Heavy Minerals Characteristics of Sediments in Jianghan Plain and Its Indication to the Forming of the Three Gorges
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摘要: 江汉平原是长江穿过三峡区的第一个大型卸载盆地, 其沉积物必然反映长江流经的物源区的物源特征.通过对盆地中心周老孔第四纪岩心的重砂样品中0.125~0.063mm粒级的重矿物含量变化、ATi、GZi、ZTR指数和重矿物组合分析, 发现从钻孔岩心深度110m开始向上, 水动力条件加强, 沉积速率加快, 重矿物的数量特征发生明显突变, 特征矿物的组合与现代长江相同.表明在周老孔岩心深度110m (古地磁年龄1.1Ma左右) 位置处, 长江三峡开始贯通, 江汉平原开始接纳长江带来的三峡上游的物质.Abstract: Quaternary sediments in Jianghan Plain, the first large-scale offloading basin of the Yangtze River after the forming of Three Gorges, reflect the characteristics of provenance through which the Yangtze River flows.The heavy mineral samples were collected from the sand layer in the drilling core, with the size fraction ranging from 0.125 mm to 0.063 mm.We find that there is an obvious mutation of the combination and quantitative characteristics of heavy minerals at the depth of 110 m, with the paleomagnetic age of 1.1 Ma, through series of analyses including the change of content, index ATi, index GZi and index ZTR.The combination of characteristic heavy minerals from the sediments above the depth of 110 m is in accordance with the modern Yangtze River.So we conclude that the Three Gorges was formed at around 1.1 Ma when the materials from the upper reaches of the Three Gorges has deposited at Jianghan basin as a result of the transfixion of the Yangtze River.
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图 2 周老孔岩性柱、古地磁及重矿物含量变化曲线综合
图中极性柱引自文献张玉芬等(2008); 图中各种重矿物的含量均为1/万
Fig. 2. Lithologic column, paleomagnetism and curves of main heavy minerals content variation of Zhoulao core
图 4 ATi指数、GZi指数、ZTR指数及主要重矿物之和的含量变化曲线
Fig. 4. Curves of ATi, GZi, ZTR and sum of main heavy minerals content variation
图 6 长江流域岩性分布
根据中科院长春地理研究所《长江流域水体环境背景值研究图集》(1998), 重新绘制
Fig. 6. Distributions of lithology in the Yangtze River basin
表 1 周老孔岩心(0.063~0.125 mm)粒级各样品中重矿物种类及含量随深度变化对比(重矿物含量单位: 1/万)
Table 1. Heavy minerals contents of samples (in 0.063-0. 125 mm size fraction) varying with depth in Zhoulao Core
表 2 ATi指数、GZi指数、ZTR指数及主要重矿物之和的含量
Table 2. ATi, GZi, ZTR and sum of main heavy minerals content
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