Clay Mineralogy and Its Paleoclimatic Indicator of the Miocene Sediments of Xunhua Basin
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摘要: 为揭示循化盆地沉积物对古气候及青藏高原隆升过程的指示作用, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)方法对循化盆地中新世沉积物中粘土矿物组成、微观形貌进行了深入研究.结果表明, 沉积物中粘土矿物以伊利石、蒙脱石为主, 绿泥石、高岭石和坡缕石含量较低; 粘土矿物相对含量及伊利石结晶度变化特征指示, 在23.1~21.2 Ma期间, 古气候以温暖潮湿为主; 21.2~14.3 Ma期间古气候以冷干为主, 出现短暂的相对暖湿时段; 14.3~10.6 Ma期间, 古气候以相对暖湿为主; 10.6~9.3 Ma时期, 气候以冷干为主; 9.3~5.2 Ma期间, 气候虽有冷干与暖湿波动, 但总体上以暖湿为主.在21.2 Ma和5.8 Ma时期发生的明显强降温事件, 可能与青藏高原的阶段性隆升有关.Abstract: To reconstruct the paleoclimate in the Miocene, clay mineralogy of the Xunhua sediments was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Our results show that clay minerals of the Miocene sediments are mainly illite and smectite, with minor chlorite, kaolinite, and palygorskite. The apparent changes in their relative contents and illite crystallinity suggest that warm and humid paleoclimate conditions prevailed over the period of 23.1—21.2 Ma, then the mainly cold and dry climate succeeded in the period of 21.2—14.3 Ma, with short intervals of warm and humid climate conditions. The mainly warm and humid climate dominated in the period of 14.3-10.6 Ma, and it changed into a mainly cold and dry climate in the period of 10.6—9.3 Ma. The paleoclimate of the episode of 9.3—5.2 Ma was warm and humid, and it fluctuated frequently between cold/dry and warm/humid. The rapid changes in clay indices in the curves at 21.2 Ma and 5.8 Ma probably suggest the uplift in Xunhua of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
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Key words:
- clay mineral /
- crystallinity /
- Miocene /
- Xunhua basin /
- uplift
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图 1 研究区地质简图及剖面位置图(据张楗钰等，2010)
1.第四系；2.上新统积石组；3.中—上新统临夏组；4.中新统咸水河组；5.渐新统—中新统他拉组；6.下白垩统河口群；7.中—上三叠统古浪堤组；8.元古宇化隆岩群；9.角度不整合；10.断层；11.实测剖面
Fig. 1. Geological map of studied area and the location of the measured section
图 2 循化盆地中新世地层剖面岩性柱状图及样品层位
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of Miocene showing the lithology and sampling position in Xunhua basin
图 3 循化盆地中新世地层代表性样品粘土矿物的XRD图谱
Fig. 3. XRD patterns of representative samples of clay fractions of Miocene in Xunhua basin
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