流体—超镁铁质岩相互作用与硬玉岩的形成

祁敏; 向华; 钟增球; 周汉文

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.052

流体—超镁铁质岩相互作用与硬玉岩的形成

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.052

祁敏¹,
向华¹,
钟增球^1, ,,
周汉文^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学教育部长江三峡库区地质灾害研究中心, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 40873044

详细信息

作者简介:
祁敏(1982-), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事宝玉石研究

通讯作者:
钟增球, E-mail: zqzhong@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P588.36
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2011-05-01

Fluid-Ultramafic Rock Interaction and Formation of Jadeite Rocks

QI Min¹,
XIANG Hua¹,
ZHONG Zeng-qiu^{1
, ,},
ZHOU Han-wen^{1, 2}

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-Hazard, Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 俯冲带中流体与岩石相互作用以及流体循环一直是地质学家关注的焦点之一.硬玉岩(翡翠)作为高档宝玉石材料, 其成因一直备受关注.硬玉岩产于与俯冲带有关的蛇纹石化超镁铁质岩中, 是俯冲带中流体与超镁铁岩相互作用的特殊产物.岩石组合、岩相学、显微结构及矿物化学特征表明: 橄榄岩与流体的作用可以分为5个阶段, 分别为蛇纹石化→(绿泥石、金云母)→角闪石→辉石→(方沸石、钠长石)阶段.结合热力学相图, 总结了橄榄岩与流体作用过程中矿物的演化序列.硬玉岩的形成需要富Na、Al、Si流体和较高的压力.缅甸硬玉岩中, 钠质闪石总是与硬玉岩伴生, 钠质闪石成分变化大, 且能与流体发生再平衡从而调节自身和流体的成分.钠质闪石在硬玉形成过程中充当了Na、Al、Si的缓冲剂, 使Na、Al、Si达到一定比例有利于硬玉的结晶.
- 硬玉岩 /
- 成因 /
- 物质来源 /
- 钠源 /
- 流体 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: The fluid-rock interactions and fluid circulations in subduction zone have been a focus for geologists. As a kind of high-grade gem material, the genesis of jadeite rocks attracts an increasing concern. The jadeite rocks generally occur in the serpentinized ultramafic rocks in subduction zones and its formation is related to the interaction between subduction-related fluids and ultramafic rocks (peridotite). Based on rock association, petrography, microstructure and mineral chemical characteristics, the processes of interaction between peridotite and fluid can be divided into five stages, that is, serpentine→ (chlorite, phlogopite) →amphibole→pyroxene→ (analcime, albite). Combined with analysis of thermodynamic phase diagrams, the evolutionary series of minerals in the processes of interaction are identified. Formation of jadeite requires the fluids enrich in Na, Al, Si and under relatively higher pressure. In the jadeite rocks from Myanmar, the sodium amphiboles with various chemical components are always associated with the jadeite, and rebalance of the amphiboles with fluids can regulate the compositions of minerals and fluids. Sodium amphiboles act as a buffer in the formation process of jade and the jadeite was crystallized when the Na, Al and Si were concentrated to certain percentage.
- jadeitite /
- petrogenesis /
- material resources /
- Na-source /
- fluid /
- petrology

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图 1 缅甸及邻区地质构造简图(a)(丘志力等，2008)及缅甸翡翠矿区地质简图(b)(Shi et al., 2008)

1.第四纪; 2.安山岩; 3.玄武岩; 4.硅质岩; 5.含硬玉砾石岩; 6.火山角砾岩; 7.花岗岩; 8.蛇纹石化橄榄岩; 9.结晶片岩类; 10.第三纪沉积岩; 11.硅质角砾岩; △.硬玉岩; ■.铬铁矿; ●.金矿化点

Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map of Myanmar and the adjacent areas (a) and geological map of the Myanmar jadeite area (b)

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图 2 手标本照片

a.硬玉岩与钠长石岩接触界线；b.硬玉岩外围的角闪石带以及硬玉中的角闪石；Jd.硬玉；Ab.钠长石；Amp.角闪石

Fig. 2. Hand specimen photos

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图 3 显微结构照片

a.细小叶片状斜绿泥石及铬铁矿残余，部分铬铁矿周围有有绿色钠铬辉石(单偏光)；b.角闪石与绿泥石共生(正交偏光)；c.角闪石边缘及内部的毛发状钠质辉石(单偏光)；d.角闪石中细粒钠质辉石包裹体(单偏光)；e.钠质角闪石中大量针状钠质辉石析出(单偏光)；f.长柱状角闪石与自形粒状的硬玉共生(正交偏光)；g.角闪石边缘被硬玉交代(BSE图像)；h.早期粗粒硬玉核部包含大量包裹体，边部较干净(单偏光)；i.硬玉的韵律环带(正交偏光)；j.自形的硬玉晶体间空隙被后期的方沸石充填(正交偏光)；k.钠长石细脉穿插在角闪石晶体中(BSE)；l.硬玉岩中的钠长石细脉(正交偏光)；Jd=硬玉；Ab=钠长石；Amp=角闪石；Chl=绿泥石；Chr=铬铁矿；Na-Cpx=钠质辉石；Acm=方沸石；Ko=钠铬辉石

Fig. 3. Micrographs showing the microtextures of the jadeitites

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图 4 角闪石成分变化图解

a.Na-Al-(Si-6)图解；b.Na-Al图解

Fig. 4. The diagrams of amphibole composition

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图 5 斜方辉石成分图解(a)和斜方辉石Ca vs. Na(b)

Fig. 5. Compositional trend of orthopyroxene (a) and orthopyroxene Ca vs.Na (b)

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图 6 ACF及AFNa图解

A=Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃+Cr₂O₃；C=CaO；F=FeO+MgO+MnO；Na=Na₂O

Fig. 6. Correlation of ACF and AFNa

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图 7 log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Ca²⁺/ $a_{\rm{H}}^2 + $示意(Allen et al., 2003)(a)和log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Na⁺×a_Al(OH)₄^-示意(b)

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Ca²⁺/$a_{\rm{H}}^2 + $ (a) and log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Na⁺×a_Al(OH)₄^- (b)

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图 8 BSE图像显示角闪石沿边缘及裂隙成分变化

Fig. 8. Backscatter electron (BSE) images showing the change of chemical composition along border and fractures of the amphibole porphyroblasts

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表 1 各种矿物代表性电子探针成分分析结果(主量元素单位：%)

Table 1. Representative electron microprobe data of minerals from the jadeitite

	Ol^*	Chr	Serp	Chl	Chl	Phl	Eck	Gla	Mg-Kat	Nyb	Rich	Tre	Ko	Cr-Jd	Jd	Omp	Ab	Acm
SiO₂	41.55	0.14	41.99	36.90	34.87	42.98	57.18	58.23	52.29	53.74	56.36	55.71	53.36	56.82	59.23	56.16	68.33	59.52
Al₂O₃	0.00	7.15	1.38	13.44	7.44	12.49	7.01	4.94	7.41	7.56	6.80	2.44	2.36	15.15	24.65	8.75	19.24	24.97
TiO₂	0.00	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.12	0.18	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.48	0.26	0.03	0.21	0.03	0.00
Cr₂O₃	0.00	58.28	0.15	1.34	8.82	0.92	1.02	7.82	0.02	5.60	1.10	1.44	26.52	6.29	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
MgO	51.36	1.09	36.94	27.94	27.93	23.32	17.96	13.27	18.90	16.31	18.47	21.87	0.65	2.65	0.16	10.37	0.00	0.06
FeO	7.39	28.97	7.94	6.09	7.71	4.84	4.01	5.46	4.63	2.47	3.93	2.35	2.32	2.26	0.12	2.99	0.03	0.10
MnO	0.00	3.61	0.07	0.07	0.26	0.12	0.10	0.05	0.10	0.05	0.09	0.19	0.07	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CaO	0.00	0.04	0.08	0.67	0.90	0.02	3.04	0.41	8.92	2.03	3.97	11.16	0.78	3.59	0.20	14.70	0.08	0.11
Na₂O	0.00	0.00	0.32	0.06	0.04	0.04	9.23	8.27	4.61	10.03	8.82	1.90	13.37	12.76	15.25	6.28	11.78	9.88
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.02	2.76	0.03	10.23	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.08	0.24	0.12	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.03
Total	100.30	99.31	88.91	89.27	88.02	95.00	99.81	98.76	97.25	97.95	99.82	97.21	99.90	99.82	99.64	99.46	99.49	94.67
Si	1.002	0.005	3.951	3.479	3.420	3.056	7.676	7.961	7.279	7.428	7.593	7.692	1.991	1.988	2.001	1.996	2.997	2.064
Al	0.000	0.302	0.153	1.493	0.860	1.047	1.110	0.795	1.216	1.232	1.080	0.397	0.104	0.625	0.981	0.367	0.995	1.020
Ti	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.007	0.013	0.019	0.008	0.004	0.004	0.013	0.007	0.001	0.006	0.001	0.000
Fe3	0.000	0.033	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.197	0.170	0.271	0.114	0.202	0.136	0.072	0.066	0.003	0.062	0.001	0.000
Cr	0.000	1.653	0.011	0.100	0.684	0.052	0.108	0.845	0.002	0.612	0.117	0.158	0.782	0.174	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Mg	1.847	0.058	5.181	3.926	4.084	2.472	3.594	2.704	3.921	3.361	3.710	4.501	0.036	0.138	0.008	0.550	0.000	0.003
Fe2	0.149	0.837	0.625	0.480	0.632	0.288	0.253	0.454	0.268	0.171	0.241	0.135	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.000	0.003
Mn	0.000	0.110	0.006	0.005	0.021	0.007	0.011	0.006	0.011	0.006	0.010	0.023	0.002	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ca	0.000	0.001	0.008	0.067	0.095	0.001	0.437	0.060	1.330	0.301	0.573	1.651	0.031	0.134	0.007	0.560	0.004	0.004
Na	0.000	0.000	0.058	0.012	0.008	0.006	2.402	2.193	1.245	2.689	2.305	0.507	0.967	0.865	0.999	0.433	1.001	0.664
K	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.332	0.004	0.928	0.032	0.032	0.036	0.015	0.042	0.021	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001
O	4	4	14	14	14	11	23	23	23	23	23	23	6	6	6	6	8	6
Mg^#	0.93	0.07	0.89	0.89	0.87	0.90	0.93	0.86	0.94	0.95	0.94	0.97	0.99	1.00	1.00	0.95	1.00	0.49
注: ^*据施光海等，2001.

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