Treatment on Acid Leaching Wastewater from K-Feldspar Powders
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摘要: 钾长石粉经过硫酸或盐酸酸浸除铁后, 废液中含有大量的金属离子和游离酸.对废硫酸进行循环利用实验, 钾长石粉铁的浸出率达到88.3%.对酸浸废液进行蒸发结晶, 分别制备得到了纯度为94.1%的绿钾铁矾和74%的三氯化铁.用硫酸酸浸废液蒸发结晶后, 铁的回收率为70.0%, 钾的回收率为96.5%, 整个工艺无需高温, 无需加压, 操作简单, 具有高效、低能耗、低污染的特点, 表明用本项技术处理酸浸废液行之有效.分析认为, 废液呈强酸性、溶液中存在大量Fe2+、碱金属离子含量偏低是蒸发结晶过程中形成绿钾铁矾而不是黄钾铁矾的主要原因.Abstract: After sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid leaching to remove iron from K-feldspar powders, the filtrate wastewater contains free acid and abundant useful metal ions such as iron. The leaching proportion of iron from K-feldspar powders is 88.3% after treated by the used sulfuric acid. With a purity of 94.1% and 74% respectively, voltaite crystal and solid FeCl3 have been produced by crystallizing in a lower temperature following the vaporization of the wastewater, with 70% iron and 96.5% potassium recovered. No need of high temperature and pressure, and with high efficiency, low energy loss and less pollution, this process proves its effectiveness. The strong acidity, Fe2+ and rather lower concentration of alkalis ions are responsible for voltaite, not jarosite, crystallizing from the acidic iron-bearing water.
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Key words:
- K-feldspar /
- acidic wastewater /
- crystallizing /
- voltaite /
- ferric chloride
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图 1 酸浸废液liq-JX1不同温度下结晶产物的X射线粉末衍射图
Fig. 1. XRD patterns of voltaite crystallized from wastewater liq-JX1
图 2 结晶体crys-rt差热曲线
热分析样品32 mg, 升温速度15 ℃/min, 走纸速度2 mm/min; 样品1214引自Beveridge and Day, 1979
Fig. 2. TDA analysis of crys-rt
图 3 结晶体crys-rt热重曲线
热分析样品32 mg, 升温速度15 ℃/min, 走纸速度2 mm/min
Fig. 3. TG analysis of crys-rt
表 1 钾长石粉酸浸废液及结晶后滤液的主要成分
Table 1. Compositions of wastewater
表 2 酸浸废液蒸发结晶实验
Table 2. Crystallization experiments of acidic wastewater
表 3 废硫酸循环利用除铁实验
Table 3. Recycle of sulfuric wastewater
表 4 合成绿钾铁矾晶胞参数a0
Table 4. Unit cell parameter of voltaite
表 5 酸浸废液蒸发结晶产物化学成分分析结果
Table 5. Chemical compositions of crys-rt and crys-95C
表 6 酸性废液中主要金属组分的回收率
Table 6. Recovery percentages of principal metallic components in wastewater
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