Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Unconformity Structure with Weathered Clay and Sapropelic Rock
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摘要: 不整合是构造运动和海(湖) 平面升降的产物, 其风化粘土层可作为油藏的良好封盖层, 半风化岩石孔缝系统可作为油气运移通道, 也可为油气聚集提供良好储层.深入分析不整合结构在矿物含量变化、元素及其氧化物含量变化方面的微观特征是划分不整合结构的基础, 对不整合油气藏的勘探实践具有重要意义.不整合结构可划分为风化粘土层-半风化岩石型、半风化岩石型和沉积间断型.通过济阳坳陷义和庄凸起前第三系风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合结构矿物与元素变化的实测数据, 结合典型地区风化壳的矿物、元素分析结果, 分析了风化粘土层-半风化岩石型不整合结构的矿物学、常量元素地球化学特征: 其矿物学特征主要表现为长石、云母等原生矿物的蚀变和高岭石、伊利石及蒙脱石等次生粘土矿物的明显增多, 粘土矿物在风化粘土层中部或风化粘土层下部-半风化岩石上部较为富集; 其常量元素地球化学特征表现为Ca、Na元素含量迅速减少, 在风化粘土层下部与半风化岩石上部通常具有Fe、Al元素的富集带, K、Mg元素的变化由于交代作用等因素而变得复杂.Abstract: The unconformity is formed due to the tectonic movement and the eustatic sea level change.The unconformity structure is very important for the pool forming.If the weathered clay is thick enough, it can become good capping layer.The pores, fissures and their connecting systems in the sapropelic rock provide good migrating channel and accumulating place for oil.Studying the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of unconformity structure is the basic of the structure division which is important for the exploration of unconformity oil traps.The unconformity includes three structure types: the structure with weathered clay and the sapropelic rock, the structure only with sapropelic rock and the structure which formed during interruption of sedimentation.The mineralogical and geochemical examination results of Yihezhuang uplift pre-Tertiary buried weathered crust and some typical weathered crusts with weathered clay and sapropelic rock are summed up and the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of such unconformity structure are given in this paper.The primary minerals that are not resistible to weathering such as feldspar and mica decreased and the secondary clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite increased gradually.The Fe and Al elements are rich in the clay layer and the upper part of the sapropelic rock.The Ca and Na elements lost heavily.But the contents of K and Mg elements are complicated owing to the factors such as replacement of these two elements.
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Key words:
- unconformity structure /
- clay mineral /
- major element oxidates /
- sealing rock /
- migrating channel
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图 1 义和庄凸起沾北2井前第三系埋藏古风化壳主要矿物含量变化
Fig. 1. Diagram showing the change of main minerals contents of pre-Tertiary buried weathered crust of well Zhanbei 2 in Yihezhuang uplift
图 2 新加坡花岗岩质风化壳(Rahardjo et al., 2004)(a)和委内瑞拉安第斯山北部古风化壳(William et al., 2001)(b)粘土矿物含量变化
Fig. 2. Diagram showing the change of clay minerals contents of granite weathered crust in Singapore (Rahardjo et al., 2004)(a) and paleo-crust of the North Andean in Venezuela (William et al., 2001)(b)
图 3 义和庄凸起沾北2井前第三系埋藏古风化壳常量元素含量变化
Fig. 3. Diagram showing the change of elements contents of pre-Tertiary buried weathered crust of well Zhanbei 2 in Yihezhuang uplift
图 4 美国东南部地区花岗片麻岩风化壳(a)和辉绿岩风化壳(b)元素氧化物含量变化(据Neung-Hwan, 2005)
Fig. 4. Diagram showing the change of elements contents of granite gneiss (a) and diabase (b)weathered crusts in Southeast America
图 5 委内瑞拉安第斯山北部古风化壳元素含量变化(据William et al., 2001)
Fig. 5. Diagram showing the change of elements contents of the North Andean paleo-crust in Venezuela
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