A New Type of Reservoir of Paleozoic Buried Hill in Zhuanghai Area: Discovery and Characteristics of Silicified Rock
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摘要: 通过对研究区下古生界取心井的岩心描述、镜下(包括偏光显微镜和扫描电镜)观察，并对目的层段声波时差、密度、自然伽马等测井参数进行分析，发现研究区下古生界硅岩段与原生硅岩的岩-电特征明显不同，本文称之为“硅化岩”，并总结了硅化岩段的特征.研究区下古生界硅化岩之原岩残留结构清晰、硅岩晶粒自形程度高；硅化岩段常出现热水矿物萤石、重晶石、黄铁矿、铁方解石、石英等的共生组合，且次生热水矿物的再次溶蚀特征显著；硅岩段孔隙极为发育，不但有角砾间溶洞、溶缝，次生矿物溶蚀也形成溶洞、裂缝等有效储集空间，另外，自形石英晶簇的晶间微孔隙也十分发育；与碳酸盐岩相比硅化岩段具有极低速度、较低密度特点，且其分布具有“穿层性”.通过与下古生界原生硅岩特征进行对比，认为桩海地区下古生界硅化岩为次生成因，其形成是埋藏溶蚀作用的结果.次生硅化岩为下古生界潜山中一种新的储层类型.这种新储层类型的发现不但对中国东部陆相盆地高成熟探区的油气挖潜具有重要的实际意义，而且对于进一步丰富硅岩理论、推动硅岩研究进展也具有一定的学术价值.Abstract: Based on the core description, microanalysis and processing of the logging data including AC, GR and DEN, a new type of silicalite reservoirs in Paleozoic buried hill in Zhuanghai area is found whose rock-electric properties are very different from those of protogenesis silicalites. Silicalite reservoirs are called silicified rock here and their characteristics are generalized. The structure of primary rock of silicified rock is clear and the idiomorphic degree of quartz crystal is high. Paragentic hydrothermal mineral assemblage of fluorite, barite, pyrite, ferrocalcite and quartz with secondary characteristic are common in silicified rock layer and the secondary corrosion of these paragentic hydrothermal minerals is significant. The pore of silicified layer is very developed including not only large solution cavities among breccias and secondary pores by dissolution of the Paragentic hydrothermal minerals, but also the micro-pores among the idiomorphic quartz crystal druse. The P-wave velocity and the density of silicified rock are much lower than that of the carbonate and the distribution of silicified rock in buried hill is featured with the "cross-layer" characteristic. By comparing with the characteristic of the protogenesis silicalite in Paleozoic buried hill, it is believed that the silicified rock is secondary genesis which resulted from deep buried modification. The secondary silicified rock is a new type of reservoir of Paleozoic buried hill in Zhuanghai area. The discovery of this new kind of reservoirs is not only of value to the high exploration basin, but also of scientific significance to the advance of silicate research.
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Key words:
- (secondary) silicified rock /
- reservoir /
- Paleozoic /
- petrology /
- Zhuanghai area
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图 1 研究区构造位置(a)及古生界残留厚度图(b)
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of the research area (a) and Paleozoic residual thickness (b)
图 2 桩海地区下古生界致密鲕粒白云岩(a)和生屑灰岩(b)
a.桩古17井4550m亮晶鲕粒白云岩，一期胶结物微细晶方解石已发生白云石化；二期胶结物为粗晶方解石，岩性致密，干层；b.桩古6井3593.53m生物泥亮晶灰岩，岩性致密，干层.5×(-)
Fig. 2. Paleozoic compact ooidal dolomite (a) and bioclastic limestone (b)
图 3 桩西下古生界潜山漏失和放空统计(据徐国盛，2001；图中横向所列的所有井均为桩古字号)
Fig. 3. Count of leakage loss and emptying of buried hill in Zhuangxi area
图 4 桩古10井3593.36m处岩溶角砾岩
角砾成分为泥晶灰岩，硅质和泥质填隙，裂缝、溶孔发育，5×(±)
Fig. 4. Karst breccia in the well Zhuanggu 10 of 3593.36m
图 5 桩古10井硅化层段中次生石英晶簇(扫描电镜照片)
a.硅化层段的自生石英晶簇；b.硅化泥岩中微孔隙及白云石的微溶孔；Q.石英；I.伊利石；D.白云石
Fig. 5. Secondary drusy quartz in the well Zhuanggu 10 (stereoscan photograph)
图 6 次生热水矿物白云石、萤石、重晶石、黄铁矿等的特征
a.桩古10井3597.0m硅化岩中自生白云石的港湾状溶蚀，溶蚀孔隙被有机质充填，2.5×(+)；b.桩古10井3594.6m硅化角砾岩中次生溶洞发育，见萤石，油斑沿溶洞壁分布，5×(-)；c，d.桩古10井3594.6m硅化角砾岩的次生溶孔发育，见重晶石和油斑，5×c：(-)，d.(+)；e.埕北古5井2587.0m硅化角砾岩中的莓状黄铁矿，岩心照片；f.埕北古5井2588.0m硅化角砾岩中的晶簇状萤石，岩心照片
Fig. 6. Secondary hot water minerals characters of dolomite, fluorite, barite and pyrite
图 7 硅化岩中极为发育的溶孔
a.桩古10井3594.60m硅化角砾岩，次生溶孔极发育，洞壁见油斑，5×(+)；b.桩古10井3596.05m次生硅化岩，溶缝-溶洞发育，被萤石、方解石半充填，5×(+)
Fig. 7. Very developed solution pore in silicified rock
图 8 研究区下古生界不同岩性声波时差-密度(a, c)和自然伽玛-密度(b, d)交汇图
a.埕北古100井声波时差-密度交汇图；b.埕北古100井自然伽玛-密度交汇图；c.桩古10井声波时差-密度交汇图；d.桩古10井自然伽玛-密度交汇图
Fig. 8. AC-DEN cross-plot (a, c) and GR-DEN cross-plot (b, d) of Paleozoic different lithologic characters in research area
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