Control Mechanism of Buried Depth and In-Situ Stress for Coal Reservoir Permeability in Western Guizhou
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摘要: 基于黔西六盘水煤田和织纳煤田16口井36层次的试井资料, 采用地质统计分析等方法, 探讨了黔西地区煤储层渗透性的展布规律与地应力特征, 论证了煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性的控制机制.研究表明, 研究区煤储层以特低渗-低渗透率储层(＜0.1×10-9m2)为主, 中渗透率储层(0.1×10-9~1.0×10-9m2)也占有相当大比例; 应力场类型在浅部表现为大地动力场型, 一定深度可能转化为准静水压力状态.煤储层渗透率及其埋深的负幂指数关系较为离散, 但在不同深度渗透率转折点与地应力场类型转变一致; 单井煤储层试井渗透率差异较大, 随地应力增大和埋深增加而降低, 平面展布受地应力强度控制由SW-NE具"低-高-低"发育规律.埋深对渗透率的控制实质是地应力的控制, 区域构造位置及其所处高应力场作用下的煤体形变与破碎致使孔裂隙压缩或闭合是该区渗透性差异的主要控制机制.Abstract: Based on geological analysis of data of 16 testing wells in the Liupanshui and Zhina coalfields, the spatial distribution of coal reservoir permeability and characteristics of in-situ stress in the western Guizhou are discussed, and the control mechanism of buried depth and in-situ stress for coal reservoir permeability is obtained in this study. It is shown that the coal reservoirs have the characteristic of ultra-low and low permeability (< 0.1×10-9m2), and the permeability of coal reservoir with 0.1×10-9-1.0×10-9m2 has considerably large proportion. The type of in-situ stress field is gradually undergoing a possible change from dynamic field in shallow layer to hydrostatic pressure field in deep layer. It has a negative power exponent relationship of coal reservoir permeability and buried depth, but the change of permeability is in accordance with in-situ stress field changed. The permeability of coal reservoir varies in different testing wells, decreasing with the increased in-situ stress and depth, and its spatial distribution has a law of "low-high-low" from SW to NE for the intensity of the stress controlled. The role of coal depth to permeability is supposed to be the in-situ stress in action essentially. The main control mechanism of coal permeability difference is that the pore and fracture tend to compress or close caused by the deformation and fragmentation of coal reservoirs under the influence of high in-situ stress in regional tectonic location of study area.
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Key words:
- western Guizhou /
- coal reservoir /
- permeability /
- buried depth /
- in-situ stress /
- control mechanism /
- energy geology
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图 3 黔西地区应力随煤层深度变化趋势
a.六盘水煤田；b.织纳煤田，其中2个数据姜永东，2011
Fig. 3. Trend of in-situ stress variation with increased coal seam depth in western Guizhou
图 4 煤储层渗透率与其埋藏深度关系
Fig. 4. Distribution of permeability and stress gradient on permeability
图 7 煤储层试井渗透率与地应力的关系
a.渗透率与最小水平主应力；b.渗透率与最大水平主应力；c.渗透率与有效应力
Fig. 7. Effect of horizontal stress on permeability
图 8 煤储层试井渗透率与最小地应力梯度关系及其平面位置
Fig. 8. Relationship of permeability and stress gradient and the well location map
表 1 水力压裂试验结果分区统计
Table 1. Parameter statistics of hydraulic fracturing test in western Guizhou
地区 煤层埋深(m) 渗透率(10-9m2) 闭合压力(MPa) 闭压梯度(MPa/102m) σH/σv σH/σh σh/σv 探测半径(m) 亮山 1062.0~1243.6/ 1139.6 0.0004~0.0096/ 0.0035 23.76~27.36/ 25.57 2.1~2.4/ 2.2 1.03~1.32/ 1.14 1.26~1.49/ 1.39 0.78~0.89/ 0.55 - 金竹坪 359.09~554.24/ 440.62 0.0044~0.4260/ 0.1492 10.40~15.68/ 13.14 2.84~3.28/ 3.02 1.52~1.64/ 1.59 1.34~1.53/ 1.44 1.05~1.21/ 1.11 - 青山 292.33~771.73/ 568.70 0.000173~0.48/ 0.0549 6.28~20.65/ 11.27 1.16~2.86/ 2.35 0.45~1.51/ 0.96 0.98~1.55/ 1.28 0.40~1.03/ 0.76 0.13~8.64/ 2.64 都格 807.89~869.48/ 838.69 0.0459~0.0434/ 0.0447 9.56~13.33/ 11.45 1.20~1.55/ 1.38 0.52~0.82/ 0.67 1.19~1.44/ 1.32 0.44~0.57/ 0.50 2.90~8.30/ 5.60 化乐 464.04~577.76/ 517.52 0.1074~0.5002/ 0.2797 8.09~11.75/ 9.36 1.76~2.06/ 1.83 0.85~1.08/ 0.97 1.34~1.56/ 1.45 0.63~0.75/ 0.67 11.40~42.20/ 29.80 洞口 431.38~736.98/ 516.02 0.000164~0.0179/ 0.0062 8.01~17.56/ 13.72 2.10~3.64/ 2.71 1.01~2.26/ 1.54 1.30~1.69/ 1.50 0.78~1.34/ 1.00 1.23~1.82/ 1.53 织金 135.90~142.78/ 139.34 1.3103~1.5621/ 1.4362 2.14~2.40/ 2.27 1.69~1.75/ 1.72 0.76~0.81/ 0.78 1.30~1.31/ 1.31 0.58~0.62/ 0.60 9.40~10.70/ 10.05 注：σH/σv，水平最大主应力与垂直主应力比值；σH/σh，水平最大主应力与最小主应力比值；σh/σv，水平最小主应力与垂直主应力比值；1062.0~1243.6/1139.6，最大值~最小值/平均值；亮山，金竹坪数据引自贵州省煤田地质局内部报告，2011. 
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