Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in South Tianshan during Paleozoic-Mesozoic
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摘要: 南天山位于塔里木—卡拉库姆板块和伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块的碰撞造山带.前人研究表明, 该区在古生代经历了洋盆的扩张、俯冲消减和碰撞造山; 中生代则进入到陆内发展阶段.但由于该区特殊的地理位置和复杂的构造背景, 洋盆的闭合时间及盆地演化的阶段依然存在诸多争论.在广泛收集地质资料的基础上, 对我国境内南天山地层大区进行了地层分区, 并对每个分区的古生代-中生代盆地沉积序列进行了详细分析, 最终划分出5个演化阶段: 寒武纪-奥陶纪, 南天山洋从有限洋盆发展为成熟洋盆, 洋盆性质为弧后盆地; 早志留世, 南天山洋盆开始俯冲消减, 东部红柳河段洋盆在早泥盆世闭合, 而西部的俯冲消减则延续至泥盆纪晚期; 石炭纪-早二叠世, 西部仍存在残余海盆.中二叠世, 残余海盆消失, 南天山西部碰撞造山, 南天山造山带最终形成; 中生代, 该区进入陆内发展阶段, 在三叠纪接受剥蚀夷平; 侏罗纪, 西部发展成为断陷盆地, 东部继续接受剥蚀夷平; 白垩纪, 西部延续侏罗纪断陷盆地特征, 东部则发育成拉分盆地. 关键字: 南天山; 古生代; 中生代; 沉积; 构造; 盆地演化.Abstract: The South Tianshan is an orogenic belt formed due to the collision of the Tarim plate and Ili-Kazakhstan plate. Previous researches indicate that the South Tianshan evolved from expansion into subduction, and eventually into collision orogenesis in Paleozoic and it entered intracontinental development stage in Mesozoic. Debates about the time of collision and the evolution stages persist because of its special geographic location and complicated tectonic setting. In this paper, some stratigraphic subregions are determined according to geological records and sedimentary analysis. The evolution of these Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary sequences is divided into the following five stages. As a back-arc basin, it developed from small oceanic basin to mature oceanic basin from Cambrian to Ordovician. The South Tianshan Ocean started subducting. Hongliuhe started closing in Early Silurian, with the eastern part of South Tianshan ocean completely closed in Early Devonian, while the southwest Tianshan continued subducting until the end of Devonian. During Carboniferous and Early Permian, residual basin still existed in the west. It disappeared in Permian and the west of the South Tianshan finally crashed to orogenic belt. In Mesozoic, it developed to intracontinental stage. The whole region has been denuded during Triassic. The western part became fault basins in Jurassic and continued in Cretaceous. The eastern part has been denuded during Jurassic and it developed into pull-apart basins in Cretaceous.
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Key words:
- South Tianshan /
- Paleozoic /
- Mesozoic /
- sedimentology /
- tectonics /
- basin evolution
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图 2 南天山各地层分区的沉积序列与盆地类型
K2t.吐依洛克组; K2y.依格孜牙组; K2w.乌依塔克组; K2k.库克拜组; K2wl.乌兰苏海组; K1kz.克孜勒苏组; K1s.苏红图组; K1by.巴音戈壁组; J3kz.库孜贡苏组; J3q.齐古组; J2y.杨叶组; J2k. 克孜勒努尔组; J1y.阳霞组; J1a.阿合组; P3h.红岩井组; P3f.方山口组; : P1-2b.巴立克立克组; P1-2sp.双堡塘组; P1kr.库尔干组; C2P1k.康克林组; C2P1kl.喀拉治尔金组; C2a.阿衣里河组; C2ak. 艾克提克组; C2P1a.阿木山组; C2bb.本巴图组; C1-2a.阿克沙克组; C1yy.野云沟组; C1g.甘草湖组; C1h.红柳园组; D3tg.坦盖塔尔组; D3kz.克兹尔克兹尔; D3p.破城子组; D3hl.褐岭组; D3d. 墩墩山组; D2s.萨阿尔明组; D2t.托格买提组; D2a.阿拉塔格组; D1-2s.三个井组; D1ap.阿帕达尔康组; D1s.萨瓦亚尔顿组; S3-4k.科克铁克达坂组; S3-4by.巴音布鲁克组; S3-4ss.碎石山组; S3w.卧龙岗组; S3D1w.乌瓦门-包尔图蛇绿岩; S3D1H.哈尔克山南支蛇绿岩; S3D1a.阿尔皮什麦布拉克组; SY.榆树沟蛇绿岩; S2-3y.伊契克巴什组; S1-2c.叉口组; Suzk.柯尔克孜塔木组; S1yn.依南里克组; O3h.呼独克达坂组; O3by.白云山组; O2-3L.硫磺山群; O2x.咸水湖组; O1l.罗雅楚山组; ON.牛圈子混杂岩; 3O2n.南灰山组; 3-4x.西双鹰山组; 1-2s.双鹰山组; 1-2h. 黄山组
Fig. 2. Formation sedimentary sequence and basin types of the South Tianshan
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