Response of Hydrocarbon Fluid Source to Tectonic Deformation in Multicycle Superimposed Basin: Example from Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Marine Strata in Yangtze Block
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摘要: 多旋回叠合盆地的多旋回构造演化制约着盆地的成烃演化, 使烃流体源显示多源化的特征, 而构造变形对烃流体源的成烃制约主要是通过对地质体的埋藏作用来体现.基于扬子地块海相构造变形, 将其分为断陷反转、断块反转、逆冲推覆和复合叠加等4类构造变区形, 并确立相应构造变形作用下中新生代海相地层构造-埋藏类型.通过烃流体源与地质体构造-埋藏类型对应关系的建立, 认为下扬子与中扬子江汉断陷区的强烈暴露-断陷埋藏构造变形控制的烃流体源为残留烃流体源和二次生烃; 中扬子湘鄂西和大洪山的强烈隆升-海相暴露变形区烃流体源为残留烃流体源; 大巴山和龙门山前陆冲断带的晚期弱抬升-推覆埋藏构造变形制约的烃流体源为干酪根裂解气、油裂解气和残留烃流体源, 而江南隆起北缘推覆体下地质体的强烈隆升-推覆埋藏致使烃流体源可能为干酪根裂解气和油裂解气; 上扬子持续埋藏-晚期隆升区烃流体源为干酪根裂解气、油裂解气和沥青裂解气.Abstract: Multicycle tectonic evolution controls the hydrocarbon-generation evolution, and causes variegated genesis of hydrocarbon fluid source in the multicycle superimposed basin. The temperature is the essential factor to hydrocarbon-generation evolution, and it could be reflected by burial depth of geologic body, so the control of tectonic deformation on hydrocarbon-generation evolution of hydrocarbon fluid source is mainly displayed by the burial history of geologic body. According to the tectonic evolution characteristics, there are four kinds of different deformation in Yangtze block, such as inversion of fault depression, inversion of fault block, thrusting and composite superimpose, then, the four patterns of tectonic evolution-burial history are also established about the marine strata in Meso-Cenozoic. Based on the response of hydrocarbon fluid source to the type of tectonic evolution-burial history, the study indicates that there are vestigal protogenic hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon generated secondly from kerogen in Lower Yangtze region and Jianghan fault depression of whose tectonic evolution-burial history is consuming exposure-fault depression burial, and vestigal protogenic hydrocarbon in the western Hunan-Hubei and Dahongshan area in Middle Yangtze region of which is consuming uplift-marine strata exposure, kerogen-cracking gas, oil-cracking gas and vestigal protogenic hydrocarbon in the thrust belts of Longmenshan and Dabashan of which is late low uplift-thrust burial, kerogen-cracking gas and oil-cracking gas in the northern Jiangnan uplift of which is consuming uplift-thrust burial, kerogen-cracking gas, oil-cracking gas and bitumen-cracking gas in Upper Yangtze region whose type of ones is durative burial-later uplift.
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图 1 扬子地块差异构造形变区划与海相构造单元
Fig. 1. Differential tectonic deformation and structural area map for the marine strata in Yangtze block
图 2 多旋回叠合盆地烃流体源演化关系
1.烃源岩；2.油气藏；3.直接烃流体源；4.间接烃流体源；5.沥青、残碳；6.成烃演化；7.油气聚集
Fig. 2. Evolution of hydrocarbon fluid sources in multicycle superimposed basin
图 3 扬子地块典型构造变形地质剖面(剖面位置见图 1)
剖面I-I '.断陷反转变形；剖面II-II '.断陷反转变形；剖面III-III '.断块反转变形；剖面IV-IV '.逆冲推覆变形；剖面V-V '.复合叠加变形
Fig. 3. Type geologic section of tectonic deformation in Yangtze block
图 4 扬子地块典型埋藏史和热史图(剖面位置见图 1)
Fig. 4. Type burial history and thermal historyin Yangtze block
表 1 扬子地块海相烃流体源与中新生代构造变形响应关系
Table 1. Response of hydrocarbon fluid source from marine strata to Meso-Cenozoic tectonic deformation in Yangtze block
构造变形 构造-埋藏方式 成烃演化 烃流体源 地区 复合叠加 持续埋藏－晚期隆升 干酪根→油→气 干酪根裂解气、油裂解气、沥青裂解气 上扬子 断陷反转 强烈暴露－断陷埋藏 初次生烃→生烃中止→二次生烃 残留烃流体源、二次生烃 下扬子、江汉盆地 断块反转 强烈隆升－海相暴露 干酪根→原生烃源→残存原生烃源 残留烃流体源 湘鄂西、大洪山地区 逆冲推覆 强烈隆升－推覆埋藏 干酪根→油→气；干酪根→油 残留烃流体源、干酪根裂解气、油和沥青裂解气 江南隆起 晚期弱抬升－推覆埋藏 干酪根→油→气；干酪根→油 残留烃流体源、干酪根裂解气、油和沥青裂解气 南大巴山前缘 
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