Thermochronological Constraint to the Processes of the East Kunlun and Adjacent Areas in Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic
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摘要: 针对东昆仑及相邻地区研究较薄弱的中生代—新生代早期时段的构造过程提供了系列新的热年代学资料.不同热年代学方法综合揭示了东昆仑及相邻地区在中生代—新生代早期至少存在3次明显的热事件记录.第一次大约启动于200Ma的晚三叠世晚期, 并可能一直延续到早中侏罗世之交, 是一次具有广泛影响并奠定造山带区域构造格架的构造热事件.区域动力背景可能和南部羌塘地块与昆仑地块的碰撞、松潘—甘孜—巴颜喀拉浊积盆地闭合相关.第二次发生在大约130~150Ma的早白垩世, 并可能延续到早白垩世末, 主要表现为系列区域性NWW-SEE向的挤压性断裂活动, 可对应于白垩纪时期拉萨地块沿班公湖—怒江缝合带与欧亚大陆的增生拼贴事件.第三次为大约56~45Ma的古新世, 表现为一期伸展抬升.热年代学记录与零星保存的地质记录具有良好的匹配性, 并对构造过程提供了更确切的时间限定.Abstract: This paper displays some new thermochronological data on the tectonic processes of the East Kunlun and its adjacent areas in Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic, which were less investigated before. Three thermal events are revealed by different thermochronological methods. The first thermal event, which was a regional tectonic thermal event and established regional tectonic framework, started-up at about 200 Ma and lasted to the interim of the early-middle Jurassic. Its dynamics can be related to the closure of the Songpan-Ganzi-Bayan Har Triassic turbilite basin and the collision between the Qiangtang block and the Kumlun block. The second thermal event, mainly shows a series of NWW-SEE regional faults activity, occurred at about 130-150 Ma and lasted to about 100 Ma, the end of Early Cretaceous. The dynamics of this thermal event can be correspond to the collision between the Lhasa block and the Eurasia plate alone the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. The last one happened at about 56-45 Ma, showing a extension-coursed uplift. The thermochronological records match well to the geological records which fragmentaryrily presented in the study area and provide a more certain constraint to the tectonic processes.
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Key words:
- East Kunlun /
- Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic /
- thermochronology.
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图 1 东昆仑中段地质简图 (图中方框示图4范围)
1.第四系;2.上三叠统 (八宝山组) —下侏罗统 (羊曲组) 陆相火山碎屑含煤建造;3.上二叠统 (格曲组) —中下三叠统 (洪水川组、闹仓坚沟组、希里可特组) 河流—滨浅海相砂砾岩、碳酸盐岩—半深海相碎屑复理石建造, 含火山岩;4.三叠系巴颜喀拉山群碎屑浊积岩;5.中下二叠统阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂岩系;6.泥盆系—二叠系 (牦牛山组、哈拉郭勒组、浩特诺洼组) 陆相碎屑磨拉石建造、火山岩建造—浅海碳酸盐岩建造;7.奥陶系—志留系纳赤台岩群构造混杂岩系;8.中上元古界 (冰沟群和万宝沟群) 碳酸盐岩及玄武岩;9.太古界—元古界片麻岩、大理岩和石英岩;10.不同时代花岗质侵入体;11.超镁铁岩12.主要断裂;13.巴颜喀拉山群碎屑锆石裂变径迹样品取样点及样品编号
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the middle eastern Kunlun
图 4 东昆仑香日德西南部布尔汗布达山北坡地质地貌简图及裂变径迹采样点分布
1.第四系;2.下古生界纳赤台岩群;3.中元古界小庙岩群;4.古元古界白沙河岩群;5.燕山期花岗岩;6.海西—燕山期花岗岩或花岗闪长岩;7.正断层; 8.性质不明断层;9.主要山脊线;10.河流水系及流向;11.制高点及标高;12.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄样品采样点、样号、样点标高及年龄值
Fig. 4. Sketch map showing geology, landform and distribution of fission-track samples, Southwest Xiangride area, eastern Kunlun
图 2 变玄武岩 (BP16-27) 锆石U-Pb SHRIMP年龄谐和图
Fig. 2. Concordia plot for zircons of foliated basalt (sample BP16-27) from the early-middle Permian A′nymaqen mélange at the Hongshishan area
图 3 东昆仑东段巴隆乡哈图和哈拉郭勒一带锆石裂变径迹年龄—样点高程关系
a.哈图一带侵入岩中锆石裂变径迹年龄随高程的变化;b.哈拉郭勒沟南侧三叠纪碎屑岩和火山岩中锆石裂变径迹年龄随高程的变化;注:实线为线性回归线.虚线为样品反映的抬升演化趋势线
Fig. 3. Relationship between the zircon fission track ages and the sample elevation in the eastern Kunlun mountains
图 5 东昆仑布尔汗布达山北坡长卡勒-乌妥一带磷灰石裂变径迹年龄-高程关系
Fig. 5. Apatite fission-track age-elevation diagram at the Changkale-Wutuo area, the north slope of the Buerhanbuda Shan, eastern Kunlun
图 6 东昆仑八宝滩晚三叠世—早侏罗世山间盆地沉积的逆冲牵引向斜
1.下侏罗统羊曲组;2.上三叠统八宝山组;3.中元古界狼牙山组;4.中三叠世花岗闪长岩;5.早三叠世二长花岗岩;6.复成分砾岩;7.含砾砂岩;8.砂岩;9.粉砂岩;10.白云质灰岩;11.页岩;12.花岗闪长岩;13.二长花岗岩;14.逆冲断层
Fig. 6. Thrust-folding of the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic intermountain basin, Babaotan, eastern Kunlun
表 1 三叠纪巴颜喀拉山群砂岩碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄
Table 1. Detrital zircon fission-track ages of sandstones of the Bayan Har Group
表 2 红石山早中二叠世阿尼玛卿构造混杂岩系片理化变玄武岩 (BP16-27) 锆石U-Pb SHRIMP年龄分析结果
Table 2. Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP age dating results of foliated basalt (sample BP16-27) from the early-middle Permian A'nymaqen mélange at the Hongshishan area
表 3 布尔汗布达山北坡基岩岩石的磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果
Table 3. Results of apatite fission-track age dating of the bedrocks from the north slope of the Buerhanbuda Shan, earstern Kunlun
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