Distribution of Middle-Deep Lacustrine Source Rocks within Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Wenchang Formation in Enping Depression, the Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 通过对珠江口盆地恩平凹陷文昌组成湖条件、钻井岩心、油源对比和地震反射特征的综合分析，推断其满足发育大规模中-深湖相烃源岩条件，进而类比珠江口盆地已证实富烃洼陷(PY4洼、LF13洼)文昌组中-深湖相烃源岩地震反射特征(低频强振幅连续反射与席状弱振幅-空白反射)，揭示研究区中-深湖相烃源岩空间展布规律及其发育模式.研究结果表明：研究区烃源岩具有低频强振幅连续反射特征和席状弱振幅-空白反射两种地震相特征.低频强振幅连续反射特征的烃源岩，其3级层序均有发育，恩平17洼中平面上主要集中于其中部及西部，上文昌组较下文昌组烃源岩沉积范围小且沉积中心向控凹断层F1侧迁移；恩平18洼中平面上主要位于18洼中部靠控洼断层F2断层一侧，上文昌组较下文昌组烃源岩沉积范围大，沉积中心没有明显迁移.席状弱振幅-空白反射特征的烃源岩，以SQ3~SQ5层序发育为主，恩平17洼中平面上局限于洼陷内部低隆起南部小型负向构造单元中；恩平18洼中平面上位于洼陷深洼带中.研究区发育3种中-深湖相烃源岩发育模式：(1)烃源岩主要发育在湖侵体系域和高位体系域；(2)恩平17洼上文昌组早期SQ5层序，对应烃源岩在低位体系域发育；(3)恩平17洼中低隆起南部的烃源岩发育，受小型负向构造单元控制.Abstract: The main prerequisite for the development of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks has been deduced on the basis of the comprehensive analysis of lake forming conditions, core analysis, oil-source correlation and seismic reflection characteristics in the Enping depression, the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Compared with the seismic facies of source rocks of Paleogene Wenchang Formation in the proven hydrocarbon-rich sag (Panyu 4 and Lufeng 13 sags of Huizhou depression), the distribution and model of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks had been reconstructed in the Enping depression. In the study area the source rocks which are characterized by continuous seismic reflections with low frequency and high amplitude are occurred in every third-order sequence. In the Enping 17 sag they are mainly distributed in the central and west parts, while vertically the scope in the Upper Wenchang Formation was smaller than that of Lower Wenchang Formation and the sedimentation center is to the side of Fault 1 that controlled depression. In the Enping 18 sag the source rocks are mainly located in the central part close to Fault 2 that controlled sag, while vertically the scope in the the Upper Wenchang Formation is bigger than that in the Lower Wenchang Formation and the sedimentation center almost remained unchanged. The source rocks that has sheet-like seismic reflections with weak amplitude to blank are primarily distributed in the third-order sequences SQ3-SQ5. In the Enping 17 sag they are restricted in a small negative tectonic unit located south of the internal low uplift. In the Enping 18 sag they are distributed in the deep sag. Based on the distribution of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks, three developmental models are established namely: (1) the widespread source rocks in the transgressive system tracts and highstand system tracts; (2) source rocks developed in the lowstand system tracts, for example in SQ5 in the Wenchang Formation; (3) source rocks developed south of the internal low uplift, restricted in a small negative tectonic unit.
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图 1 研究区构造位置(a)及文昌组地层分布(b)
Fig. 1. Location map of the study area showing tectonic sub-uints and the distribution of the Paleogene Wenchang Formation in the Enping Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 2 珠江口盆地恩平凹陷古近系层序格架
Fig. 2. Sequence statigraphic framework of the Paleogene Wenchang Formation in the Enping Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 3 始新世时期中国大陆气候分带和咸水湖分布(孙镇城等, 1997, 庞雄等，2009)
Fig. 3. Distribution of climate zones and saline lakes in the Eocene in China
图 4 恩平凹陷EP-1井文昌组烃源岩干酪根类型
Fig. 4. Kerogen types of Paleogene Wenchang Formation source rocks of Well EP-1, Enping Depression
图 5 恩平凹陷烃源岩与原油生物标志化合物分布
Fig. 5. Distribution of source rocks biomarkers and crude oil from the Enping Depression
图 6 番禺4洼、陆丰13洼、恩平17洼、恩平18洼中深湖相泥岩地震反射特征对比
Fig. 6. Comparison of seismic reflection characteristics oflacustrine mudstones in the Pangyu 4, Lufeng 13, Enping 17, and Enping 18 sag
图 7 恩平凹陷17洼、18洼文昌组各层序烃源岩展布范围
Fig. 7. Distribution and evolution of source rocks within the Wenchang sequences for the Enping17 and Enping18 Sag in the Enping depression
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