云南马关新生代钾玄质玄武岩的岩石学与地球化学特征及构造环境

黄行凯; 莫宣学; 喻学惠; 李勇; 和文言; 李小伟

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.053

云南马关新生代钾玄质玄武岩的岩石学与地球化学特征及构造环境

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.053

1.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
北京大学地球空间与科学学院, 北京 100871

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究"973"项目 2009CB421000

详细信息

作者简介:
黄行凯(1985-), 矿物岩石矿床学专业博士研究生, 主要从事岩浆岩及相关矿产方面的研究

通讯作者:
喻学惠, E-mail: xhy532@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: P584
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-11-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2012-05-01

Petro-Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Setting of Cenozoic Shoshonitic Basalts from Maguan, Yunnan Province

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Earth and Space Science, Peking Univeristy, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

摘要: 云南马关地区广泛出露了一套富含大量幔源包体和捕掳晶的新生代玄武岩.对该地区的新生代玄武岩进行了岩石学和地球化学方面的研究, 为该地区自新生代印度-欧亚大陆碰撞以来发生的岩浆活动及壳幔物质交换等问题提供重要的信息和岩浆岩约束.研究表明: 该区玄武岩具有富碱且富钾的特征, 其中全碱含量w(K₂O+Na₂O)变化在2.94%~8.23%之间、K₂O/Na₂O在0.44~6.72之间, 21个样品平均的K₂O/Na₂O比值为1.26.采用火山岩类型系列与划分方法, 确定本区多数岩石属于钾玄岩类的玄武岩或碧玄岩.岩石具有富集LREE和LILE的特征, 经球粒陨石/原始地幔标准化后的稀土元素配分形式和微量元素蜘蛛图均具有与OIB相似的特征.岩石中含有大量深源岩石包体, 斑晶含量少且结晶程度低, 相容元素Ni含量较高等特点, 符合原生岩浆的基本特征; 唯有Mg^#(0.49~0.72)偏低, 可能与源区本身的性质或者源区发生的壳幔混合作用等因素有关.根据钾质岩石构造环境判别标准, 显示岩石形成于板内环境, 其成因与印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞诱发的软流圈物质向高原东南方向侧向挤出有关.
- 云南马关 /
- 新生代钾玄岩 /
- 岩石学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 构造环境
Abstract: A suite of Cenozoic shoshonitic basalts bearing abundant mantle-derived xenoliths and xenocrysts outcropped in Maguan area, Yunnan Province. This study provides results of petrological and geochemical characteristics of the Cenozoic shoshonitic volcanic rocks, aiming to offer some food to thoughts related to volcanism and mantle-crust interation induced by to the continental collision between India and Asia plates. Results showed that Cenozoic shoshonitic basalts from this area have relatively high and variable alkali contents (2.94%-8.23%), and are rich in potassium (average K₂O/Na₂O of 21 samples is 1.26). They are classified as shoshonitic basalts or basanite. They are enriched in both light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and distribution patterns in the chondrite-normalized diagram and primitive-normalized spidergram collectively resemble the pattern of OIB. The shoshonitic basalts contain abundant mantle-derived xenoliths and xenocrysts, and are poorly crystallized with very low contents of phenocrysts, and have considerably high abundance of compatible elements such as Ni, implying that the Cenozoic basaltic rocks of Maguan area are representatives of primary magma derived from mantle sources. The relatively low Mg^# of rocks, ranging from 0.49 to 0.72, can either be ascribed to the intrinsic characteristics of the source region or to the mixing of crust and mantle materials in the source region, which needs to be further studied. The Cenozoic shoshonitic basalts formed in a within-plate tectonic setting, the petrogenesis of which is related to the lateral extrusion of asthenospheric mantle along the southeastern of Tibetan plateau induced by the Indo-Asia collision.
- Maguan area of Yunnan Province /
- Cenozoic potassic basalts /
- petrology /
- geochemistry /
- tectonic setting

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图 1 马关地区八寨-木厂街地质简图和采样位置示意(据魏启荣等，2003修改)

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Bazhai-Muchangjie area in Maguan county showing sampling locations

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图 2 马关地区新生代玄武岩TAS图(底图取自Le Maitre, 1989)

Pc.苦橄玄武岩；B.玄武岩；O1.玄武安山岩；O2.安山岩；O3.英安岩；R.流纹岩；S1.粗面玄武岩；S2.玄武质粗面安山岩；S3.粗面安山岩；T.粗面岩、粗面英安岩；F.副长石岩；U1.碱玄岩、碧玄岩；U2.响岩质碱玄岩；U3.碱玄质响岩；Ph.响岩；Ir-Irvine分界线，上方为碱性，下方为亚碱性

Fig. 2. TAS diagram of Cenozoic basalts from Maguan area

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图 3 马关地区新生代钾质玄武岩K₂O-SiO₂图解(a)和K₂O-Na₂O图解(b)

Fig. 3. K₂O-SiO₂ diagram (a) and K₂O-Na₂O diagram (b) of Cenozoic basalts

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图 4 马关地区新生代玄武岩的哈克图解

Fig. 4. Harker diagram of Cenozoic basalts from Maguan area

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图 5 马关新生代玄武岩稀土元素配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蜘蛛图(b) (据Evensen et al., 1978; Sun and McDonough, 1989)

Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements distribution patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized incompatible elements spidergram (b) of Cenozoic basalts from Maguan area

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图 6 钾质火成岩构造环境判别(据Muller et al., 1992)

CAP.大陆弧；IOP.初始洋弧；LOP.晚期洋弧；PAP.后碰撞弧；WIP.板内

Fig. 6. Tectonic setting discriminant diagram of potassic volcanic rocks

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表 1 马关地区新生代玄武岩主量元素分析结果(%)

Table 1. Major element compositions (%) of Cenozoic basalts from Maguan area

样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量	Mg^#	K₂O/Na₂O	K₂O+Na₂O
MG-HZB	49.64	2.36	13.63	11.67	7.87	0.16	8.86	7.72	2.93	2.03	0.51	1.27	99.76	0.60	0.70	4.96
MG-XHT2	45.37	1.34	14.08	10.74	7.37	0.17	6.11	12.47	2.02	1.48	0.14	6.80	99.79	0.53	0.73	3.51
MG-ZJS	48.65	2.28	13.48	11.21	7.37	0.16	9.75	8.07	2.79	1.33	0.61	2.39	99.75	0.63	0.48	4.12
MG-LC	45.84	1.86	10.97	11.07	7.77	0.18	14.72	8.53	1.74	1.56	0.76	3.53	99.72	0.72	0.90	3.31
MG018	49.16	1.23	14.25	11.30	7.12	0.16	6.78	10.94	1.77	1.18	0.14	3.08	99.50	0.54	0.66	2.94
MG08	46.76	2.70	14.05	9.70	3.67	0.09	8.09	5.60	0.47	3.17	0.69	8.47	97.56	0.62	6.72	3.64
MG01-1-1	50.48	1.77	16.85	9.84	5.91	0.19	3.91	4.51	4.99	3.82	0.86	3.98	99.76	0.44	0.77	8.81
MG01-1-2	50.93	1.76	15.86	10.20	5.84	0.16	3.93	5.44	4.80	3.31	0.45	3.71	99.30	0.43	0.69	8.12
MG01-2	49.82	2.01	17.18	9.61	5.13	0.19	3.93	4.33	4.83	3.52	1.11	3.95	99.33	0.45	0.73	8.36
MG01-27	49.10	1.91	15.78	11.40	7.70	0.15	4.22	5.63	4.02	2.21	1.07	5.23	99.41	0.42	0.55	6.24
MG01-12	46.21	2.01	12.33	10.35	7.55	0.20	9.66	9.06	2.00	1.86	0.84	5.70	99.37	0.65	0.93	3.86
MG01-21-1	50.11	1.28	16.47	10.76	6.73	0.19	3.92	4.92	4.52	3.71	0.86	3.92	99.56	0.42	0.82	8.23
MG01-21-2	45.73	1.80	12.95	11.43	7.13	0.18	8.64	5.52	1.95	2.42	0.73	9.33	99.59	0.60	1.24	4.37
MG01-24-1	45.67	1.81	13.64	10.24	7.09	0.20	8.75	5.93	1.97	2.50	0.80	9.13	99.43	0.63	1.27	4.48
MG01-24-2	46.97	1.66	12.76	10.50	7.24	0.21	8.75	6.04	2.06	2.44	8.58	0.73	99.40	0.62	1.19	4.51
MG-3	46.86	3.32	13.15	11.17	6.87	0.15	6.44	7.75	2.47	3.55	0.92	4.22	99.77	0.53	1.44	6.01
MG-4	52.38	2.27	12.13	11.38	6.98	0.15	8.23	7.64	3.00	2.09	0.65	0.08	100.73	0.59	0.70	5.09
MG-6	49.15	2.45	13.13	11.78	6.54	0.16	8.82	8.09	3.14	2.24	0.65	0.37	99.40	0.60	0.71	5.38
MG-10	47.90	2.84	14.17	10.99	7.02	0.13	7.44	4.84	2.32	4.68	1.02	3.68	100.53	0.57	2.02	6.99
MG-12	48.12	2.65	14.34	10.66	6.82	0.12	6.76	5.07	2.51	4.45	1.06	4.29	100.44	0.56	1.77	6.96
MG-15	45.23	2.51	13.04	11.12	6.35	0.15	9.28	7.84	1.95	3.00	0.81	5.07	99.80	0.62	1.53	4.95
平均值	48.10	2.09	14.01	10.82	6.77	0.16	7.48	6.95	2.77	2.69	1.11	4.23	99.61	0.56	1.26	5.47
注：表内前6套数据为本次分析，第7~15套数据引自魏启荣等(2004)，第16~21套数据引自夏萍和徐义刚(2004)；Mg^#=Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺).

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表 2 马关地区新生代玄武岩中稀土和微量元素分析结果(10^-6)

Table 2. REE and trace elements compositions of Cenozoic basalts from Maguan area

样品号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Rb	Ba	Th	U	Nb
MG-HZB	20.69	42.43	5.46	24.31	6.24	2.00	6.34	0.98	5.26	0.89	2.32	0.30	1.77	0.24	67.54	335.89	2.95	0.99	43.51
MG-XHT2	9.52	21.06	2.69	11.96	3.28	1.10	3.84	0.69	4.21	0.82	2.38	0.33	2.21	0.33	35.44	207.19	1.89	0.68	8.51
MG-ZJS	26.50	53.79	6.75	29.36	6.90	2.23	6.83	1.01	5.40	0.94	2.37	0.31	1.70	0.25	75.15	434.30	3.49	1.34	60.64
MG-LC	33.86	67.22	8.18	35.28	7.62	2.29	7.33	1.06	5.53	0.91	2.34	0.29	1.69	0.23	116.41	326.67	4.64	1.28	56.26
MG01-12	36.05	71.46	8.50	38.11	8.81	2.34	7.16	1.04	5.48	0.95	2.42	0.27	1.74	0.22	72.60	450.00	6.52	1.59	80.20
MG01-21-2	31.30	63.64	7.67	35.90	8.37	2.35	7.32	1.11	5.59	1.01	2.53	0.35	1.87	0.21	73.40	465.00	4.92	1.69	71.60
MG01-24-1	28.97	58.54	6.98	32.36	7.69	2.15	6.70	1.00	5.25	0.96	2.28	0.30	1.66	0.22	74.36	464.00	4.73	1.70	70.40
MG01-24-2	29.55	59.59	7.06	32.85	7.99	2.25	6.93	1.07	5.64	0.99	2.44	0.31	1.76	0.22	70.50	461.00	4.86	1.78	71.00
样品号	Ta	Pb	Sr	Zr	Hf	Y	Sc	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	LREE	HREE	∑REE	(La/Yb)_n	(La/Sm)_n	δEu	δCe
MG-HZB	2.54	3.16	448.03	182.32	4.49	24.20	16.21	257.61	50.38	212.26	53.40	114.04	108.45	34.97	143.42	7.89	2.08	0.97	0.94
MG-XHT2	0.52	3.36	264.01	94.82	2.59	20.90	18.10	148.97	45.00	90.23	152.32	80.72	54.13	31.19	85.32	2.90	1.82	0.95	0.99
MG-ZJS	3.55	3.34	518.81	219.12	4.99	24.55	12.24	245.87	46.97	246.85	43.66	116.92	133.36	35.51	168.88	10.54	2.41	0.98	0.95
MG-LC	3.14	3.22	533.70	187.99	4.32	24.28	11.25	526.80	55.59	561.38	55.50	92.28	162.85	35.27	198.12	13.50	2.80	0.93	0.94
MG01-12	3.95	6.52	789.00	242.00	5.58	26.40	15.48	335.80	54.60	293.00	57.40	144.00	165.27	19.28	184.55	14.80	2.60	0.88	0.97
MG01-21-2	3.94	10.32	747.00	221.00	5.73	27.52	15.65	265.70	49.90	247.90	68.30	166.00	149.23	19.99	169.22	12.00	3.20	0.90	0.98
MG01-24-1	3.72	9.79	753.00	215.00	5.48	25.60	14.71	249.10	46.60	239.50	60.30	146.00	136.70	18.36	155.06	12.50	3.30	0.90	0.98
MG01-24-2	3.72	9.84	732.00	218.00	5.47	26.30	15.99	282.20	47.50	239.20	59.10	152.00	139.28	19.34	158.62	12.10	3.30	0.90	0.98
注：表前4套数据为本次分析结果，后4套数据引自魏启荣等(2004).

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