喜马拉雅造山带东、西构造结的地质特征与对比

郑来林; 金振民; 潘桂棠; 孙志民; 耿全如

喜马拉雅造山带东、西构造结的地质特征与对比

1.
中国地质调查局成都地质矿产研究所, 四川成都 610082
2.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国地质调查局西藏1∶250 000墨脱县幅区域地质调查项目 19991300009041

详细信息

作者简介:
郑来林(1963-), 男, 教授级高级工程师, 主要从事岩石学和构造地质学研究.E-mail: cdzlailin@cgs.gov.cn

中图分类号: P54
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2003-09-18
- 刊出日期: 2004-05-25

A Geological Comparison between the Eastern and Western Himalayan Syntaxes

1.
Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610082, China
2.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 喜马拉雅造山带的东、西两端分别有一个构造急剧转向的地区——构造结, 这里是探讨喜马拉雅造山带构造演化的重要场所.区域地质调查资料对比显示这2个构造结有: (1)相似的地貌景观; (2)相似的地质特征和演化历史, 即都缺失喜马拉雅沉积岩(寒武纪—第三纪); (3)结晶岩系中都有高压变质岩, 且在10 Ma以来均发生过深熔与混合岩化作用; (4)25 Ma以来, 特别是10 Ma以来两地都经历了快速剥露和隆升作用; (5)印度板块-欧亚板块的碰撞时间接近, 分别为75 Ma和65 Ma, 均早于喜马拉雅造山带的其他地区.这些相似性表明: 伸展拆离和以河流作用为主的地表过程是喜马拉雅造山带的东、西构造结快速剥露的主导因素; 因强烈剥露减压所致的地壳部分熔融作用形成的岩浆向地表减压处的流动在构造结的演化过程中起着重要作用.
- 地质特征 /
- 构造结 /
- 喜马拉雅造山带
Abstract: There are two syntaxes, where orogenic structures turn sharply. They occurred in the eastern and western ends of the Himalayan belt respectively, and are the ideal places to discuss the evolution of the belt. The comparison of geological data from the eastern and the western syntaxes shows that they have: (1) similar geography, (2) similar geological features and evolution (both lost the Himalayan sediments of Cambrian-Tertiary), (3) similar high-pressure metamorphic rocks overprinted by the re-melting of crust and migmatization younger than 10 Ma, (4) similar rapid uplifting experience since 25 Ma, especially since 10 Ma, (5) similar ages of the collision between India and Eurasia (75 Ma and 65 Ma in eastern and western syntaxes respectively) and much earlier than other places within the belt. The similarities suggest that: (1) detachment and surface processes (especially river process) would be the main reasons resulting in rapid denudation, and (2) the melts derived from the partial melting rocks in middle to low crust due to the denudation flowed and focused would play important roles on the evolutions of the syntaxes.
- geological feature /
- syntax /
- orogenic belt of Himalaya.

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图 1 西构造结地区地质图

南迦帕尔巴特-哈拉木什块体的北界尚未确定(虚线).欧亚板块: A-1.喀拉昆仑基岩; A-2.泥质岩和火山岩.库斯坦: K-1.白垩纪至第三纪变火山岩、侵入岩和变沉积岩; K-2.无色部分为辉石和麻粒岩相变质岩、共生的火成岩; 黑色部分为Jijal超镁铁杂岩.印度板块: I-1.花岗岩、花岗片麻岩和变沉积岩; I-2.第三纪和第四纪磨拉石沉积

Fig. 1. Geological map of the area of Nanga Parbat syntaxis

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图 2 南迦帕尔巴特西南部巴基斯坦喜马拉雅地区和西构造结南迦帕尔巴特片麻岩的温度-时间关系(据Searle, 1996).

Fig. 2. Temperature-time plot for the Pakistan Himalaya to the southwest of Nanga Parbat and the Nanga Parbat gneisses that form the western syntaxis of the Himalaya

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图 3 南迦巴瓦地区地质简图

1.板块俯冲带; 2.板块结合带; 3.区域性大断层; 4.隐伏断层; 5.实测性质不明断层; 6.推测性质不明断层; 7.走滑断层; 8.强韧性剪切带; 9.正断层; 10.逆断层; 11.韧性剪切带; 12.解译断层; 13.石炭—泥盆系; 14.侵入岩; 15.超基性岩; 16.结合带; 17, 18, 19.南迦巴瓦岩群迦派乡岩组、迦多雄拉混合岩、迦直白岩组; 20, 21, 22.念青唐古拉岩群a岩段、b岩段、c岩段

Fig. 3. Geological sketch map of Nanjiabawa(Namche Barwa)

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