Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Deposit in Lanping Basin: A Discussion on Characteristics and Source of Ore-Forming Fluids and Source of Metallogenic Materials
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摘要: 白秧坪矿床位于滇西北兰坪盆地北部, 是一沉积岩容矿的铅锌铜银多金属矿床, 矿体赋存于中生代地层中, 受断裂构造控制明显.通过成矿期方解石、石英、闪锌矿中流体包裹体研究, 以及方解石的C、O和含硫矿物的S、Pb同位素研究, 来探讨成矿流体性质及其来源和成矿物质来源.研究表明, 白秧坪矿床包裹体一般小于10 μm, 气液两相为主, 成矿流体体系为Ca2+-Na+—K+-Mg2+-Cl--F--NO3-卤水体系, 矿床矿物中冰点温度范围为-26.4~-0.2 ℃, 平均为-14.6 ℃, 均一温度集中于120~180 ℃, 盐度为0.35%~24.73%(NaCleq), 平均值16.9%(NaCleq), 成矿流体密度在0.84~1.11 g/cm3之间, 平均值1.04 g/cm3, 成矿压力为28.0~46.9 MPa, 平均37.6 MPa, 对应的成矿深度约1 058~2 452 m, 平均1 555 m, 集中于1 200~1 800 m; 碳质的来源较为均一, 矿石中热液方解石中碳源自地层中碳酸盐岩溶解, 成矿流体属于盆地流体系统, 有大气降水的加入; 成矿物质硫来自硫酸盐的热化学还原作用, 或者含硫有机质的热分解, 金属成矿物质来自沉积地层和盆地基底.Abstract: Located in Mesozoic strata of northern Lanping basin, Northwest of Yunnan Province, Baiyangping deposit is a sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit controlled by fracture. In this paper, a study is carried out on the fluid inclusions in ore-forming stage calcite, quartz, sphalerite and C, O isotope of calcite and S, Pb isotope of sulfur-bearing minerals, on basis of which the character and source of ore-forming fluids and the source of ore-forming materials are discussed. The fluid inclusions of Baiyangping deposit are generally less than 10 μm, main gas-liquid phase. The ore-forming fluid system was Ca2+-Na+-K+-Mg2+-Cl--F--NO3- brine system. The freezing temperature of fluid inclusions in mineral deposits ranges from -26.4 to -0.2 ℃, with an average of -14.6 ℃; the homogenization temperature is concentrated in 120-180 ℃, and the salinity varies from 0.35% to 24.73% (NaCleq), with an average of 16.9% (NaCleq). ore-forming fluid density is between 0.84 g/cm3 and 1.11 g/cm3, with an average of 1.04 g/cm3, mineralization pressure is between 28.0 MPa and 46.9 MPa, with an average of 37.6 MPa; the corresponding mineralization depths is between 1 058 m and 2 452 m, with an average of 1 555 m, concentrated in 1 200 m to 1 800 m; Carbon and oxygen isotope data indicate a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata. The ore-forming fluid belongs to the basin brine fluid system, which is mixed with the precipitate water; S isotope data show that sulfur in sulfides and sulphosalts is derived from thermochemical sulfate reduction, or the thermal decomposition of sulfur-bearing organic matter; the metal mineralization material is from sedimentary strata and basement.
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Key words:
- Lanping basin /
- Baiyangping /
- ore-forming fluid /
- metallogenic material /
- polymetallic deposit
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图 1 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床矿区地质及矿体分布(据云南省地质调查院矿产调查所及宁夏有色金属地质勘查院修编①②)
1.花开佐组下段一亚段；2.花开佐组下段二亚段；3.花开佐组上段；4.景星组下段一亚段；5.景星组下段二亚段下部；6.景星组下段二亚段上部；7.景星组下段二亚段；8.景星组下段三亚段；9.南星组下段；10.南星组上段；11.云龙组下段；12.云龙组上段；13.第四系；14.地层界线；15.断层；16矿体；17.采样点
Fig. 1. The geological map and distribution of ore bodies of Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
图 3 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床流体包裹体显微照片
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions from Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
图 4 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床盐度与均一温度关系
Fig. 4. The homogenization temperature and salinity relation of Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
图 5 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床硫同位素组成
Fig. 5. S isotopic composition of Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
图 6 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床方解石氧同位素组成分布(底图据Hoefs，2009)
Fig. 6. δ18O values of calcite from Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit and important geological reservoirs
图 7 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床方解石的C、O同位素值分布(底图据刘家军等，2004；略简化)
Fig. 7. C-O isotope of calcite in the Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
图 8 白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床铅同位素Δβ-Δγ成因分类图解(底图据朱炳泉，1998)
1.地幔源铅；2.上地壳铅；3.上地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带铅(3a岩浆作用，3b沉积作用)；4.化学沉积型铅；5.海底热水作用铅；6.中深变质作用铅；7.深变质下地壳铅；8.造山带铅；9.古老页岩上地壳铅；10.退变质铅；Δβ=1 000×β/(βM-1)，Δγ=1 000×γ/(γM-1)，β、γ和βM、γM分别为样品和地幔的207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb；i.富隆厂矿段；ii.李子坪矿段；iii.吴底厂矿段；iv.白秧坪矿段；v.元古代变质岩、花岗岩；vi.寒武系片岩、白云岩；vii.二叠系凝灰岩、灰岩、玄武岩、角斑岩；viii.三叠系流纹岩、玄武岩；ix.三叠系灰岩；x.侏罗系砂岩；xi.白垩系砂岩；xii.第三系砂岩
Fig. 8. Δβ-Δγ genetic classification of lead isotope in Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposits
图 9 兰坪盆地白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床Pb同位素组成与邻区地层全岩Pb同位素对比(地层岩石中Pb同位素数据陈式房等，1991; 王峰，2004)
i.富隆厂矿段；ii.李子坪矿段；iii.吴底厂矿段；iv.白秧坪矿段；v.元古代变质岩、花岗岩；vi.寒武系片岩、白云岩；vii.二叠系凝灰岩、灰岩、玄武岩、角斑岩；viii.三叠系流纹岩、玄武岩；ix.三叠系灰岩；x.侏罗系砂岩；xi.白垩系砂岩；xii.第三系砂岩
Fig. 9. Comparison of Pb isotope composition of sulfides from Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit and whole-rock Pb isotope composition of strata from adjacent areas
表 1 白秧坪铅锌银铜多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及参数
Table 1. Microthermometric data and characteristics of fluid inclusion in Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
序号 矿段 样品号 寄主矿物 包裹体特征 冰点温度(℃) 均一温度(℃) 盐度(NaCleq%) 密度ρ(g/cm3) 深度估算(m) 资料来源 类型 大小(μm) 气液比估算(%) 1 富隆厂 FLC054-2 石英 富液两相 4~10 5~10 -17.6~-5.6 137~214.6 8.7~20.67 0.975~1.02 1 780.4~2 272.0 实测 2 富隆厂 FLC2-5 闪锌矿 富液两相 4~5 5 138~181.6 实测 3 富隆厂 FLC2-8 闪锌矿 富液两相 10 5 -21 143.9 23.05 1.09 1 525.9 实测 4 富隆厂 FLC2-21 闪锌矿 富液两相 5~7 5~10 -20.6~-9 118.2~138.2 12.85~22.78 1.025~1.11 1 253.2~1 463.6 实测 5 富隆厂 FLC054-7 闪锌矿 富液两相 5~10 5 123~188.1 实测 6 吴底厂 2WDC2-4 闪锌矿 富液两相 6~10 5~10 -20~-15.6 120~206.1 19.13~22.38 1.07~1.105 1 270.6~1 449.0 实测 7 吴底厂 2WDC2-9 闪锌矿 富液两相 10~13 5 -21 130~134 23.05 1.1 1 420.9 实测 8 吴底厂 LP08-43 闪锌矿 富液两相 8 5 -16.6 120 19.92 1.08 1 269.7 实测 9 吴底厂 LP08-44 闪锌矿 富液两相 11~12 5~10 -20.8~-16.2 130~137 19.6~22.91 1.07~1.1 1 375.8~1 449.2 实测 10 吴底厂 WDC022-1 闪锌矿 富液两相 7~8 5~10 -21.6~-16.9 100~138 20.15~22.38 1.08~1.105 1 058.3~1 461.7 实测 11 吴底厂 WDC022-8 闪锌矿 富液两相 4~10 5~10 -20.5~-19 120~139 21.68~22.71 1.08~1.095 1 271.4~1 440.9 实测 12 李子坪 LZP2-2 方解石 富液两相 5 10 -2.5 153.2 4.18 0.94 1531.2 实测 13 李子坪 LZP2-2 闪锌矿 富液两相 5~20 5~10 -24~-20.1 130~167 22.44~24.02 1.07~1.11 1 379.0~1 771.6 实测 14 李子坪 LZP2-3-1 方解石 富液两相 4~10 10~20 -5.5~-1.4 122~238 2.57~8.55 0.84~0.96 1 169.4~2 365.7 实测 15 李子坪 LZP2-4 方解石 富液两相 7~8 5~10 -19.3~-2 129~153 3.39~21.89 0.945~1.07 1 363.8~1 621.2 实测 16 李子坪 LZP2-6-1 方解石 富液两相 4~12 5~20 -19.1~-5.1 111~233 8~21.75 0.925~1.105 1 176.0~2 452.6 实测 17 李子坪 LZP2-6-1 闪锌矿 富液两相 8~10 5~20 -24.5~-20 145~150 22.38~24.17 1.08~1.095 1 538.2~1 591.3 实测 18 李子坪 LZP2-9-2 方解石 富液两相 20 10 -0.3 0.53 实测 19 李子坪 LZP021-1 方解石 富液两相 6~17 5~20 -26.4~-5 143~189 7.86~24.73 0.93~1.1 1 517.5~1 977.9 实测 20 李子坪 LZP021-2 闪锌矿 富液两相 9 10 -20.8 130 22.91 1.1 1 378.4 实测 21 白秧坪 B29 重晶石 -0.2 179 0.35 0.9 1 103.0 曾荣，2007 22 白秧坪 B29 方解石 -7.6~-2.1 165~238 曾荣，2007 23 白秧坪 B28 天青石 -3.1~-0.9 183~284 曾荣，2007 24 白秧坪 BYP29 方解石 -3.0~-0.9 122~181 曾荣，2007 25 白秧坪 B33 天青石 -4.1~-0.8 123~258 曾荣，2007 26 白秧坪 B20 方解石 -0.7 140 1.22 0.94 1206.4 曾荣，2007 27 白秧坪 BYP 闪锌矿 105~155 杨伟光等，2003 28 白秧坪 ss97066 石英脉 富液两相 -3.3 189 5.3 0.91 1917.1 徐启东和李建威，2003 
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表 2 流体包裹体气相液相成分分析结果(μg/g)
Table 2. Gas and liquid compositions of fluid inclusions from Baiyangping Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetallic deposit
样号 矿物名称 CH4 C2H2+C2H4 C2H6 CO2 H2O O2 N2 CO Li+ LZP2-1 方解石 0.223 0.065 微量 167.509 195.102 5.316 33.188 — 0 LZP2-6-1 方解石 0.356 0.082 微量 468.483 198.428 39.196 171.563 — 0 FLC2-3-3 方解石 0.577 0.106 0.027 203.815 210.382 3.088 28.287 — 0.437 WDC022-4 方解石 0.505 0.126 0.018 184.049 177.565 4.247 30.514 — 0.195 FLC2-8 闪锌矿 0 FLC2-21 闪锌矿 0 LZP021-2 闪锌矿 0 LZP2-6-1 闪锌矿 0 2WDC2-7 闪锌矿 0 2WDC2-15 闪锌矿 0 WDC022-4 闪锌矿 0 LP08-45 闪锌矿 0 样号 矿物名称 Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ F- Cl- NO2- Br- NO3- SO42- LZP2-1 方解石 15.939 5.817 224.675 — 9.814 19.839 0 0.276 0.634 — LZP2-6-1 方解石 14.667 1.658 9.225 — 1.417 39.652 0 0.859 0.264 — FLC2-3-3 方解石 8.488 10.360 104.774 — 5.903 10.688 0 0.071 0.174 — WDC022-4 方解石 2.072 0.622 2.474 — 1.078 2.431 0 0 0.140 — FLC2-8 闪锌矿 14.447 6.385 4.941 28.253 0.244 5.226 0 0.153 0.254 — FLC2-21 闪锌矿 21.732 3.284 8.840 67.825 0.278 11.479 0 0 0.267 — LZP021-2 闪锌矿 7.485 1.180 1.498 24.699 0.251 4.983 0 0 0.115 — LZP2-6-1 闪锌矿 13.151 2.197 0.713 125.827 0.264 9.080 0 0 0.195 — 2WDC2-7 闪锌矿 12.227 1.217 0 4.393 0.095 4.767 0 0 0.102 — 2WDC2-15 闪锌矿 3.663 0.958 1.116 131.645 0.103 1.294 0 0 0.089 — WDC022-4 闪锌矿 7.459 1.504 0.561 25.270 0.160 6.550 0 0 0.488 — LP08-45 闪锌矿 8.569 3.642 1.737 12.580 0.200 7.569 0 0 0.768 — 注：“—”表未检出.
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