川西北二叠系茅口组海相优质烃源岩发育控制因素

李红敬; 解习农; 黄俊华; 陈慧; 林正良

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.017

川西北二叠系茅口组海相优质烃源岩发育控制因素

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.017

李红敬^{1, 2},
解习农^1, ,,
黄俊华²,
陈慧¹,
林正良³

1.
中国地质大学构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国石化石油物探技术研究院, 江苏南京 210014

基金项目:

中国石油化工股份有限公司海相油气勘探前瞻性项目 G0800-06-ZS-319

湖北省自然科学重点基金 2008CDA095

地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室开放课题 GPMR200914

中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室开放基金项目 TPR-2010-07

详细信息

作者简介:
李红敬(1983-), 女, 在读博士, 主要从事层序地层学和烃源岩的研究

通讯作者:
解习农, E-mail: xnxie@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2012-01-15

Main Factors Controlling the Formation of Excellent Marine Source Rocks in Permian Maokou Formation of Northwest Sichuan, China

1.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
SINOPEC Geophysical Research Institute, Nanjing 210014, China

摘要

摘要: 中国南方茅口组地层为区域性烃源岩. 茅口组底部和顶部均发育硅质岩, 顶部地层残余有机碳高达10.90%, 其厚度16 m, 为优质烃源岩层, 而该组底部为差烃源岩.通过岩石学、碳同位素和微量元素分析, 表明华南川西北地区茅口期存在2期上升流, 分别发育于茅口组沉积早期和晚期; 上升流所带来的营养盐有利于生物的发育, 产生高的初级生产力.结合碳同位素资料, 发现茅口期古海洋生物产率呈现出高-低-高的变化过程, 而大气中CO₂含量变化也呈现高-低-高的变化过程.虽然茅口期底部为高初级生产力层段, 但是由于该沉积及早期成岩阶段为常氧环境, 不利于沉积有机质保存, 形成了差烃源岩, 而茅口组顶部沉积时期存在大的海侵事件, 海平面的上升导致厌氧环境形成, 沉积有机质大量保存下来, 形成优质烃源岩层段.该套烃源岩形成与发育主控因素分析是中国南方海相优质烃源岩分布预测和油气成藏研究的基础.
- 海相优质烃源岩 /
- 岩石学 /
- 碳同位素 /
- 上升流 /
- 茅口组 /
- 二叠系 /
- 川西北 /
- 地层学
Abstract: The Permian Maokou Formation in southern China is taken as regional source rocks. Both the bottom and the top layers of Maokou Formation at the Shangsi section in Guangyuan, Northwest Sichuan developed siliceous rocks, however, only the top layer is taken as excellent source rocks with a thickness of 16 m and the maxium residual organic carbon of 10.90%. Based on the analysis of petrology, carbon isotopes and trace elements, it suggests the existence of upwelling in both the Wordian and Capitanian periods. Nutrient elements brought by upwelling are beneficial to form high primary productivity. The paleo-oceanic phytoplankton growth rate became from high to low and finally to high which coincided with the changes of atmospheric p_CO₂. The lower Maokou Formation with high primary productivity is poor source rock. The reason is that normoxic environment during the deposition and earlier diagenesis stages of the lower Maokou Formation went against the conservation of organic matter. While the upper Maokou Formation with high primary productivity is taken as excellent source rocks, as a great transgression event during Late Maokou period result in the occurrence of anaerobic environment which led to the formation of excellent source rock layer. The study on the controlling factors in the formation of excellent source rocks in the Maokou Formation is the base of distribution prediction of marine excellent source rocks and hydrocarbon reservoirs prediction in southern China.
- excellent marine source rock /
- petrology /
- carbon isotope /
- upwelling /
- Maokou Formation /
- Permian /
- Northwest Sichuan /
- stratigraphy

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图 1 二叠系四川广元上寺剖面岩性柱状图(a)及其地理位置(b)

Fig. 1. Map of the lithology (a) and location (b) of the Shangsi section in Guangyuan, Northwest Sichuan

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图 2 四川广元上寺剖面茅口组δ¹³C_carb、δ¹³C_org、Δ¹³C和TOC分布(Δ¹³C=δ¹³C_carb-δ¹³C_org)(生境型的划分据Yan et al., 2008)

Fig. 2. Paired carbon isotope and total organic carbon (TOC) from Maokou Formation at the Shangsi section in Guangyuan, Northwest Sichuan (Δ¹³C=δ¹³C_carb-δ¹³C_org)

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图 3 光合作用(ε_p)、大气CO₂含量和现代海洋浮游生物产率(μm/d)关系(Hayes et al., 1999, 有修改)

大气CO₂浓度(280×10^-6)采用前工业水平(PIL)

Fig. 3. Generalized relationship between the photosynthetic fractionation effect (ε_p), atmospheric CO₂ levels, and modern marine phytoplankton growth rates (μm/d)

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图 4 四川广元上寺剖面茅口组Ce异常及Ni/Co比值变化

Fig. 4. Ce abnormality and the ratio of Ni/Co from Maokou Formation at the Shangsi section in Guangyuan, Sichuan

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图 5 川西北二叠系茅口组海相优质烃源岩形成模式

Fig. 5. Forming model of excellent marine source rocks in Maokou Formation of the Permian strata, Northwest Sichuan

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表 1 四川广元上寺剖面茅口组样品微量元素数据

Table 1. Trace elements data from Maokou Formation at the Shangsi section in Guangyuan, Sichuan

编号	地层	岩性	深度(m)	Sc	Co	Ni	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Th	U
117-1	吴家坪组	灰岩	70.54	0.67	0.53	3.38	2.39	3.65	0.52	1.99	0.40	0.10	0.49	0.07	0.41	0.09	0.27	0.04	0.25	0.04	0.35	2.25
106-2	茅口组	硅质岩	60.24	0.32	1.77	25.60	9.37	11.80	0.27	1.00	0.20	0.05	0.24	0.03	0.17	0.04	0.11	0.02	0.07	0.02	0.11	3.57
106-1	茅口组	灰岩	60.14	0.69	0.63	28.20	5.19	2.80	0.59	2.28	0.42	0.10	0.47	0.07	0.44	0.11	0.30	0.05	0.28	0.04	0.18	6.14
105-3	茅口组	页岩	59.48	1.54	1.81	114.0	10.70	8.30	1.41	5.49	0.96	0.22	1.06	0.15	0.87	0.21	0.56	0.08	0.50	0.07	0.79	15.70
105-2	茅口组	页岩	58.92	1.45	2.11	122.0	9.56	7.64	1.34	5.24	0.88	0.18	0.96	0.14	0.84	0.19	0.50	0.07	0.44	0.07	0.74	10.60
105-1	茅口组	灰岩	58.26	1.20	1.22	51.70	8.62	6.12	1.13	4.41	0.78	0.16	0.82	0.12	0.72	0.16	0.46	0.06	0.43	0.06	0.45	9.12
104-1	茅口组	灰岩	57.52	3.22	3.19	75.40	16.70	17.30	2.22	8.25	1.44	0.31	1.40	0.21	1.21	0.26	0.69	0.11	0.64	0.10	1.75	8.00
103-1	茅口组	灰岩	56.76	1.66	2.06	128.0	11.50	9.06	1.68	6.53	1.19	0.25	1.23	0.17	1.02	0.23	0.64	0.09	0.53	0.08	0.83	14.40
102-1	茅口组	灰岩	56.32	0.49	0.45	13.80	2.11	1.18	0.27	1.03	0.18	0.04	0.19	0.03	0.18	0.05	0.13	0.02	0.14	0.02	0.11	4.37
101-1	茅口组	灰岩	54.84	1.30	0.55	9.53	6.88	6.80	0.78	3.00	0.52	0.10	0.52	0.07	0.42	0.09	0.23	0.04	0.21	0.03	0.99	2.55
100-2	茅口组	灰岩	54.42	0.44	0.44	10.90	2.49	1.30	0.25	0.98	0.19	0.03	0.18	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.11	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.09	4.01
100-1′	茅口组	页岩	53.52	1.52	1.59	53.10	18.90	19.40	1.48	5.85	1.07	0.21	1.11	0.16	0.97	0.22	0.58	0.08	0.48	0.08	1.07	12.00
100-1	茅口组	灰岩	53.44	0.79	0.75	21.10	5.56	4.74	0.81	3.00	0.50	0.09	0.59	0.08	0.50	0.11	0.29	0.04	0.28	0.04	0.45	6.18
95-4	茅口组	灰岩	47.1	1.21	2.72	45.70	4.82	5.31	0.80	2.92	0.55	0.14	0.57	0.09	0.52	0.12	0.32	0.05	0.29	0.05	0.58	5.64
95-3	茅口组	灰岩	46.1	1.07	2.43	33.70	3.57	3.40	0.55	2.12	0.38	0.10	0.41	0.07	0.38	0.08	0.26	0.03	0.25	0.03	0.70	5.87
95-2	茅口组	灰岩	44.5	0.40	0.86	11.00	0.87	0.74	0.10	0.41	0.09	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.07	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.10	2.09
95-1′	茅口组	页岩	43.5	1.63	5.10	78.80	6.23	6.72	0.99	3.50	0.61	0.14	0.68	0.10	0.60	0.15	0.42	0.07	0.38	0.07	1.36	12.80
95-1	茅口组	灰岩	43.5	0.45	0.72	7.94	0.89	0.96	0.13	0.44	0.08	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.08	0.02	0.07	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.13	2.03
94-3	茅口组	灰岩	41.95	0.48	0.86	10.80	1.03	1.16	0.18	0.68	0.14	0.03	0.15	0.02	0.15	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.10	0.02	0.13	1.40
94-2	茅口组	硅质岩	41.75	0.42	0.97	11.00	0.74	0.85	0.14	0.52	0.11	0.03	0.12	0.02	0.11	0.03	0.07	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.15	1.65
94-1	茅口组	灰岩	40.55	0.42	0.98	8.74	1.15	1.18	0.15	0.56	0.10	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.10	0.03	0.07	0.01	0.07	0.01	0.13	1.46
93-1	茅口组	灰岩	38.1	0.71	1.46	10.60	1.39	1.85	0.26	0.97	0.18	0.04	0.19	0.03	0.17	0.04	0.11	0.02	0.10	0.02	0.24	2.30
92-7	茅口组	灰岩	35.9	0.39	0.46	4.78	0.59	0.70	0.11	0.41	0.07	0.02	0.09	0.01	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.06	2.56
92-5	茅口组	灰岩	32.9	0.37	0.49	5.57	0.67	0.75	0.10	0.42	0.08	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.07	3.70
92-3	茅口组	灰岩	30.9	0.47	0.61	6.00	0.66	1.00	0.14	0.51	0.13	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.09	0.03	0.06	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.12	3.07
86-3	茅口组	灰岩	2.8	0.61	1.48	4.16	1.11	1.84	0.21	0.85	0.15	0.04	0.20	0.03	0.21	0.05	0.13	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.22	2.60
86-2	茅口组	灰岩	1.7	0.42	1.42	3.85	0.59	1.00	0.11	0.43	0.09	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.12	1.33
85-7	栖霞组	灰岩	-0.1	0.61	1.70	4.77	1.54	2.45	0.26	0.96	0.16	0.04	0.17	0.02	0.13	0.03	0.07	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.29	1.73
^*注：深度单位为m，其他单位为10^-6.

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表 2 四川广元上寺剖面二叠系茅口组TOC(%)数据统计

Table 2. TOC content (%) in different lithologies, Maokou Formation at the Shangsi section in Guangyuan, Sichuan

岩性	样品数	最小值	最大值	平均值
薄层状灰岩	5	1.22	10.90	5.16
中层状灰岩	26	0.14	2.24	0.78
厚层状灰岩	4	0.11	0.75	0.39
巨厚层状灰岩	7	0.10	0.41	0.21
硅质岩	4	0.45	0.96	0.78
钙质页岩	6	2.43	5.07	4.19

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