Petrogenesis of Strongly Peraluminous Granites in Markan Area, Songpan Fold Belt and Its Tectonic Implication
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摘要: 松潘造山带广泛出露印支期后碰撞型花岗岩类, 其中包括埃达克质花岗岩类、A型花岗岩和I型花岗岩, 但目前人们对该区印支期强过铝质花岗岩尚未有深入的研究.松潘造山带马尔康花岗岩属于强过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.10~1.20), 其岩石类型主要为中粒二云母花岗岩和中细粒二云母花岗岩.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得中粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为208±2Ma, 中细粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为200±2Ma.马尔康强过铝质花岗岩K2O/Na2O=1.13~1.75, 富Rb、Th和U, 贫Sr、Ba、Co和Ni等元素; 稀土元素组成上显示存在强到中等的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.65);全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值(ISr) 为0.70712~0.71137, εNd (t) =-10.36~-8.43, 锆石εHf (t) =-11.8~-1.1.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成一致表明, 它们的岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融, 其中中粒二云母花岗岩的源岩类型主要为地壳中的泥质岩类, 而中细粒二云母花岗岩的源岩主要为地壳中的杂砂岩类.结合松潘带的地质背景、区域构造-岩浆事件及其岩浆岩的组合分析, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用可以用来解释马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成机制.在松潘带, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用导致软流圈物质上涌, 这不仅促使了加厚下地壳物质发生部分熔融, 如松潘带印支期埃达克质和I型花岗岩浆的形成, 而且还诱发了中地壳物质的部分熔融, 如马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成.这表明松潘带印支期岩石圈拆沉作用已使地壳不同层次发生部分熔融作用.Abstract: In the Songpan fold belt, Indosinian post-collision granitoids, including adakitic, A-type and I-type granitoids, are widespread.However, studies on Indosinian strongly peraluminous granite in this area are rare.The Markan granites, including medium-grained two-mica granite and medium-fine grained two-mica granite, are strongly peraluminous granites with Al index (A/CNK) =1.10-1.20.By using LA-ICP-MS zircon dating method, magma crystallization ages 208±2 Ma for the medium-grained two-mica granite and 200±2 Ma for the medium-fine grained two-mica granite are obtained.Both the two-mica granites show K2O/Na2O=1.13-1.75, and are enriched in Rb, Th and U etc while depleted in Sr, Ba, Co and Ni etc.REE compositions display strongly fractionated patterns, with (La/Yb)N =6.08-51.84 and Eu/Eu*=0.15-0.65.In Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions, they have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (ISr) of 0.707 12-0.711 37, εNd(t) values of-10.36 to-8.43 and zircon εHf(t) values of-11.8 to-1.1.Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions suggest that the magmas for the medium-grained and medium-fine grained two-mica granites were derived from patial melting of argillaceous and greywacke sediments, respectively.According to the combined analysis of geological background, regional tectono-magmatic events and magmatism composition, Indosinian lithospheric delamination can account for the magma generation of the Markan strongly peraluminous granites.The Indosinian lithospheric delamination resulted in mantle asthenospheric upwelling, which promoted not only partial melting of the thickened lower crust (e.g.the adakitic and I-type granitoid magma gerneration), but also partial melting of the middle-lower crust (e.g.the Markan granite gerneration).This indicates that the Indosinian lithospheric delamination in the Songpan fold belt had resulted in partial melting at different levels of crust.
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图 1 松潘构造带马尔康地区地质简图(据四川省地质矿产局, 1991,简化)
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Markan area in Songpan fold belt
图 2 样品03SGZ-22和0701代表性锆石阴极发光(CL) 图像
Fig. 2. CL images of representative zircons of samples 03SGZ-22 and 0701
图 3 锆石U-Pb谐和图
Fig. 3. U-Pb zircon Concordia diagram of sample 03SGZ-22 and sample 0701
图 4 马尔康强过铝质花岗岩SiO2-K2O图(a)和A/NK-A/CNK图(b)(据Maniar and Piccoli，1989)
Fig. 4. K2O vs.SiO2(a) and A/NK vs.A/CNK (b) diagrams of Markan strongly peraluminous granites
图 5 马尔康花岗岩原始地幔标准化的微量元素(a)和稀土元素(b)组成模式
a原始地幔数值据Sun and McDonough(1989); b.球粒陨石标准化值据Taylor and Mclennan(1985)
Fig. 5. Primative mantle normalized trace element spider diagram (a) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) of Markan granites
图 6 马尔康强过铝质花岗岩εNd(t)-ISr.
松潘带东北部埃达克质岩石数据来自Zhang et al. (2006); 松潘带东南部埃达克质花岗岩和Ⅰ型花岗岩数据来自Xiao et al. (2007); 松潘带中部A型花岗岩数据来自Zhang et al. (2007); LFBS型花岗岩数据来自Healy et al. (2004)
Fig. 6. εNd(t) vs. ISr. diagram of Markan strongly peraluminous granites
图 7 马尔康强过铝质花岗岩锆石的εHf (t) 频率
Fig. 7. Cumulative probability plots of εHf (t) for zircons from Markan strongly peraluminous granites
图 8 马尔康强过铝质花岗岩Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba (Sylvester, 1998)
Fig. 8. Rb/Sr vs. Rb/Ba diagram of Markan strongly peraluminous granites
表 1 样品03SCZ-22和样品0701 LA-ICP-M锆石U-Pb同位素分析数据
Table 1. U-Pb zircon LA-ICP-MS chronological data of samples 03SGZ-22 and 0701
表 2 马尔康强过铝质花岗岩主量元素(%)和微量元素数据(10―6)
Table 2. Major element (%) and trace element (l0-6) data of Markan strongly peraluminous granites
表 3 马尔康强过铝质花岗岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 3. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of Markan strongly peraluminous granites
表 4 样品03SGZ22和样品0701错石LuHf同位素资料
Table 4. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data of samples 03SGz-22 and 0701
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