S., et al., 2013. Imminent Prediction and Rheology Tectonics for Nima Earthquake(M_s5.2). Earth Science Frontiers, 20(6): 149-155 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/290346204_Imminent_prediction_and_rheology_tectonics_for_Nima_earthquakeMS_52
[50]	Zhang, F., Yang, Q.S., Xia, Y.Q., et al., 2013. Infrasound: A New Frontier in Monitoring Earthquakes. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(6): 94-101 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/98600X/201306/48032167.html
[51]	Zhang, J., Zhou, G.F., Xu, Z.X., 1997. The Relativity of Hydocarbon Resources and the Satellite Gravity Anomaly in Tarim Basin. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 22(6): 643-647 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX706.017.htm
[52]	Zhao, J., Zeng, Z.X., Guo, Q., et al., 2013. Signal Analysis on Infrasound and Gravity Waves Received before and after the Lushan Earthquake. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(6): 36-41 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201306007.htm
[53]	Zhou, L.Q., Xia, J.W., 1996. Research on the Geologic Background of Longhuiguan Mid-Strong Earthquake in the Reservior Area of the Three Gorges Project. Hubei Geology, 10(1): 120-125 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HBDK601.014.htm
[54]	Zhou, M.D., Zhao, H.Y., Ma, Q.Z., et al., 1997. The Relationship between Crust Structure and Earthquakes in the Northeast Verge of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Its Neighborhood. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 19(1): 59-64, 69 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ701.010.htm
[55]	Zhou, Q., 2011. Analysis of Velocity Structure of Upper Crust in Three Gorges Reservoir Area(Dissertation). China University of Geosciences, Wuhan (in Chinese with English abstract).
[56]	Zhu, W.L., Yao, L.P., Du, A.L., et al., 1995. Digital Seismic Waveform Analysis. Surveying and Mapping Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
[57]	陈德基, 汪雍熙, 曾新平, 2008. 三峡工程水库诱发地震问题研究. 岩石力学与工程学报, 27(8): 1513-1524. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2008.08.001
[58]	陈学波, 陈步云, 张四维, 等. 1994. 长江三峡工程坝区及外围深部构造特征研究. 北京: 地震出版社.
[59]	费琪, 2008. 汶川大地震的深部构造特征. 工程地球物理学报, 5(4): 387-395. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7940.2008.04.002
[60]	费琪, 2009. 壳幔物质流变的底辟作用孕育大地震——卫星重力资料的证据. 地学前缘, 16(3): 282-293. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2009.03.023
[61]	蒋海昆, 宋金, 贾若, 等, 2014. 不同时期水库地震活动主要影响因素讨论——以三峡库区微震活动为例. 地震, 34(1): 13-23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZN201401002.htm
[62]	韩晓光, 饶扬誉, 2004. 长江三峡水库巴东库段地震成因分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 24(2): 74-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB200402012.htm
[63]	胡道功, 1997, 清江流域活动断裂与地壳稳定性研究(博士学位论文). 北京: 中国地质科学院.
[64]	胡道功, 吴树仁, 殷秀兰, 1999. 仙女山断裂带断层泥分维值与断裂活动研究. 地球学报, 20(2): 138-141. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB902.003.htm
[65]	湖北省地质矿产局, 1990. 湖北省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社.
[66]	赖晓玲, 孙译, 刘志, 2006. 华北强震区地震测深研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 26(1): 55-62. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB200601009.htm
[67]	李安然, 徐永键, 古成志, 1982. 鄂中远安断裂带的新构造活动与地震. 地壳形变与地震, (2): 98-103. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB198202014.htm
[68]	李玶, 李愿军, 2004. 长江三峡坝区地壳稳定性研究. 中国工程科学, 6(6): 26-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2004.06.005
[69]	李强, 赵旭, 蔡晋安, 等, 2010. 三峡水库库首区地壳深部构造环境与地震成因研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 30(5): 1-7, 14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201005002.htm
[70]	李清河, 郭建康, 闵祥仪, 等, 1991. 天水地震区深部构造与地震关系初步探讨. 西北地震学报, 13(S1): 68-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ1991S1011.htm
[71]	李秋生, 彭苏萍, 高锐, 等, 2004. 东昆仑大地震的深部构造背景. 地球学报, 25(1): 11-16. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2004.01.002
[72]	李细光, 姚运生, 曾佐勋, 等, 2006. 三峡库首区现今构造应力场的形成体制分析. 地质力学学报, 12(2): 174-181. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2006.02.009
[73]	刘世凯, 凃光美, 孙云志, 2009. 三峡水田坝断裂构造特征及数力模型与活动性研究. 资源环境与工程, 23(S2): 19-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBDK2009S2008.htm
[74]	刘锁旺, 甘家思, 薛宏交, 1983. 长江三峡地区的构造应力场与地震活动. 地震地质, 5(1): 29-41. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ198301003.htm
[75]	孟庆筱, 2012, 设定地震作用下三峡库区黄土坡滑坡稳定性分析(硕士学位论文). 武汉: 中国地震局地震研究所.
[76]	欧作畿, 2005. 水库诱发地震的研究. 云南水力发电, 21(3): 18-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3951.2005.03.006
[77]	潘博, 楚全芝, 张长厚, 等, 2012. 三峡地区雾渡河断裂构造特征及最新活动性研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 32(S1): 5-9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB2012S1003.htm
[78]	潘黎黎, 曾佐勋, 王杰, 2013. 芦山地震(M_s7.0)及玉树地震(M_s5.2)震前次声波异常信号分析. 地学前缘, 20(6): 73-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHCH201711021.htm
[79]	彭松柏, 李昌年, Kusky, T.M., 等, 2010. 鄂西黄陵背斜南部元古宙庙湾蛇绿岩的发现及其构造意义. 地质通报, 29(1): 8-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2010.01.002
[80]	任青芳, 张成科, 赵金仁, 等, 1992. 菏泽地区地壳结构特征与地震. 华北地震科学, 10(3): 45-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HDKD199203005.htm
[81]	汤双立, 颜丹平, 汪昌亮, 等, 2011. 华南雪峰山薄皮-厚皮构造转换过程: 来自桑植-安化剖面的证据. 现代地质, 25(1): 22-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2011.01.003
[82]	陶忠平, 2006. 水库诱发地震的基本特点及工程防范措施. 云南水力发电, 22(4): 19-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3951.2006.04.006
[83]	滕吉文, 1994. 中国岩石层物理的地震学研究. 地球物理学报, 37(S1): 140-159. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX4S1.011.htm
[84]	汪华斌, 吴树仁, 吕贻峰, 等, 1998. 湖北西部恩施断裂活动性评价. 地震地质, 20(3): 22-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ803.003.htm
[85]	王秋良, 张丽芬, 廖武林, 等, 2013. 三峡库首区断裂构造与地震活动特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 33(5): 29-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB201305007.htm
[86]	王伟涛, 倪四道, 罗艳, 等, 2009. 文安地震深度的精确测定及其同华北地壳低速层的关系. 见: 中国地球物理学会编, 中国地球物理学会第二十五届年会论文集, 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社.
[87]	吴树仁, 陈庆宣, 梅应堂, 等, 1995. 鄂西清江流域中新生代区域构造应力场研究. 地球学报, (2): 135-151. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB502.002.htm
[88]	吴树仁, 胡道功, 徐瑞春, 等, 2000. 鄂西恩施断裂分段结构及动力学探讨. 长春科技大学学报, 30(3): 221-225, 233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5888.2000.03.003
[89]	吴树仁, 吴淦国, 胡道功, 等, 1999. 鄂西清江上游NE向活动断层束分段分形特征. 地球学报, 20(2): 142-149. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.1999.02.005
[90]	夏怀宽, 卢造勋, 牛雪, 等, 1992. 朝阳-义县地震区的深浅部构造、组成及其与地震的关系. 地震学报, 14(2): 180-186. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXB199202007.htm
[91]	夏金梧, 李长安, 曾新平, 等, 2008. 三峡工程库首区高桥断裂特征与地震活动性研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 28(2): 8-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB200802003.htm
[92]	夏金梧, 周乐群, 刘世凯, 1996. 鄂西秭归盆地及外缘主要断裂特征及活动性研究. 水文地质工程地质, (1): 10-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG601.004.htm
[93]	谢金来, 谢照华, 1996.1993年7月12日日本北海道地震次声波. 声学学报, 21(1): 55-61. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIBA601.007.htm
[94]	徐海军, 张永志, 段虎荣, 等, 2012. GOCE卫星监测的中国区域重力异常. 地球物理学进展, 27(2): 404-408. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.02.003
[95]	徐辉龙, 丘学林, 赵明辉, 等, 2006. 南海东北部南澳大地震(M_s=7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造. 科学通报, 51(S3): 83-91. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB2006S3015.htm
[96]	徐义贤, 1995. 中下地壳高导层成因研究综述. 地质科技情报, 14(3): 15-22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ503.002.htm
[97]	许厚泽, 陆洋, 钟敏, 等, 2012. 卫星重力测量及其在地球物理环境变化监测中的应用. 中国科学: 地球科学, 42(6): 843-853. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK201206006.htm
[98]	杨淑贤, 高士钧, 蔡永建, 等, 2005. 三峡及邻区新构造期以来应力场分区研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 25(4): 42-45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DKXB200504009.htm
[99]	杨巍然, 曾佐勋, 李德威, 等, 2009. 板内地震过程的三层次构造模式. 地学前缘, 16(1): 206-217. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2009.01.023
[100]	杨晓松, 马瑾, 张先进, 2003. 大陆壳内低速层成因综述. 地质科技情报, 22(2): 35-41. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200302008.htm
[101]	袁学诚, 2005. 论中国西部岩石圈三维结构及其对寻找油气资源的启示. 中国地质, 32(1): 1-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI200501000.htm
[102]	曾佐勋, Sibgatulin, V.G., 宋松, 等, 2013. 尼玛地震(M_s5.2)临震预测和流变构造. 地学前缘, 20(6): 149-155. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201306023.htm
[103]	张健, 周国藩, 徐忠祥, 1997. 塔里木盆地卫星重力异常与油气资源的相关性研究. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 22(6): 643-647. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX706.017.htm
[104]	章菲, 杨庆生, 夏雅琴, 等, 2013. 次声: 监测地震的新领域. 地学前缘, 20(6): 94-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201306016.htm
[105]	赵娟, 曾佐勋, 郭泉, 等, 2013. 芦山地震前后次声波及重力波信号分析. 地学前缘, 20(6): 36-41. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201306007.htm
[106]	周乐群, 夏金梧, 1996. 长江三峡工程库区龙会观中强地震地质背景研究. 湖北地质, 10(1): 120-125. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBDK601.014.htm
[107]	周民都, 赵和云, 马钦忠, 等, 1997. 青藏高原东北缘及其邻区的地壳结构与地震关系初探. 西北地震学报, 19(1): 59-64, 69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ701.010.htm
[108]	周强, 2011, 三峡库区上地壳速度结构分析(硕士学位论文). 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉).
[109]	朱文林, 姚立平, 杜安陆, 等, 1995. 数字地震波形分析. 北京: 测绘出版社.