“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念

林畅松; 潘元林; 肖建新; 孔凡仙; 刘景彦; 郑和荣

“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念

1.
中国地质大学能源地质系, 北京 100083
2.
胜利油田石油管理局, 东营 257001

基金项目: 胜利油田管理局“九五”重点攻关项目

详细信息

作者简介:
林畅松, 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 1958年生, 1988年毕业于中国地质大学, 获博士学位, 现从事沉积盆地分析与模拟研究

中图分类号: P618.130.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 1999-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2000-05-25

STRUCTURAL SLOPE-BREAK ZONE: KEY CONCEPT FOR STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND PETROLEUM FORECASTING IN FAULT SUBSIDENCE BASINS

1.
Department of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Shengli Oil Administration Bureau, Dongying 257001, China

摘要

摘要: 构造坡折带是指由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带.渤海湾等盆地的研究表明, 断陷湖盆中存在的构造坡折带制约着盆地可容纳空间的变化, 对层序的发育、沉积体系域及砂体的分布起重要的控制作用.在半地堑盆地中可划分出凸起-缓坡边缘、缓坡-洼陷边缘、陡坡-洼陷边缘、凸起-陡坡边缘等断裂坡折带, 识别了“梳状构造”、“帚状构造”、“叉型构造”等同沉积的构造(断裂) 坡折带样式, 它们控制着特定的沉积相域和砂体的展布形式.构造坡折带是油气藏形成的极有利地带.洼陷边缘断裂坡折带, 如“梳状构造”等构成盆地深部预测勘探的重要领域.
- 构造坡折带 /
- 砂体预测 /
- 断陷盆地
Abstract: The structural slope-break zone, resulting in the abrupt change of the depositional slope, is initiated by the long-term activity of syndepositional structure. The researches into the Bohaiwan basin indicate that the structural slope-break zone in the fault subsidence lacustrine basin constrained the change in the accommodation space of the basins, controlling the development of the depositional sequence and the distribution of the depositional system tracts and the sand bodies. The half-graben basin may accommodate the following four kinds of structual slope-break zones: uplift-gentle-slope margins, gentle slope-depression margins, steep-slope-depression margins, and uplift-steep-slope margins. Furthermore, several syndepositional structural (fault) slope-break patterns are identified such as "comb-like structure" and "broom-like structure". These structures controlled the distribution patterns of the specific depositional systems tracts and the sand bodies in the basin. The structural slope-break zone is favorable for the formation of petroleum accumulation. The structual slope-break zone at the depression margin such as the "comb-like structure" has proved important for the prediction and exploration of the deep-seated subtle traps in the basin.
- structural slopebreak zone /
- sandbody prediction /
- fault basin

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图 1 半地堑湖盆构造坡折带与沉积体系分布(以渤海湾沾化凹陷为例)

1.扇/扇三角洲; 2.河流-三角洲; 3.三角洲前缘-浊流沉积; 4.灰岩/石膏层; 5.深湖泥质沉积; 6.河流-浅湖泥质沉积; 7.①以第三系沙河街组沙四段为例; ②以第三系沙河街组沙三段为例; ③以第三系沙河街组沙二段为例

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图 2 几种典型的同沉积断裂坡折样式与扇三角洲-湖底浊积扇体系分布

a.以渤海湾盆地孤北洼陷东部沙河街组沉积为例; b.以渤海湾盆地四扣洼陷东部沙河街组沉积为例; c.以渤海湾盆地孤南洼陷东部沙河街组沉积为例.1.湖泊泥质沉积; 2.扇三角洲-湖底扇体系; 3.碎屑供给体系; 4.同沉积断裂

Fig. 2. Several types of syndepositional faults and related fan delta and sublacustrine fan systems

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图 3 横过第三纪渤海湾盆地四扣洼陷的三维地震沉积-构造解译剖面

AF.冲积扇沉积, 楔状发散不连续-较连续反射结构; FD.扇三角洲沉积, 较连续-连续前积反射结构; LST.低位湖底扇-前三角洲浊积, 丘形、叠瓦状、扁透镜状等反射结构; sb3, sb4, sb5分别为沙河街组沙二、沙三和沙四层序的底界

Fig. 3. 3-D seismic profile across the Sikou depression in Bohaiwan basin, showing the relationship between the depositional systems and the syndepositional structures

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图 4 过第三纪渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷中部的沉积断面(据三维地震剖面和钻井资料编制)

1.湖相泥岩; 2.湖相泥岩和浊积砂岩; 3.扇砂砾岩; 4.扇三角洲/湖底扇砂岩-泥岩; 5.湖相泥岩; 6.石膏/泥岩

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图 5 过第三纪渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷斜坡带的沉积断面(据三维地震剖面和钻井资料编制)

1.砾岩; 2.含砾砂岩; 3.砂岩; 4.泥岩; 5.泥灰岩

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图 6 第三纪渤海湾盆地孤北洼陷沙三上砂体厚度分布与梳状同沉积断裂系关系

1.钻井位置; 2.主要的物源方向; 3.同沉积断裂; 4.砂岩厚度20~60 m; 5.砂岩厚度60~100 m; 6.砂岩厚度 > 100 m

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图 7 第三纪渤海湾盆地四扣洼陷沙三沉积砂体与同沉积断裂分布

1.深湖沉积; 2.同沉积断裂; 3.物源方向; 4.扇三角沉积; 5.湖底扇或浊流沉积; 6.辫状河三角洲沉积; 7.浅湖沉积

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