碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩的显微构造及成因机制

韦博; 金振民; 章军锋

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.096

碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩的显微构造及成因机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.096

韦博^1,,
金振民^{1, 2},
章军锋^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41174076

国家自然科学基金项目 41002068

详细信息

作者简介:
韦博(1986-), 女, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业.E-mail: bow_1986@163.com

中图分类号: 545
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-07-28
- 刊出日期: 2013-09-15

Deformation Microstructures and Mechanism of Ultrahigh-Pressure Garnet Wehrlite from Bixiling, Dabie Mountains

WEI Bo^1
,,
JIN Zhen-min^{1, 2},
ZHANG Jun-feng^{1, 2}

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 对超高压变质带中橄榄岩变形显微构造的研究, 有助于了解板块边界构造环境中地幔物质的流变性质和变形机制, 进而探讨其在深俯冲/折返过程中的地球动力学过程的作用.采用光学显微镜、电子探针、红外光谱、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、位错氧化缀饰等多种方法系统研究了来自中国大别碧溪岭的石榴异剥橄榄岩中的变形显微构造.研究结果表明: (1)碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩发育较好的形状优选方位, 但只有单斜辉石显示了强晶格优选方位, 而橄榄石晶格优选方位很弱, 与常见上地幔橄榄岩中单斜辉石组构弱而橄榄石组构强的特点差异显著, 反映了单斜辉石经历位错蠕变而橄榄石经历位错调节的颗粒边界滑移变形; (2)碧溪岭异剥橄榄岩中单斜辉石和橄榄石均含有一定量的结构水, 其中单斜辉石含水量124×10^-6~274×10^-6, 橄榄石含水量38×10^-6~80×10^-6, 高于常见造山带橄榄岩中各矿物的含水量, 可能反映了壳源物质混染引起的高含水量变形环境; (3)橄榄石中发育显著位错显微构造, 根据位错显微构造计算的变形差异应力为230~600 MPa, 高于正常上地幔稳态流变应力, 反映了俯冲带中的相对低温变形环境.综合分析研究表明, 超高压变质带中的高压、低温、高差异应力和高结构水含量是形成碧溪岭相对独特的橄榄石、单斜辉石变形显微构造的原因.
- 石榴异剥橄榄岩 /
- 晶格优选方位 /
- 位错 /
- 结构水 /
- 差异应力 /
- 显微构造
Abstract: Studies of deformed microstructures of peridotite in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt are conductive to understand rheological property and deformation mechanism of mantle materials derived from plate boundary, then further to explore the effect of microstructures during geodynamic process of the deep subduction and exhumation. Deformed microstructures of garnet wehrlite from Bixiling, Dabie Mountains are systematically studied through optical microscope, electron probe, infrared spectroscopy, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique and the method of oxidation decoration. Results show that: (1) garnet wehrlite from Bixiling with strong shape preferred orientation (SPO), but only clinopyroxene with strong lattice preferred orientation (LPO) and olivine with weak lattice preferred orientation, which is obviously different from the common characteristics of mantle peridotite which exhibits the stronger fabric in olivine than in clinopyroxene and in addition, reflects that clinopyroxene deforms through dislocation creep but olivine through grain boundary sliding with the adjustment of dislocation; (2) certain content of structural water are contained in clinopyroxene and olivine of garnet wehrlite from Bixiling, clinopyroxene with 124×10^-6-247×10^-6 and olivine with 38×10^-6-80×10^-6, which are higher than that in minerals of general peridotite in orogenic belt and may reflect the environment with high water content caused by the contamination of crust material; (3) significant dislocation microstructures developed in olivine and 230-600 MPa of differential stress calculated by the dislocation microstructures which is higher than the steady flow stress of normal upper mantle and indicates that our samples once have experienced the relative low-temperature deforming environment in subduction zone. Comprehensive study shows that the relatively special deforming microstructures in olivine and clinopyroxene from Bixiling attribute to the high pressure, low temperature, high differential stress and structural water content in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt.
- garnet wehrlite /
- lattice preferred orientation(LPO) /
- dislocations /
- structural water /
- differential stress /
- microstructures

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图 1 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩岩石学特征

a.样品BXL-1手标本，显示面理和蛇纹石化作用；b.样品BXL-2标本，黑色方框中为蛇纹石化较轻微区域；c.被蛇纹石隔离成孤岛状的橄榄石和石榴石中的钛斜硅镁石包裹体；d.单斜辉石和其中的钛斜硅镁石包裹体；e.发生了亚颗粒化的单斜辉石；f.样品BXL-10中显示强形状优选方位的单斜辉石和橄榄石，同一橄榄石被蛇纹石切割为若干小颗粒；Ol.橄榄石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Grt.石榴石；Serp.蛇纹石；Chu.钛斜硅镁石

Fig. 1. Petrographic characteristics of the garnet wehrlite from Bixiling

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图 2 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中单斜辉石(a)和橄榄石(b)的晶格优选方位

n表示EBSD采集的矿物颗粒点数；彩色标尺表示数据点密度；L.线理(东西向)；S.面理(东西向垂面)；等面积下半球投影

Fig. 2. Lattice preferred orientation of clinopyroxene (a) and olivine (b) in the Bixiling garnet wehrlite

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图 3 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中单斜辉石(a)和橄榄石(b)的代表性红外吸收光谱谱线

Fig. 3. Representative IR spectra of clinopyroxene (a) and olivine (b) in the garnet wehrlite from Bixiling

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图 4 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中橄榄石位错的背散射(a~d)及透射光(e~f)图像

a.自由位错，呈点状，不同颗粒间分布不均匀；b.自由位错，呈点状，同一颗粒内分布不均匀；c.位错壁；d.位错弓弯，弓弯方向相同；e.位错环；f.位错网络，呈矩形网

Fig. 4. Backscattered electron (a-d) and optical (e-f) transmission images of dislocation structures in olivine from the Bixiling garnet wehrlite

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图 5 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中橄榄石对数位错壁间距频数分布

Fig. 5. Representative histograms displaying the number of dislocation walls versus logarithm of the wall spacing in olivine of the garnet wehrlite from Bixiling

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表 1 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中主要矿物化学成分平均值(%)

Table 1. The averaged chemical composition of major constituent minerals in the garnet wehrlite from Bixiling

样品号	矿物	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	总量
BXL-1	Ol	39.906	0.031	0.034	0.001	13.895	0.057	45.690	0.005	0.005	0.008	99.632	Fo=85
	Cpx	54.665	0.050	1.977	0.735	5.601	0.031	14.082	18.915	3.314	0.001	99.370	Fo=85
	Grt	39.686	0.056	21.388	1.208	17.672	0.550	15.084	3.863	0.015	0.004	99.526	Di=75
	Mt	0.081	0.833	1.332	5.210	84.587	0.180	0.392	0.000	0.012	0.005	92.633	Pyr=57
	Serp	42.730	0.031	0.832	0.001	3.298	0.006	37.939	0.045	0.011	0.003	84.895	Pyr=57
BXL-10	Ol	40.109	0.031	0.035	0.002	13.995	0.063	45.453	0.002	0.012	0.010	99.712	Fo=84
	Cpx	49.160	0.148	8.834	0.410	6.613	0.078	19.791	10.262	2.188	0.387	97.420	Fo=84
	Grt	39.760	0.054	20.849	1.601	17.960	0.607	14.513	4.168	0.023	0.011	99.545	Di=69
	Mt	0.082	0.905	1.665	6.152	82.900	0.124	0.791	0.000	0.017	0.004	92.640	Phy=55
	Serp	43.172	0.029	0.801	0.002	3.311	0.019	38.107	0.036	0.022	0.009	85.507	Phy=55
BXL-14	Ol	39.818	0.031	0.023	0.001	14.715	0.062	45.077	0.005	0.001	0.001	99.733	Fo=84
	Cpx	54.960	0.061	2.696	0.841	6.070	0.032	12.937	17.775	4.024	0.036	99.434	Fo=84
	Grt	39.585	0.057	21.581	1.073	18.038	0.631	14.553	3.980	0.017	0.009	99.524	Di=69
	Mt	0.081	0.816	1.213	5.234	84.472	0.076	0.752	0.000	0.016	0.004	92.664	Di=69
	Serp	43.268	0.033	0.830	0.001	2.782	0.003	38.283	0.049	0.011	0.009	85.267	Pyr=55
	Chu	37.537	4.119	0.057	0.041	14.296	0.071	43.578	0.015	0.056	0.026	99.796	Pyr=55
注：样品中各矿物的的电子探针成分分析(%)；Fo.橄榄石镁值, Mg^# =100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)；Di.单斜辉石中透辉石成分，Di=100×[Ca-(Al-Na-K+Fe³⁺)/2]；Pyr.石榴石镁铝质成分，Pyr=100×Mg/(F²⁺+Ca+Mn+Mg)；Ol.橄榄石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Grt.石榴石；Mt.磁铁矿(Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺同时存在)；Serp.蛇纹石；Chu.钛斜硅镁石. 测试单位为中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室电子探针实验室，仪器型号为JXA-8100.

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表 2 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中橄榄石和单斜辉石的含水量

Table 2. Water contents of olivine and clinopyroxene in the garnet wehrlite from Bixiling

样品号	矿物种类	颗粒数	含水量(10^-6)
样品号	矿物种类	颗粒数	最大值	最小值	平均值
BXL-1	Ol	13	196	11	70
BXL-1	Cpx	24	501	31	236
BXL-2	Ol	15	66	17	38
BXL-2	Cpx	13	369	30	124
BXL-10	Ol	27	136	34	80
BXL-10	Cpx	25	539	92	274
BXL-14	Ol	12	127	16	54
BXL-14	Cpx	14	407	59	174
注：Ol.橄榄石；Cpx.单斜辉石.

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表 3 碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩中橄榄石差异应力计算

Table 3. Calculations of differential stress on olivine in the garnet wehrlite from Bixiling

取值	位错壁间距d(μm)	差异应力σ(MPa)
取值	位错壁间距d(μm)	σ=1 000/d	σ=(d/280)^-1/0.67	σ=100×(d/15)^-1/0.69	σ=1 462.5/d
几何平均值	4.36	230±17	499±57	600±66	336±25
算术平均值	5.19	193±12	384±38	465±44	282±18
计算公式来源		Durhanm et al., 1977	Karato et al., 1980	Ross et al., 1980	Toriumi, 1979

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