Overpressure Distribution and Affecting Factors in Southern Margin of Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地南缘地区盆地演化时间长, 近期构造活动剧烈, 构造应力场复杂, 地层异常压力高且分布极不规律, 对构造的形成演化及对油气的成藏过程影响极大.据实测资料和间接估算数据所展示的地层压力分布特征, 分析了砂砾岩地层和泥岩地层在压力成因和分布等方面的差异, 从不同渗透性地层内压力形成的机制和分布特征的角度讨论了控制和影响现今压力分布的地质因素.准噶尔盆地南缘存在的极高地层压力是在压实作用、构造挤压作用所形成的地层高压背景下, 叠加了近期因断裂活动和背斜构造快速形成所引起的他源高压而形成的.沉积相带分布、压实作用、构造应力、地层的形变和断裂的活动过程等都明显地影响了压力的演化和分布.Abstract: As a part of Junggar basin, the southern margin region has received the sediments from Permian to Quaternary period. The tectonic activities, occurring intensively in the area during recent million years, cause strange tectonic stress in SN direction and result in a series of anticlines accompanied with different scales of faults. Very high overpressures, the largest one with the pressure coefficient of 2.4, are observed in the area. Pressures measured with DST/RFT methods and those estimated from acoustic logging data are used in this paper to characterize overpressure distribution in the basin. Pressuring effect of different geological factors in permeable sandy and sealing shaly formations are discussed. It indicated that the occurrence and distribution of overpressures in the southern margin have been seriously influenced by many geological factors, such as deposition facies, the tectonic stress action, deformation of sediments, as well as fractures occurrences and so on. Synthetically, the extremely high pressures encountered in the research area result from the effect of compaction caused by both the gravity and the tectonic stress, in combination with faulting that makes hydraulic connection among permeable formations, and with folding that makes the permeable formations incline.
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图 2 准噶尔盆地南缘典型地质剖面显示出三排构造带的特征(吴晓智等, 2000)
Fig. 2. A typical geological section in NS direction, showing the tectonic characteristics of three structure zones (Wu et al., 2000)
图 4 准噶尔盆地南缘代表性井中的压实曲线及压力纵向分布
Fig. 4. Compaction curves and pressure distribution in some representative profiles from boreholes in south margin of Junggar basin
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