陕西金粟山中奥陶统生物扰动构造与古环境分析

费安玮; 张忠涛

陕西金粟山中奥陶统生物扰动构造与古环境分析

石油大学资源与信息学院, 北京 102249

基金项目: 中国石油天然气总公司勘探研究项目“鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探新方向和目标评价”; 石油大学(北京)科研基金项目

详细信息

作者简介:
费安玮(1947-), 女, 副教授, 1990年毕业于北京师范大学古地理学专业, 获博士学位, 主要从事古生物学与地层学教学和研究

中图分类号: P53
计量
- 文章访问数: 3748
- HTML全文浏览量: 111
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2002-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2002-11-25

Bioturbation Structures and Paleoenvironment Analysis of the Middle Ordovician at Jinsushan, Shaanxi

Resources and Information Institute, University ofPetroleum, Beijing 102249

摘要

摘要: 首次在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘陕西金粟山中奥陶统峰峰组八陡段与金粟山组第一段发现遗迹化石及其生物扰动构造.该地区中奥陶统含大量无法鉴定遗迹属种的生物扰动构造并产丰富的叠层石.分析、概括了生物扰动构造的分布及其特征, 采用生物扰动构造半定量分析方法并结合叠层石及沉积学研究对各组段古环境进行了解释, 进而认为: 中奥陶世自峰峰组八陡段到金粟山组第一段沉积期, 本区经历了3次由叠层石发育的潮坪环境到开阔台地浅海低能环境的古地理演变, 即海平面发生了3次较大的升降过程.
- 生物扰动构造 /
- 古环境 /
- 中奥陶统 /
- 金粟山 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: Trace fossils and bioturbation structures were first discovered from the Middle Ordovician Badou Member of Fengfeng Formation and the Member 1 of Jinsushan Formation at Jinsushan, Shaanxi Province, sourthern margin of Ordos basin, where plentiful bioturbation structures are composed of unidentified species and genera and abundant stromatolites. The analysis of the characteristics and distribution of bioturbation structures, with stromatolites and sedimentology research and a method of semi-quantitative analysis for bioturbation structures enabled the authors to explain paleoenvironments of related formations. They suggest that there were three times of paleoenvironmental changes from the stromatolite-developing tidal flat to low energy open platform shallow sea enviroments, that is, three larger-scale fluctuations of sea level, during the Middle Ordovician Badou Member of Fengfeng Formation to the Member 1 of Jinsushan Formation.
- bioturbation structure /
- paleoenvironment /
- Middle Ordovician /
- Jinsushan /
- Ordos basin

HTML全文

图 1 陕西金粟山中奥陶统生物扰动指数曲线与古环境分析综合柱状图

1.灰岩; 2.球粒灰岩; 3.砂屑灰岩; 4.泥质灰岩; 5.云斑灰岩; 6.云斑质灰岩; 7.含云斑灰岩; 8.含白云质灰岩; 9.凝块灰岩; 10.含砂屑含云斑灰岩; 11.砾屑灰岩; 12.准同生白云岩; 13.准同生后白云岩; 14.含泥白云岩; 15.泥质白云岩; 16.叠层石白云岩; 17.灰斑白云岩; 18.含灰斑白云岩; 19.斑状白云岩; 20.含生屑斑状白云岩; 21.灰质白云岩; 22.砾屑白云岩; 23.含灰含鲕粒砂屑白云岩; 24.砂屑质白云岩; 25.钙质泥岩; 26.浪成波痕; 27.缝合线; 28.硅质条带; 29.鸟眼构造; 30.水平纹理; 31.硅质团块; 32.Planolites; 33.Chondrites; 34.介形类; 35.海百合; 36.苔藓虫; 37.腕足类; 38.三叶虫; 39.牙形石; 40.棘皮类; 41.钙球

Fig. 1. Synthetic column of bioturbation index curve and paleoenvironmental analysis in the Middle Ordovician at Jinsu-shan, Shaanxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 陕西金粟山中奥陶统生物扰动指数直方图

Fig. 2. Histogram of bioturbation index in the Middle Ordovician at Jinsushan, Shaanxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 灰斑白云岩层面上的遗迹化石

图中含可鉴定遗迹Chondrites sp. indet; 金粟山组第一段(B—13层); 野外照片, 照片中硬币直径为2 cm

Fig. 3. Trace fossils on the bedding plane of the mottled dolomite

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 经生物扰动部分(暗色) 与未扰动部分(浅色) 相间顺层呈条带状分布的斑状白云岩; 金粟山组第一段(B—14层); 野外照片

Fig. 4. Cross section of the mottled dolomite in the Member 1 of Jinsushan Formation (B-14 beds) showing the banding distribution of bioturbated parts (in dark color) and unbioturbated parts (in light color) along bedding plane; field photograph

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 具轻微的生物扰动构造叠层石Stratifera

叠层石Stratifera, 具轻微的生物扰动构造(左上角), 潜穴形态不规则, 斜穿藻纹层, 含有机质较多而色暗; 峰峰组八陡段(A—6层).标本号JA—6—1a

Fig. 5. Stromatolite Stratifera with slight bioturbate texture in the Badou Member of Fengfeng Formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 叠层石Gymnosolen

金粟山组第一段(C—9层), 标本号JC—9—2

Fig. 6. Stromatolite Gymnosolen in the Member 1 of Jinsushan Formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 具粒序层理砾屑白云岩

金粟山组第一段(C—9层), 野外照片

Fig. 7. Dolorudite with graded bedding in the Member 1 of Jinsushan Formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生物扰动指数划分方案^[13]

Table 1. Grades of bioturbation index^[13]

参考文献(21)

[1]	安太庠, 张安泰, 徐建民. 陕西耀县、富平奥陶系牙形石及其地层意义[J]. 地质学报, 1985, 59(2): 97-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198502001.htm AN TX, ZHANG A T, XU J M. Ordovician conodonts from Yaoxian and Fuping, Shaanxi and their stratigraphic significance[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1985, 59(2): 97-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198502001.htm
[2]	安太庠, 郑昭昌. 鄂尔多斯盆地周缘的牙形石[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1990. 81-89. AN T X, ZHENG Z C. Conodonts of the marginal areas around the Ordos basin, North China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1990. 81-89.
[3]	杨式溥. 我国浊流沉积复理石相的遗迹化石及其古生态和古环境[A]. 见: 中国古生物学会编. 中国古生物学会第十三、十四届学术年会论文选集[C]. 合肥: 安徽科学技术出版社, 1986. 143-166. YANG S P. Turbidite flysch trace and fossils from China and their palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments[A]. In: Palaeontological Society of China, ed. Selected papers from the 13th and 14th annual conventions of palaeontological society of China[C]. Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, 1986. 143-166.
[4]	李日辉. 网状遗迹一新属——Neurodictyon n. ichnogen[J]. 现代地质, 1992, 6(2): 183-188. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ199202008.htm LI RH. Neurodictyon: a new network ichnogenus[J]. Geoscience, 1992, 6(2): 183-188. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ199202008.htm
[5]	李日辉. 陕西富平中奥陶统金粟山组的遗迹化石及沉积环境[J]. 沉积学报, 1993, 11(2): 27-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB199302003.htm LI R H. Trace fossils from Middle Ordovician Jinsushan Formation, Fuping, Shaanxi and their depositional environments[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1993, 11(2): 27-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB199302003.htm
[6]	王慧中. 东营凹陷沙河街组生物扰动构造半定量分析试验[J]. 地质科学, 1996, 31(3): 287-297. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX603.007.htm WANG HZ. Semi-quantitative analysis of bioturbation in Shahejie Formation, Dongying depression[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 1996, 31(3): 287-297. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX603.007.htm
[7]	齐永安, 胡斌. 塔里木盆地下志留统遗迹组构及其环境解释[J]. 古生物学报, 2001, 40(1): 116-126. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX200101010.htm QI Y A, HU B. Lower Silurian ichnofabrics of Tarim basin and their environmentary interpretation[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2001, 40(1): 116-126. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX200101010.htm
[8]	杨式溥, 郑昭昌. 内蒙古乌海市中奥陶统公乌素组遗迹化石[J]. 宁夏地质, 1990, 2: 102-116. YANG S P, ZHENG Z C. Middle Ordovician trace fossils from Gongwusu Formation in Wuhai city of Inner Mongolia[J]. Ningxia Geology, 1990, 2: 102-116.
[9]	李日辉. 内蒙古桌子山地区中奥陶世公乌素组的遗迹化石及遗迹相[J]. 古生物学报, 1993, 32(1): 88-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX199301007.htm LI R H. Trace fossils and ichnofacies of Middle Ordovician Gongwusu Formation, Zhuozishan, Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 1993, 32(1): 88-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX199301007.htm
[10]	李日辉. 桌子山中奥陶统公乌素组等积岩的确认及沉积环境[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 1994, 15(3): 235-239. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT403.006.htm LI R H. Identification of countourites in Middle Ordovician Gongwusu Formation, Zhuozishan, and depositional environment[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1994, 15(3): 235-239. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT403.006.htm
[11]	费安玮. 桌子山中奥陶世公乌素组遗迹化石组合与古地理环境[J]. 现代地质, 2000, 14(3): 364-374. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ200003024.htm FEI A W. Trace fossil assemblages and palaeoenvironment of Middle Ordovician Gongwusu Formation, Zhuozishan, Inner Mongolia[J]. Geoscience, 2000, 14(3): 364-374. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ200003024.htm
[12]	费安玮. 鄂尔多斯盆地拉什仲组遗迹化石组合与古环境[J]. 高校地质学报, 2001, 7(3): 278-287. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXDX200103003.htm FEI A W. Study of trace fossil assemblage and paleoenvironment ofMiddle Ordovician Lashizhong Formation, Ordos basin[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2001, 7(3): 278-287. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXDX200103003.htm
[13]	TaylorAM, Goldring R. Description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 1993, 150: 141-148.
[14]	Bottjer D J, Droser M L. Ichofabric and basin analysis[J]. Palaios, 1991, 6: 199-205.
[15]	张昀. 前寒武纪生命演化与化石记录[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1989. 108-156. ZHANG Y. Evolution of life and fossil record in Precambrian[M]. Beijing: Peiking University Press, 1989. 108-156.
[16]	朱士兴. 中国叠层石[M]. 天津: 天津大学出版社, 1993. 24-214. ZHUS X. Stromatolites in China[M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press, 1993. 24-214.
[17]	杜汝霖. 前寒武纪古生物学及地史学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1992. 26-40. DU R L. Palaeontology and geochronic geology in Precambrian[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1992. 26-40.
[18]	曹瑞骥. 北京十三陵地区前寒武纪雾迷山组叠层石和藻席中的藻类群落[J]. 微体古生物学报, 1984, 1(2): 193-202. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT198402008.htm CAO R J. Fossil algal communitieswithin stromatolites and algal mats from the Precambrian Wumishan Formation in Beijing[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 1984, 1(2): 193202. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT198402008.htm
[19]	Martin G L, James H M Jr. Early Permian vertebrate trackways from the Cedar Mesa sandstone of Eastern Utah: evidence of predator-prey interaction[J]. Ichnos, 1993, 2(2): 147-153.
[20]	勃郎姆利R G. 遗迹化石: 生物学、埋藏学及其应用[M]. 张建平, 金小赤, 杨湘宁, 译. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2000. 81-213. Bromley RG. Trace fossils: biology, taphonomy and applications[M]. Translated by ZHANG J P, JIN X C, YANG X N. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2000. 81-213.
[21]	梅志超, 李文厚. 陕西富平中—上奥陶统深水碳酸盐重力流沉积模式[J]. 沉积学报, 1986, 4(1): 34-43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198601004.htm MEI Z C, LI W H. Depositional model of deep water carbonate gravity flows in the Middle-Upper Ordovician series in Fuping, Shaanxi Province[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1986, 4(1): 34-43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198601004.htm