Chemical Characteristics and Variations of Groundwater Quality in Songnen Basin
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摘要: 松嫩盆地位于东北腹部, 是我国主要的大型地下水盆地之一.地下水资源十分丰富, 但水质问题复杂, 原生水质状况不佳, 人为污染比较严重.根据水利、地质部门多年积累的地下水水质监测资料, 对地下水中原生有害组分和人为污染组分的形成机理和区域分布规律进行了比较全面、深入的研究, 着重分析了在人为活动影响下, 盆地不同地下水系统内地下水水质的多年变化规律.认为地质构造上的封闭性、强还原/弱碱性/富含有机质的水文地球化学环境、地下水运动滞缓是盆地地下水中多种原生有害组分富集的基本条件.近半个世纪以来强烈的人类活动, 则是导致地下水水质发生趋势性变化的主要原因.提出了改善区域地下水交替循环条件, 治理环境污染, 治理和更新已成为污染通道的水井, 利用洁净松花江水开展地下水人工回灌等改良与保护地下水水质的主要措施.Abstract: Songnen basin is located in the center of the northeast China. It is one of the main large-scale groundwater basin which is very abundant in groundwater resources in China, but the situation of groundwater there is complex: the original groundwater quality is not very good and the pollution due to human activities is relatively severe. Based on groundwater quality data monitored by water conservancy and geological department for many years, in-depth study on the formation mechanics and regional distribution laws of primary harmful components and man-made pollutant in groundwater is conducted. Furthermore, the perennial change laws of groundwater quality in the basin because of human activities are analyzed in the paper. The results show that the primary harmful components would be concentrated under the following conditions: the geological structure is enclosed, the environment of strong reducing/alkalescent/full of organic matter in groundwater and groundwater seepage velocity is slow. The main reason for change tendency of groundwater quality is the human activities in recent years. The paper gives some advice on amelioration and preservation of groundwater quality such as enhancing regional groundwater circulation and exchange function, fighting against environment pollution, treating or refreshing the polluted well and utilizing artificial recharge with clean water of Songhua River.
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图 1 区域水文地质剖面示意图
Q3-4.第四系全新统—上更新统河谷砂砾石; Q3.第四系上更新统黄土状亚粘土含粉细砂层; Q2-3.第四系中、上更新统冲洪积砂砾石层; Q1.第四系下更新统冰水砂砾石层; N-E.新老第三系砂岩及泥岩; K.下白垩统泥岩、砂岩、砂砾岩; γ34.海西期花岗岩; J.侏罗系火山岩
Fig. 1. Sketch map of regional hydrogeologic profile
图 2 盆地地下水系统分区
1.区域水文地质剖面线; 2.地下水系统界线; 3.松嫩盆地边界; 4.河流和湖泊; Ⅰ.松花江高平原地下水亚系统; Ⅱ.嫩江高平原地下水亚系统; Ⅲ.大兴安岭山前平原地下水亚系统; Ⅳ.中央低平原地下水亚系统; Ⅴ.松嫩干流地下水亚系统
Fig. 2. Division map of groundwater system in Songnen basin
图 3 白城市地下水(1991—1995) 水质动态曲线
Fig. 3. Regime curve of groundwater quality (1991-1995) in Baicheng city
图 4 长春市市区浅层承压水水质动态曲线
Fig. 4. Regime curve of groundwater quality in shallow porous confined aquifer Changchun city
图 6 大庆市深层承压水矿化度多年动态曲线(牟淑琴和陈延龙, 1992)
Fig. 6. Regime curve of TDS in deep confined aquifer of Daqing city
图 7 农业区的中深层承压水水质动态曲线(吉林省乾安县某动态监测井)
Fig. 7. Regime curve of groundwater quality in medium-deep confined aquifer in agricultural area
图 8 集中开采区的中深层承压水水质动态曲线(吉林省乾安县城区60号动态监测井)
Fig. 8. Regime curve of groundwater quality in medium-deep confined aquifer in the concentrated exploitation area
图 9 江北岸江宁区潜水(D050号井) 和承压水(D742号井) 水质动态曲线
Fig. 9. Regime curve of groundwater quality in unconfined (well D050) and confined (well D742) aquifers in Jiangning district of north river bank
图 10 江南岸前郭县城区(D021号井) 承压水水质动态曲线
Fig. 10. Regime curve of groundwater quality (well D021) in confined aquifer in Qianguo county of south river bank
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[1] Lin, X. Y., Chen, M. X., Wang, Z. X., et al., 2000. Study on groundwater resources and sustainable development in Songnen basin. Earthquake Press, Beijing, 68-81 (in Chinese). [2] Mu, S. Q., Chen, Y. L., 1992. Dynamics and analysis on groundwater in ten years in Changchun city, Jilin Province. Science Press, Beijing, 30-40 (in Chinese). [3] State Supervision of Technology, 1994. State criteria of the People's Republic of China, groundwater quality criteria. The State Criteria Press, Beijing (in Chinese). [4] Zhou, F. J., Shan, R. Q., Zhang, Z. Y., et al., 1994. Study on groundwater chemistry in the middle of Songnen plain. Jilin University Press, Changchun, China, 105-110 (inChinese). [5] 林学钰, 陈梦熊, 王兆馨, 等, 2000. 松嫩盆地地下水资源及其可持续发展研究. 北京: 地震出版社, 68-81. [6] 牟淑琴, 陈延龙, 1992. 吉林省长春市十年地下水动态及其分析. 北京: 科学出版社, 30-40. [7] 国家技术监督局, 1994. 中华人民共和国国家标准《地下水水质量标准》. 北京: 国家标准出版社. [8] 周福俊, 单润起, 张中庸, 等, 1994. 松嫩平原中部地区地下水水化学研究. 长春: 吉林大学出版社, 105-110. -
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