Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Mineralization in the Laojunshan Ore Concentration Area, Yunnan Province
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摘要: 云南省老君山矿集区产出南秧田、花石头、茶叶山等众多钨矿床, 是南岭成矿带西段为数不多的以钨为主的矿集区.由于受到多期构造热事件的影响, 该矿集区的成矿年龄存在较大的争议.为此, 选择白钨矿Sm-Nd同位素体系测定了南秧田钨矿田中长石石英脉型矿体的年龄, 用白云母和黑云母Ar-Ar方法厘定了区域花岗伟晶岩的形成时代及其变质围岩的变质时限.研究表明, 南秧田钨矿田中长石石英脉型白钨矿矿体的形成年龄为159±14 Ma, 明显晚于印支期形成的矽卡岩型矿体; 两花岗伟晶岩及其围岩变质作用的时代分别为144~141 Ma和121~112 Ma, 说明老君山矿集区存在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的构造热事件和成矿作用.综合前人的研究成果, 老君山矿集区受到区域花岗片麻岩和花岗岩产出特征的制约, 成矿时代分布与南岭成矿带一致, 存在晚三叠世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世和晚白垩世3个成矿高峰期.而且, 老君山矿集区的成矿特点与南岭东段的钨矿床有一定的可类比性, 是"东钨西扩"的典型实例, 这可能与老君山矿集区遭受了较高的剥蚀程度有关, 暗示南岭西段的高剥蚀区是寻找晚侏罗世钨矿床的远景区.Abstract: The Laojunshan ore concentration area, containing many tungsten deposits of Nanyangtian, Huashitou and Chayeshan, is one of the few tungsten concentration areas in the western Nanling metallogenic belt. But, its regional ore-forming ages are controversial due to multi-stage tectono-thermal events. In this paper, the scheelite Sm-Nd dating method was used to determine the ore-forming age of the feldspar quartz vein type ore bodies in the Nanyangtian ore field, and the muscovite and biotite Ar-Ar dating method were used to determine the crystallization ages of the regional granitic pegmatites and the metamorphic age of their wall rocks respectively. The dating results show that the feldspar quartz veins type ore bodies formed at 159±14 Ma, younger than the skarn type ore bodies, and the pegmatite crystallization ages and the wall rock's metamorphic ages are 144-141 Ma and 121-112 Ma respectively. So the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectono-thermal event and tungsten mineralization occurred in Laojunshan area. The metallogenic regularity in the Laojunshan areas illustrates that the regional ore deposits or spots are constrained by the regional granite gneiss and granitic intrusion, and the ore-forming period is consistent with the three ore-forming peaks in the Nanling minerallenic belt. Furthermore, the mineralization features in Laojunshan area are similar with that in the eastern Nanling metallogenic belt, which may be due to the high denudation degree. It is concluded that the great denudation area in the western Nanling region has great potential to find tungsten deposit formed in Late Triassic and Indo-Chinese and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.
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图 1 云南省老君山矿集区矿产地质图(据云南省地质局，1:20万地质矿产报告·马关幅，1976编制)
1.三叠系；2.二叠系；3.泥盆系；4.寒武系歇场组白云质灰岩；5.寒武系龙哈组白云岩；6.寒武系田蓬组白云质灰岩；7.寒武系未分层中下统片岩、片麻岩；8.花岗片麻岩；9.燕山晚期第1期中粗粒花岗岩；10.燕山晚期第2期中细粒花岗岩；11.断裂；12.超大型矿床；13.大型矿床；14.中型矿床；15.小型矿床；16.矿(化)点；17.白钨矿矿床；18.黑钨矿矿床；19.锡矿；20.钨锡矿；21.锡多金属矿；22.铍矿；23.钨铍矿；24.铜矿；25.铅锌矿；26.白云母矿；27.晚三叠世成矿；28.晚三叠世和晚侏罗-早白垩世多阶段成矿；29.晚侏罗世-早白垩世成矿；30.晚白垩世成矿；31.本文工作区
Fig. 1. Geological map of the Laojunshan ore concentration area in Yunnan Province
图 2 南秧田矿田地质图(据云南省317地质分队，1984)
1.第四系；2.下寒武统冲庄组太阳坪段白云母斜长片麻岩；3.下寒武统冲庄组南秧田段大理岩、片岩和片麻岩；4.下寒武统冲庄组戈岭段角闪变粒岩和片麻岩；5.下寒武统冲庄组戈岭段花岗片麻岩；6.下寒武统冲庄组南秧田段石英电气石岩；7.二云二长花岗岩；8.断层；9.花岗斑岩脉；10.矽卡岩；11.钠长伟晶岩脉；12.白钨矿体；13.采样位置
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Nanyangtian ore field
图 3 南秧田钨矿田中产出的长石石英脉型白钨矿矿体
a.穿过矽卡岩矿体和变质围岩的长石石英矿脉；b.长石石英矿脉切过沿石英黑云母片岩片理产出的石英细脉，石英细脉未发现明显的白钨矿化
Fig. 3. The feldspar quartz veins of Nanyangtian tungsten ore filed
图 4 云南老君山矿集区花岗伟晶岩的产出状态
a.沿黑云闪长片麻岩片理产出的保良街伟晶岩脉；b.与黑云斜长片麻岩呈侵入式接触关系上阳坡伟晶岩脉
Fig. 4. The granitic pegmatite veins exists in regional metamorphic rock
图 5 用于白云母和黑云母Ar-Ar定年的岩石照片
BLJ-2、BLJ-3分别为保良街伟晶岩脉与其黑云闪长片麻岩围岩的岩石样品；BLJ-LB-8、BLJ-LB-2分别为上阳坡某伟晶岩脉与其黑云斜长片麻岩围岩的岩石样品
Fig. 5. Pictures of rock samples for Ar-Ar dating of muscovite and biotite
图 6 南秧田矿田法瓦矿床白钨矿Sm-Nd同位素等时线
Fig. 6. The Sm-Nd isochron of scheelite in the Fawa tungsten deposit, Nanyangtian ore field
图 7 云南老君山矿集区保良街伟晶岩中白云母(BLJ-2)及其围岩中黑云母(BLJ-3)Ar-Ar定年的坪年龄和反等时线
Fig. 7. The 40Ar/39Ar plateau age spectra and inverse isochron age spectra for muscovite (BLJ-2) and biotite (BLJ-3) from the Baoliangjie pegmatite and it's wall rock respectively
图 8 云南老君山矿集区上阳坡伟晶岩中白云母(BLJ-LB-8)及其围岩中黑云母(BLJ-LB-2)Ar-Ar定年的坪年龄和反等时线
Fig. 8. The 40Ar/39Ar plateau age spectra and inverse isochron age spectra for muscovite (BLJ-LB-8) and biotite (BLJ-LB-2) from the Shangyangpo pegmatite and it's wall rock repectively
表 1 南秧田矿田法瓦矿床的白钨矿Sm-Nd定年结果
Table 1. Sm-Nd dating results of scheelite in the Fawa tungsten deposit, Nanyangtian ore field
原送样号 W(Sm)(10-6) W(Nd)(10-6) 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 1σ YF-2-1 12.15 38.38 0.191 6 0.511 980 0.000 003 YF-2-2 12.40 37.44 0.200 3 0.511 990 0.000 002 YF-2-3 13.56 35.87 0.228 7 0.512 020 0.000 003 YF-2-4 11.82 30.01 0.238 2 0.512 028 0.000 003 YF-2-5 9.49 26.88 0.213 6 0.512 004 0.000 002 YF-2-6 9.15 27.67 0.200 1 0.511 989 0.000 004 YF-2-7 15.15 46.58 0.196 8 0.511 985 0.000 004 YF-2-8 9.42 23.04 0.247 3 0.512 038 0.000 003 YF-2-9 12.17 37.56 0.196 1 0.511 985 0.000 004 
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表 2 云南老君山矿集区保良街伟晶岩脉的白云母(BLJ-2)40Ar/39Ar逐步加热分析结果
Table 2. The 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data of muscovite (BLJ-2) from the Baoliangjie pegmatite
T(℃) (40Ar/39Ar)m (36Ar/39Ar)m (37Ar/39Ar)m (38Ar/39Ar)m 40Ar(%) 40Ar/39Ar 39Ar(10-14 mol) 39Ar(Cum.)(%) 年龄(Ma) ±1σ(Ma) 400 21.218 2 0.055 8 0.246 0 0.048 9 22.28 4.728 2 23.29 0.34 82.0 11.0 500 11.645 1 0.028 9 0.091 9 0.033 6 26.67 3.105 7 25.18 0.70 54.0 10.0 600 10.724 5 0.019 5 0.040 7 0.0249 46.16 4.951 1 75.78 1.80 85.4 4.3 700 7.876 8 0.006 6 0.025 5 0.020 5 75.23 5.926 1 169.17 4.24 101.8 2.7 800 8.015 2 0.001 3 0.008 0 0.014 5 95.29 7.637 8 757.85 15.20 130.1 1.4 900 7.958 9 0.000 5 0.003 7 0.013 3 98.16 7.812 3 1013.71 29.86 133.0 1.3 1 000 7.985 5 0.000 3 0.000 6 0.012 7 98.74 7.884 7 2258.82 62.53 134.2 1.3 1 100 8.328 6 0.000 4 0.003 6 0.013 4 98.59 8.211 6 1077.28 78.11 139.5 1.5 1 200 8.501 4 0.000 4 0.001 2 0.014 9 98.62 8.384 2 997.64 92.54 142.3 1.6 1 300 8.543 3 0.000 8 0.017 0 0.014 5 97.16 8.300 7 479.43 99.47 141.0 1.6 1 400 10.692 7 0.008 2 0.079 0 0.027 6 77.34 8.270 6 36.58 100.00 140.5 2.7 注：下标m表示样品中测定的同位素比值，总的年龄=134.3 Ma，40Ar/39Ar为放射性40Ar与39Ar的比值，W=45.90 mg，J=0.009 792.
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表 3 云南老君山矿集区保良街伟晶岩脉围岩(黑云闪长片麻岩)的黑云母(BLJ-3)40Ar/39Ar逐步加热分析结果
Table 3. The 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data of biotite (BLJ-3) from the wall rock (biotite diorite gneiss) of the Baoliangjie pegmatite
T(℃) (40Ar/39Ar)m (36Ar/39Ar)m (37Ar/39Ar)m (38Ar/39Ar)m 40Ar(%) 40Ar/39Ar 39Ar(10-14 mol) 39Ar(Cum.)(%) 年龄(Ma) ±1σ(Ma) 400 174.087 4 0.586 0 0.092 4 0.133 2 0.53 0.917 6 58.96 0.72 15.9 9.6 500 24.185 9 0.077 2 0.057 9 0.031 5 5.67 1.372 0 119.15 2.18 23.7 8.7 600 19.984 4 0.047 9 0.012 0 0.023 0 29.13 5.822 1 275.66 5.54 98.3 2.4 700 8.783 3 0.007 1 0.007 4 0.014 9 76.19 6.692 0 1 137.23 19.44 112.5 1.9 800 7.459 9 0.002 5 0.005 2 0.013 2 90.13 6.723 9 707.81 28.08 113.0 1.3 900 6.971 7 0.001 1 0.006 8 0.013 4 95.48 6.656 3 1 423.19 45.47 111.9 1.2 1 000 7.148 4 0.001 6 0.025 1 0.013 8 93.37 6.674 9 841.15 55.75 112.2 1.3 1 100 6.775 0 0.000 7 0.011 1 0.013 2 97.07 6.576 9 1 993.39 80.10 110.7 1.2 1 200 6.861 2 0.000 8 0.007 5 0.013 1 96.58 6.626 5 1 349.50 96.58 111.5 1.2 1 300 7.219 5 0.001 7 0.069 1 0.015 5 93.08 6.720 5 264.77 99.82 113.0 2.1 1 400 9.719 8 0.010 6 0.257 2 0.037 6 67.82 6.593 2 14.88 100.00 110.9 3.8 注：下标m表示样品中测定的同位素比值，总的年龄=109.4 Ma，40Ar/39Ar为放射性40Ar与39Ar的比值，W=47.04 mg，J=0.009 618.
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表 4 云南老君山矿集区上阳坡伟晶岩脉的白云母(BLJ-LB-8)40Ar/39Ar逐步加热分析结果
Table 4. The 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data of muscovite (BLJ-LB-8) from the Shangyangpo pegmatite
T(℃) (40Ar/39Ar)m (36Ar/39Ar)m (37Ar/39Ar)m (38Ar/39Ar)m 40Ar(%) 40Ar/39Ar 39Ar(10-14 mol) 39Ar(Cum.)(%) 年龄(Ma) ±1σ(Ma) 400 22.144 5 0.051 8 0.232 5 0.037 2 30.87 6.838 0 37.23 0.41 122.4 7.6 500 23.978 8 0.055 9 0.125 2 0.031 2 31.18 7.476 3 59.66 1.08 133.4 8.9 600 26.045 7 0.063 7 0.090 2 0.032 3 27.73 7.224 2 51.99 1.66 129.1 9.3 700 12.976 7 0.019 2 0.025 3 0.017 6 56.27 7.302 5 401.56 6.12 130.4 2.1 800 8.605 8 0.001 8 0.007 1 0.013 8 93.81 8.072 7 894.53 16.07 143.7 1.6 900 8.298 4 0.000 4 0.007 2 0.013 4 98.47 8.171 6 2 774.91 46.92 145.3 1.4 1 000 8.159 8 0.000 5 0.008 6 0.013 4 98.07 8.002 1 1 968.16 68.80 142.5 1.4 1 100 8.281 4 0.000 6 0.026 3 0.012 9 97.89 8.106 8 1 165.88 81.77 144.2 1.6 1 200 8.180 6 0.000 4 0.015 7 0.013 0 98.49 8.057 3 1 499.16 98.44 143.4 1.4 1 300 9.281 5 0.004 3 0.243 1 0.022 7 86.60 8.039 1 125.85 99.83 143.1 1.9 1 400 13.715 1 0.019 2 0.269 3 0.043 0 58.67 8.048 2 14.87 100.00 143.2 6.1 注：下标m表示样品中测定的同位素比值，总的年龄=143.1 Ma，40Ar/39Ar为放射性40Ar与39Ar的比值，W=46.36 mg，J=0.010 268.
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表 5 云南老君山矿集区上阳坡伟晶岩脉的围岩(黑云斜长片麻岩)的黑云母(BLJ-LB-2)40Ar/39Ar逐步加热分析结果
Table 5. The 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data of biotite (BLJ-LB-2) from the wall rock (biotite plagiogneiss gneiss) of the Shangyangpo pegmatite
T(℃) (40Ar/39Ar)m (36Ar/39Ar)m (37Ar/39Ar)m (38Ar/39Ar)m 40Ar(%) 40Ar/39Ar 39Ar(10-14 mol) 39Ar(Cum.)(%) 年龄(Ma) ±1σ(Ma) 400 13.165 0 0.020 1 0.093 7 0.021 7 54.82 7.217 7 205.05 3.15 127.1 3.1 500 8.241 4 0.005 2 0.011 6 0.015 3 81.45 6.712 8 258.56 7.11 118.5 2.2 600 7.440 1 0.001 6 0.003 7 0.012 7 93.41 6.949 5 621.57 16.65 122.6 1.5 700 7.160 6 0.000 4 0.003 6 0.012 9 98.38 7.044 7 1 614.86 41.43 124.2 1.8 800 7.035 7 0.000 5 0.002 6 0.013 1 97.97 6.893 1 1 280.27 61.07 121.6 1.3 900 6.971 3 0.000 5 0.009 2 0.014 1 97.83 6.820 1 412.60 67.40 120.4 1.5 1 000 7.035 6 0.000 7 0.014 4 0.015 2 97.13 6.833 9 255.26 71.32 120.6 1.5 1 100 7.056 8 0.000 8 0.007 3 0.013 5 96.73 6.825 8 722.85 82.41 120.5 1.3 1 200 7.114 8 0.000 7 0.007 9 0.013 6 97.12 6.909 6 890.97 96.08 121.9 1.4 1 300 7.179 9 0.001 1 0.023 5 0.014 8 95.50 6.857 0 239.51 99.76 121.0 1.6 1 400 9.185 7 0.014 5 0.123 9 0.038 0 53.39 4.904 5 15.92 100.00 87.4 7.5 注：下标m表示样品中测定的同位素比值，总年龄=122.1 Ma，40Ar/39Ar为放射性40Ar与39Ar的比值，W=46.90 mg，J=0.010 116.
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表 6 云南老君山矿集区主要地质体的年龄数据
Table 6. The dating results of main geological bodies in the Laojunshan ore concentration area
矿床名称 地质体 定年方法 年龄(Ma) 参考文献 南秧田钨矿 矽卡岩 辉钼矿Re-Os 209~214 冯佳睿等，2011a 金云母Ar-Ar 114~129 谭洪旗等，2011 长石石英脉 白钨矿Sm-Nd 159±14 本文 新寨锡矿 矽卡岩 金云母Ar-Ar 209 冯佳睿等，2011a 花石头钨矿 石英脉 白云母Ar-Ar 85 刘玉平等，2011 洒西钨铍矿 矽卡岩 金云母Ar-Ar 120 刘玉平等，2011 都龙锡多金属矿床 矽卡岩 锡石TIMS U-Pb 80 刘玉平等，2007 保良街伟晶岩 白云母钠长石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar 141 本文 黑云闪长片麻岩 黑云母Ar-Ar 112 本文 上阳坡伟晶岩 白云母钠长石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar 144 本文 黑云斜长片麻岩 黑云母Ar-Ar 121 本文
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