Late Quaternary High Resolution Monsoon Records in Planktonic Stable Isotopes from Northern South China Sea
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摘要: 对南海北部MD05-2904孔45 m的连续沉积物中提取的浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber(白色)进行稳定同位素分析, 得到晚MIS 8以来(时间跨度257 ka, 平均时间分辨率228 a)的高分辨率沉积记录, δ18O和δ13C的频谱分析显示了强烈的岁差(23.4 ka、19.8 ka)、半岁差(11.7 ka、9.9 ka)周期.MD05-2904孔MIS 24时间段的氧同位素记录了格陵兰冰心中发现的Dansgaard/Oeschger和Heinrich事件.与葫芦洞石笋记录及南海邻区浮游有孔虫氧同位素记录的对比显示了受季风控制的区域因素, 如降雨、河流输入导致的盐度变化等对表层海水组成的影响.氧同位素在MIS 3、MIS 6的早期以及MIS 7.4偏轻; 而在MIS 5.5偏重, 这种现象解释为降雨量和蒸发量共同作用的结果.而末次冰盛期高达6570 cm/ka的沉积速率反映了低海平面时孔位离岸距离缩短带来丰富的沉积物源.Abstract: Oxygen and carbon stable isotope records (with an average time resolution of 228 a) were obtained from Core MD05-2904 (19°27.32', 116°15.15', water depth 2 066 m), using the mixed-layer dwelling planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white). The 45 m core spans from end of MIS 8 to the Holocene, representing the sediment record of the last 257 a. Strong precession periods (23.4 ka and 19.8 ka) were found from spectral analysis of both δ18O and δ13C records, following with semi-precession cycles (11.7 ka and 9.9 ka). The high resolution δ18O record of MD05-2904 reveals nearly all the Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events during MIS 2-4, as defined in the Greenland ice core record. A better correlation between MD05-2904 planktonic δ18O, the Hulu stalagmite δ18O record and previously published planktonic δ18O records from the SCS suggests that the planktonic δ18O record is influenced by monsoon-dominated regional factors, such as rainfall and river discharge related salinity changes. Lighter δ18O values in early MIS 3, early MIS 6 and MIS 7.4, and heavier values in MIS 5.5 are due to changes in precipitation and evaporation affected by monsoon. Sedimentation rates increased to 65-70 cm/ka in LGM, indicating more sediments when the site location was closer to the river mouth during glacial at lower sea level.
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图 1 南海地图和MD05-2904孔及相关站位(等值线单位：m)
Fig. 1. Map of the SCS and location of core MD05-2904 and other sites mentioned
图 2 MD05-2904年龄-深度关系及沉积速率的变化
实线代表沉积速率；虚线代表年龄与深度的线性关系；正方形为测年结果，三角形为年龄控制点，数字为氧同位素分期，阴影部分为冰期
Fig. 2. Age/depth plot of age controlling points, as well as the liner sedimentary rate (LSR) of MD05-2904
图 3 (a) δ18O年代标尺：实线=MD05-2904，虚线=LR04，(b)实线=MD05-2904的δ13C记录，虚线=N21°的夏季太阳辐射量，(c)和(d)分别为MD05-2904 δ18O和δ13C的频谱分析
图a中数字代表氧同位素分期；图b中箭头代表 8个AMS14C测年结果
Fig. 3. (a) Solid line is the age model for the line δ18O record of MD05-2904, dashed line is the δ18O stack of LR04, (b) solid line is the δ13C record of MD05-2904, the dashed line is the summer insolation at N21°, (c) and (d) are the spectrum analysis results of G. ruber δ18O and δ13C of MD05-2904
图 4 100 ka以来δ18O记录的对比
a.南海北部17940；b.本次研究MD05-2904；c.南海北部ODP 1144；d.北大西洋深海钻孔MD95- 2042；e.格陵兰GISP2；YD=新仙女木事件；LGM=末次盛冰期；H1-H6=Heinrich变冷事件；数字=D/O事件
Fig. 4. Correlations of δ18O records over the last 100 ka
图 5 (a) 相对海平面变化(Waelbroeck et al., 2002)，(b)通过Uk37得出的MD05-2904孔的SST记录(数据来源于贺娟等，2008)，(c)MD05-2904剩余氧同位素δ18Oresidual记录，(d)MD05-2904 δ18OG.ruber，(e)ODP 1146 δ18OG.ruber(Clemens and Prell, 2003)，(f)三宝洞δ18O记录(Wang et al., 2008)
a、b、c中虚线为曲线变化趋势；d、e、f中虚线指示间冰期时的氧同位素值；黑色箭头代表本次研究中δ18O的区域性偏移；c图中剩余氧同位素δ18Oresidual的计算步骤：先计算得到δ18Owater，δ18Owater(SMOW)=0.27+(SST(℃)-16.5+4.8×δ18Ocalcite(PDB))/4.8(Bemis et al., 1998)；δ18Owater扣掉冰盖效应(Waelbroeck et al., 2002)后即为δ18Oresidual
Fig. 5. (a) Relative sea level (Waelbroeck et al., 2002), (b) SST records derived from Uk37 at MD05-2904 (data from He et al., 2008), (c) residual δ18O record from the δ18OG.ruber of MD05-2904, (d) δ18OG.ruber record in this study, (e) δ18OG.ruber record in ODP 1146 (Clemens and Prell, 2003), (f) δ18O record of Sanbao-Hulu caves (Wang et al., 2008)
图 6 MD05-2904粗组分含量及冰消期的沉积速率变化(阴影部分代表冰消期)
Fig. 6. Coarse fraction record of MD05-2904 and the difference of LSR during three Terminations Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ
表 1 MD05-2904孔AMS14C测年结果及站位年龄模式选取的控制点
Table 1. AMS14C results and the total control points of MD05-2904
深度(cm) 年龄(a BP) 调谐目标曲线 备注 AMS14C年龄 日历年 15~18 1 421±30 1 315±20 AMS 14C测年结果采用Faribanks et al.(2005)校正程序转化为日历年, 每个控制点的年龄和深度取自测样深度和年龄的中值 171~174 6 582 + 36 7 472 + 32 299~302 9 756±60 11 189±48 479~482 13 033+43 15 181 + 108 646~649 14 811±80 17 724±215 762~765 16 275±80 19 397±98 986~989 21 308±101 25 534±172 1 082~1 085 22 158±132 26 649±187 1 387 45 525 MD95-2042 H5 1 559 55 624 MD95-2042 1 711 65 188 MD95-2042 1791 68 770 MD95-2042 1 943 81 389 MD95-2042 MIS5.1 2031 86 820 Hulu+Sanbao δ18O MIS5.2 2 287 107 500 Hulu+Sanbao δ18O MIS5.3 2 339 116 200 Hulu+Sanbao δ18O MIS5.4 2471 128 940 LR04 Stack MIS6.0 2 683 140 000 LR04 Stack MIS6.2 3 043 156 000 LR04 Stack MIS6.4 3 479 175 000 LR04 Stack MIS6.5 4 135 240 000 LR04 Stack MIS7.5 4 323 252 000 LR04 Stack 4 498 257 000 LR04 Stack 
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