浙东中新世<i>Cinnamomum</i> cf. <i>bejolghota</i>微细构造及其古环境意义

何文龙; 何雨栗; 陈军林; 肖良; 刀克群; 吴靖宇; 李相传; 孙柏年

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.046

浙东中新世Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota微细构造及其古环境意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.046

何文龙^{1, 2,},
何雨栗¹,
陈军林¹,
肖良³,
刀克群¹,
吴靖宇¹,
李相传³,
孙柏年^{1, 2, ,}

1.
兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
2.
中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210008
3.
长安大学地球科学与国土资源学院, 陕西西安 710064

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目 2012CB822003

国家自然科学基金 41172022

高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金 20100211110019

现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所)开放基金 093110

详细信息

作者简介:
何文龙(1982-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事古生物学与地层学研究.E-mail: hewl07@lzu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙柏年, E-mail: bnsun@lzu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2013-05-15

Microstructures of Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota from the Miocene of Eastern Zhejiang and Its Palaeoenvironmental Significance

1.
School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3.
The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China

摘要

摘要: 化石采自浙江天台嵊县组.该地层含丰富被子植物压型化石及少量裸子植物化石.利用叶结构分析法, 依据叶脉、叶尖、叶基等稳定性特征, 对一种樟科植物化石的宏观形态进行了详细的研究; 结合表皮特征分析, 发现该化石与现生Cinnamomum bejolghota(Buch-Ham.)Sweet在叶形、叶脉特征以及表皮脉络细胞特征、气孔器类型和毛基特征等方面均很相似, 因而将当前化石定名为Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota(钝叶桂相似种).通过分析化石钝叶桂的角质层微细构造特征, 结合现生钝叶桂的分布范围和生存环境恢复了浙东地区中新世的古气候和古环境特征, 推测当时的气候比现在更为炎热多雨, 同时认为钝叶桂从中新世至今有南迁的趋势.
- 植物化石 /
- 角质层特征 /
- 浙江东部 /
- 中新世 /
- 嵊县组 /
- 地层学
Abstract: Leaf fossils are collected for this study from the Shengxian Formation in Tiantai, Zhejiang Province. There are abundant compressed angiosperm fossils and a few gymnosperm fossils in the Shengxian Formation. Based on steady macromorphology of leaf including the base, the apex, the vein and so on, one species of Lauraceae plant fossils is studied in detail by analyzing the leaf architecture and cuticle characteristics in this paper. The fossil leaves and living Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch-Ham.) Sweet are found sharing resemblance on the leaf shape, leaf vein, vein cell, stomata type and the features of trichomes. So the fossil leaves are identified as Cinnamomum bejolghota. Based on cuticle characteristics of fossil leaves and the distribution area and survival environment of living Cinnamomum bejolghota, we come to the following conclusions on the paleoclimate and paleoenviroment in eastern Zhejiang, that it was hotter and moister than present, and the distribution area of Cinnamomum bejolghota moved southward from Miocene.
- plant fossils /
- cuticular microstructure /
- eastern Zhejiang /
- Miocene /
- Shengxian Formation /
- stratigraphy

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图 1 化石采集位置

★表示化石采集点

Fig. 1. Locality of fossils in Zhengjiang Province, China

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图 2 张墅剖面与家湖剖面地层对比

Fig. 2. The stratigraphic comparison of Zhangshu Section and Jiahu Section

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图 3 化石Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota素描(据JHU-1-838)

Fig. 3. Line drawing showing fossil Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota

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图 4 化石Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota和现生Cinnamomum bejolghota叶形及光学显微镜下的表皮特征

a.JHU-1-838正面；b.JHU-1-838负面；c.现生标本；d.JHU-141正面；e.JHU-141叶尖；f.JHU-141叶基；g.化石下表皮；h.钝叶桂下表皮；文中所用化石标本及薄片均保存于兰州大学资源环境学院古生物与地层学研究所

Fig. 4. The leaf shape and cuticular features (under light microscope) of fossil Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota and living Cinnamomum bejolghota

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图 5 化石Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota和现生Cinnamomum bejolghota光学显微镜下的表皮特征

a.化石上表皮；b.钝叶桂上表皮；c.化石叶脉及毛基；d.化石气孔器；e.钝叶桂气孔器；f.化石毛基；g.钝叶桂毛基

Fig. 5. The cuticular features of fossil Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota and living Cinnamomum bejolghota under light microscope

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图 6 化石Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota扫描电镜下的表皮特征

a.下表皮；b.气孔器；c.上表皮内观面；d.上表皮外观面；e.叶脉及毛基；f.毛基

Fig. 6. Cuticular features of fossil Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota under scanning electron microscope

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表 1 中国樟科樟属肉桂组形态特征

Table 1. The morphological characteristics of Cinnamomum section Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) in China

种名	叶形	长(cm)	宽(cm)	叶脉	叶基	叶尖
C. reticulatum	倒卵形	4~6	2~3	三出脉或离基三出脉	渐狭	钝或圆形
C.pauciflorum	卵圆形或卵圆状披针形	(3.5)6.5~10.5	(1.2)2.5~5	三出脉或离基三出脉	宽楔形至圆形	短渐尖
C.jensenianum	披针形或长圆状披针形	5~10(20)	1.5~3(6)	离基三出脉	宽楔形至近圆形	尾状渐尖
C. japonicum	卵圆状长圆形、披针形	7~10	3~3.5	离基三出脉	宽楔形或钝形	锐尖至急尖
C. osmophloeum	卵圆状长圆形、披针形	8~12	2.5(3.5) ~5(5.5)	近离基三出脉	钝至近圆形	锐尖至渐尖
C.rigidissimum	卵圆形、阔卵形或椭圆形	(3.5)4~7(8)	(2.2)2.5~4(6)	离基三出脉	宽楔形、钝至近圆形	钝或急尖
C. validinerve	椭圆形	4~9.5	2~3.5	离基三出脉	楔形	短钝尖头
C.liangii	椭圆状披针形	5.5~11	1.6~4(5)	离基三出脉	锐尖或近圆形	渐尖
C.tonkinense	卵状长圆形、披针形	(6)8~12(17)	(2.5)3~5(5.5)	离基三出脉	宽楔形至近圆形	短渐尖或钝形
C.tsoi	椭圆状披针形	7~11	1.5~3.5	离基三出脉	楔形	渐尖
C. burmannii	卵圆形、长圆形、披针形	5.5~10.5	2~5	离基三出脉	宽楔形	短渐尖
C.bejolghota	椭圆状长圆形	12~30	4~9	三出脉或离基三出脉	近圆形或渐狭	急尖或渐尖
C.kotoens	卵圆形至长圆状卵圆形	8~11(14)	4~5.5(9)	离基三出脉	圆形	锐尖
C. zeylanicum	卵圆形或卵状披针形	11~16	4.5~5.5	离基三出脉	锐尖	渐尖
C.pingbienense	长圆形或长圆状卵圆形	12.5~24	4.5~8.5	离基三出脉	宽楔形	锐尖
C.tamala	卵圆形、长圆形或披针形	7.5~15	(2.5)3~5.5	离基三出脉	锐尖或宽楔形	渐尖
C. pittosporoides	椭圆形或披针状椭圆形	9~13(16)	3~5(7.5)	羽状脉	楔形	渐尖
C.kwangtungense	椭圆形至长圆形披针形	7~9	2.5~4	三出脉或不明显离基三出脉	宽楔形至近圆形	明显渐尖
C.wilsonii	卵圆形或卵圆状长圆形	8.5~18	3.2~5.3	离基三出脉	渐狭下延至叶柄	渐尖, 尖头钝
C. contractum	卵形至宽卵形	9~14	3.5~7.5	离基三出脉	宽楔形至近圆形	渐尖, 尖头钝
C. iners	卵圆形或椭圆形	12~35	5.5~8.5	三出脉或离基三出脉	宽楔形至近圆形	钝或微凹
C.austro-yunnanensei	长圆形或披针长圆形	7~17(22)	2~4.5(6)	三出脉或离基三出脉	近圆形	钝或锐尖
C. tsangii	披针形或长圆状披针形	5~10	1.5~2.5	离基三出脉	宽楔形	镰状渐尖
C. mairei	披针形	6~11	2.5~4	离基三出脉	渐狭至近圆形	渐尖, 尖头钝
C. javanicum	椭圆形或椭圆状卵形	11~22	5~6.5	近离基三出脉	近圆形	尾尖
C. appelianum	椭圆形、椭圆状披针形至卵形或卵状椭圆形	4.5~11.5	1.5~4	离基三出脉	楔形至近圆形	骤然短渐尖
C. cassia	长椭圆形至近披针形	8~16(34)	4~5.5(9.5)	离基三出脉	急尖	稍急尖
C. austro-sinense	椭圆形	6.5~8.5(12)	3~4(5)	三出脉或近离基三出脉	钝	急尖
C. subavenium	椭圆形、卵状椭圆形至披针形	4~13.5	2~6	三出脉或近离基三出脉	楔形至圆形	渐尖或短尖
注：据中国植物志第31卷，1982.

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表 2 钝叶桂(相似种)、现生钝叶桂、化石樟(未定种)形态比较

Table 2. Comparison of leaf configurations among of Cinnamomum cf. bejolghota, living Cinnamomum bejolghota and Cinnamomum sp.

类型	叶形	叶脉	叶缘	叶质	资料来源
钝叶桂(相似种) C. cf. bejolghota	叶状椭圆形，长9~11 cm，宽3~4 cm；叶基渐狭，顶端渐尖	具离基三出脉，侧脉与中脉交点距叶基0.8 cm，交角为25°~30°；中脉明显且直，逐渐变细；侧脉略细，弧曲，大致伸向叶端；横脉及细脉细弱，呈网状	全缘	革质	本文
现生钝叶桂Living C. bejolghota	椭圆状长圆形，长12~30 cm，宽4~9 cm；先端钝、急尖或渐尖，基部近圆形或渐狭	三出脉或离基三出脉，侧脉自叶基0.5~1.5 cm处生出，斜伸，与中脉直贯叶端，横脉及细脉在上面不明显，下面稍明显，呈网状	全缘	硬革质	中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会，1982
化石樟(未定种) Cinnamomum sp.	叶为披针形，可见长度7.7 cm，宽3.3 cm，顶部未保存；基部楔形	离基三出脉，侧脉与中脉交点距叶基0.6 cm，交角为25°~30°；侧脉细弱，在叶的近基部可见.外脉环结成脉环	全缘	革质	地质矿产部南京地质矿产研究所，1982

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